THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



199 



* "* l •'%,«« round the base, and 

 WU» -"^TSEto.. The holloa 



J^" Alt 



ipho- 

 is in, what is 

 s or bays of 



'^/• e Alt 0S e,he r , it fo-s to t h o 



Ian, «« • , -" ° interesting scene, ana is wen 

 ■"V^ffiLS OTS to tad, the beau- 



«- of, ? eT T P«A CoW-We understand that 8 or 



^■"■"f^trees that were planted in the open air some 

 10 Eucalypti trees i d ^ ^ hitliert0 passed 



time a 5 o at j. ,, d that this seas on they 



ttr0O « h th , e » r l ha "usnal. We learn that, although 

 5 d ° D n ^ore than four years old, from seed, they 



Miscellaneous 



At a late meeting of 



SiB. "--tin, pap-on t, su Vet wasre^hy 



hiriof traced an Indian tree, cnieiiy »y »« "T "Z/ 7 j 



Lfo be the Mustard-tree of Scripture. Having referred 

 Til p..»ge. of the Ne* Testament, Matt. xiii. 31, 

 Mark iv 32, Luke xiii. 19, &c, where the Mustard-tree 

 and seed are mentioned, he next showed how unsatisfac- 

 tory were the ordinary explanations respecting the common 

 Mustard idant, and the total want of proof respecting the 

 Phytolacca dodecandra, adduced by Mr. Frost. He then 

 mentioned how his own attention was turned to this 

 iubiect Dr. lloyle stated that having been asked by the 

 then Principal of King's College, now the B : shop of 

 Lichfield, whether he knew the Mustard-tree of Scripture, 

 and having replied in the negative, he was informed that 

 :r. Ameuny, a native of Syria, and a student of the 

 College, said' he was well acquainted with the tree. Mr. 

 Ameuny confirmed this statement to Dr. R., and added 

 that he had often sat on horseback under the tree, which 

 in Syria, considered to be the Mustard-tree of 



wis, 



Scripture, and where it was commonly called Khardal. On 

 this Dr. R. observed, " That is the Arabic name for Mus- 

 tard." Mr. A. replied, " It is so, and in Syria the seeds 

 ■re employed for the same purposes as Mustard is in 

 Europe." Dr. lloyle referred to a variety of sources to 

 obtain some explanation of Khardal as applicable to a tree 

 of Palestine, but was unable to proceed beyond the Asiatic 

 names of three kinds, enumerated in his manuscript 

 Materia Medici of the East. 1, Khardal, or common 

 Mustard ; 2, Khardal barrce, or wild Mustard ; 3, Khar- 

 dal Roomee, or Turkish Mustard. The last would appear 

 to be the tree, though there was no way of finding what 

 tree is intended by these names in the Arabic works on 

 Materia Medica. On referring to the Index of his M Illus- 

 trations of Himalayan Botany," he found the word Khar- 

 jal, which he was himself surprised to find one of the names 

 of a tree in N. West India, apparently well suited to be 

 the Mustard. tree of Scripture, though he had no proof 

 that it extended into Palestine. This is the Salvadora 

 Persica, fir.-t obtained from the Persian Gulf, which is 

 there a tree of moderate size, with drooping branches, 

 and leaves something resembling those of the Olive, with 

 acrid bark, and edible berries. Dr. Roxburgh describes 

 the same tree as common in the Peninsula of India, grow- 

 ing well in every soil, producing flowers and ripe fruit ail 

 tne year round, with the inflorescence in panicles ; the 

 berries red and juicy, much smaller than a grain of black 

 epper, having a strong aromatic smell, and taste much 

 nke garden cresses. Retz had previously obtained the 

 iame plant from Tranquebar, and had called it Embelia 

 grossulana. Forskal lou.ul it in Arabia, and called it 

 t-issns arborea, stating that it was much esteemed by the 

 Arabs, and even celebrated by their poets. Having traced 

 :? ls tree frora India up the Persian and Arabian Gulfs, 

 I . auth3r wa « still unable to find any authority for its 

 oein^fonnd in Palestine. On inquiry he was informed 



cnll ' h l! ' dley ' that he had seen specimens of the plant 

 cowec ed by Bove, near Mount Sinai. Captains Irby and 



t\T howevt r, in their travels, mention a tree which 



which Li P0 R t0 be the Mustard - tree of Scripture, and 

 j. i . r ' *•» ev *en from the few characters given, has no 



untl d Same trce ' which he h:ul traced froin India > 

 Mou > c er8,an and Arabi *" Guls, and from thence to 

 tow*^ tf 1 ' These trav eller3 mention, that advancing 

 Sea th rak ». from the southern extremity of the Dead 

 o ' ey raet v,iL " a number of curious plants, and among 



bore T ■ - Ch they observed ia great plenty, and which 

 Curr a . . lt , m bunches, resembling in appearance the 



altho h thC C ° l0Ur ° f the Plum * rt has a l )leasant 



Mnsta 5 f S !r: ,n S ] y ar omatic taste, exactly resembling 



Savin ii i e think ifc Probable that this is the tree our 

 not th \ t0 in the liable of the Mustard-seed, and 



which stard -P laDt i which we have in the north, and 



tree- « 2 Q growing large, can never be called a 

 easill , ereas the other is really such, and birds mi-ht 

 On Ln actuaU y do, take shelter under its shadow." 

 that tl. ^ mquiry of Mr < Ameuny, Dr. R. was informed, 

 of jlr T Cd Khardal ^ ^und in the neighbourhood 

 Jordan . ' but most abundantly on the banks of the 

 locaW 3 1 r ° Und the Sea of Tiber ias : that is in the very 

 ParahU ZtJx* °? r Saviou r appears to have spoken the 

 but tha— • Mustard *tree. There can be little doubt 



Rosenmiiller and other Biblical writers. Dr. Royle con- 1 

 eluded by stating, that though he thought that Captains 

 Irby and Mangles had been the first to indicate this tree, 

 though without any name, as the Mustard-tree of Scrip- 

 ture, yet he thought that he himself had been the first to 

 ascertain that Salvadora Persica was the tree. But he had 

 been surprised to find in the " Flora Medica " of his 

 friend Dr. Lindley, the observation that this tree is sup- 

 posed to be the Mustard-tree of Scripture. Having only 

 a day or two previously heard from Dr. L. respecting the 

 source of his information, Dr. R. had as yet been unable to 

 trace it out. He, however, presented his paper as a result at 

 which he had arrived, by an independent mode of inves- 

 tigation, and which is, at all events, interesting, as proving 

 that the name Kharjal is applied even in so remote a 

 country as the north-west of India, to the same plant, 

 which in Syria is called Khardal, proving the impossibility 

 of collusion, or the recent application of the latter name 

 to a plant of Palestine, merely to meet the exigencies of the 

 case. Notwithstanding the absence of authentic specimens, 

 the author stated he felt no doubt that Salvadora Persica 

 is the Mustard-tree of Scripture, as it has a small seed 

 which produces a large tree with numerous branches, in 

 which the birds of the air may and do take shelter ; that 

 the seed is possessed of the same properties, and is used 

 for the same purposes as Mustard, and has a name, Khar- 

 dal, of which Sinopi is the true translation, and which, 

 moreover, grows abundantly on the very shores of the sea 

 of Galilee, where our Saviour addressed to the multitude 

 the parable of the Mustard-tree. [We entire'y agree with 

 Dr. Royle in this view of the subject, notwithstanding 

 the objections urged against it by Lambert and Don, 

 which nppeir to us to have no weight.] 



New Work on the Vine. — We learn with much 

 pleasure that a descriptive account of an improved method 

 of planting and managing the roots of Grape Vines is 

 about to be published by Mr. Clement Hoare, whose 

 valuable work on the general management of Vines in the 

 open air is so well known. We understand that the 

 author's intention is to make known a new method of 

 planting and managing Vine?, so as to give the gardener 

 as perfect a command of the roots as he now has of the 



branches. 



Robinia Ulerhartii. — Tin's tree, obtained from a seed 

 planted by M. Uterhart nearly twelve years ago, has a 

 large thick foliage, and its wood is straight and green. 

 Instead of the branches being crooked in the disordeily 

 way of the Robinia, they grow in tiers of whorls, each 

 season of growth producing its shoot and crown of twigs, lt 

 appears to be as vigorous as R. pseud-acacia, if not more 

 so. It has no thorns, and produces beautiful bunches of 

 white flowers. M. Uterhart has propagated it, and can 

 now offer some for sale. — Rev. Iforl., Xov. 1843. — T, 



and the facing of new gravel laid upon it, should remain in that 

 state three or four days, for the gravel to bleach, and not be 

 rolled until it has had a shower of rain upon it. The utility of 

 this plan is. tic gravel becomes washed before it is rolled down, 

 and you have a clean bright walk at all times, instead of one 

 sticking to your feet, and filling into holes in wet weather. This 

 delay caus - a little inconvenience while it is about; but it is 

 fully countei balanced by the excellence of the walks throughout 

 the season. 



Reserve Garden.— Thirds are very troublesome to newly-ger- 

 minating seeds, and where it is inconvenient to cover wLh net- 

 ting, it will be well to sprinkle the beds with sand made wet with 

 spirits of tar. The transplanting of nil autumu-sown annuals 

 should be completed without delay, and > biennials. Prepare 

 a piece of ground for a sowing of the Litter, which must be 

 slightly enriched and dug to a good depth. 



Shrubberies.— Here the work for the season will be finished 

 except atte: ng to newly-planted shrubs and watering them 

 when necessary. Take care that all newly planted trees are 

 properly staked before they begin to make new roots, and mulch 

 them with short grass occasionally when the lawn is mown. 



PU* and Frames.— The bloom of the Hydrangeas, introduced 

 into tne forcing- house in January, will now be advancing. If 

 you have anv doubt of its being blue, water the plants regularly 

 with water impregnated wi'h alum, to the extent of one ounce to 

 every quart, and keep the plants standing in feeders to prevent 

 the loss of water. The plant may be occasionally sprinkled over 

 head with alum-water. The young plants of this season's 

 propagation will now be fit to pot off. Use the third spit loam 

 from Norwood if you can procure it. which is certain to produce 

 blue flower*. 1 intend to pot my plan's Into large 6*')-, and then 

 plant them into a mass of Norwood loam on a slight lmtbed in 

 May. In this way, with a very little trouble, 1 hope to have 

 unusually fine heada of bloom another season. Brompton 



Stocks in po's may be planted oat, surround'ng the wall with 



rich soil, and spring-flowering ten-week varieties may be left 

 unprotected, so as to prepare them for bedding out about tr e 

 middle of April.— \V. P. A. 



Snails 

 eaome. — 



CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 



For the ensuing Week. 



ro 

 on 



«*er ano 7' tr i Ce ° f w,lich the wood was sufficient to 



c «tnb in*o pi 8 B J he(1, and another that he was wont to 



ftfrtree * u,a rdal--.ree in his field, as men climb into a 



• Ahese statements have been sneered at by 



I.— HOTHOUSE, CONSERVATORIES. Sec. 

 In- potting stove and other plants, a distinction should be made 

 between the preparation of the composts for permanent woody 

 plants and for those soft-wooded kinds which arc annually 

 shaken out of pots. Justiciar, Vincas. and some of the Cleroden- 

 drons form part of the latter class. After these are d-nc flower- 

 ing in autumn, they should be close pruned, and left partially 

 dry during winter j in spring the soil should be shaken from their 

 ots, when they are put into sm*!l pots to be shifted Into larger 

 ics as they advance. Thecompostforthispottingshouldbem u!e 



quite fine, in order to let the roots occupy every particle of it in a 

 few month? ; while the compost for permanent woody plants can 

 hardly be too rough. This distinction ought to be borne in 

 mind a: potting-time. A steady heat, not more than 6..°, by fire 

 is now essential, as all the plants are in growth ; and, except on 

 fine days, little air is necessary at this stage, but keep the atmo- 

 sphere moist. 



Cunserriton/.— To keep this house now in perfect order, you 



must go over the plants daily, or at least every other day, and 

 take out such as are beginning to fade. Pick off all dying 

 flowers and leaves, and also distorted flower-buds, or indeed any 

 small or ill arranged flower, which does not look well. Every 

 plant at this season ought to be a gem of its kind, or it is not fit 

 to be brought into the conservatory. Others, however, may be 

 useful for cut flowers to fill glasses, vases, or urns in the draw- 

 ing rooms. Change the plants in sitting-rooms often, if they 

 are worth preserving afterwards. I give very U: tie air to the 

 conservatory at this season ; but for small houses this would 

 not answer SO well, and they should have more air, if only to 



keep down the temperature. 



Greenhouse.— Fuchsias represent that class of greenhouse 

 plants which do best to be shaken out of the pr-ts annually ; 

 but as the strong varieties of them are gross feeders, you miy 

 use a rougher compost for them than is recommended above for 

 Stove plants under the same treatment. When potting Heaths, 

 let me urge on you to try the plan of growing them without 

 pots; there is no more trouble or danger in growing the finest 

 Heaths in this way than there is in growing Rhododendron pon- 

 ticum ; and you may remove them from a frame or bed any day 

 in the year, when they are coming into flower, to be brought in 

 doors, or for any other arrangement. Epacrises may be treated 

 in the same way. Both families here are now in the best of 

 health, and many of them are in bloom in the borders of a con- 

 servatory wall j others of them, treated as above recommended, 



give no trouble. 



Forcing pi's.— Among the many common plants tnat win 

 force may be placed the old Gaziuia pavo:.ia and rigens, or Gor- 

 teria, as we used to call them in our younger diys. Force these 

 exactly a*vou would Strawberries and as near the light, loose 

 who force Roses late in spring will now be getting them in 

 for the first time, and must smoke them almost every week. 

 Experiments are now in progress by some of the great liose- 

 growcrs, which will settle the question as to whether the Dog- 

 rose or the Roursanlt make the best stocks for forcing on. Repot 

 cuttings and seedlings as soon as they are ready, and keep up a 

 sweet growing temperature of about ;o°, and shade every young 

 thing, if it offers to droop under a strong sun. — U. B. 



II.— FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Out-door Department. 

 The fine weather has come upon us so suddenly, that we appear 

 almost on the verge of summer, before the spring has fairly com- 

 menced. All new ground work, such as planting, turflng, etc.. 

 must be finished as expeditiously as possible] and a* soon as all 

 rubbish has been cleared from the borders, grass, Sc, prepare 

 for turning the walk, and making clearer for the season This, 



III. -FLORISTS' FLOWERS. 



A u riru! as.— These flowers are putting en an improved appear- 

 ance; still keep them warm at night by mat c -ring*, and as 

 they arc growing fast, they should have a moderate supply of 

 water. 1 know a very successful Auricn a grower, who waters 

 his plants with a decoction of weeds ami vegetable refuse, and 

 the luxuriance of his plants is astonishing. Poly ant hi .—Last 

 year's seedlings are now throwing up their trusses, and " show- 

 ing their faces." Those which do not come u;> to the maik should 

 either be pulled up, or transplanted for border flowers in the 

 shrubberv or elsewhere. RmwinipfoWaei.— Seed is now coming 

 up fast ; shelter from cutt'm imls, and if any are rooted out of 

 the soil, which so times is the c •, they must be carefully 

 re-Inserted. Where practicable, the main beds, of n med flowers, 

 should be covered with mats, when frost is expected. Carna- 

 i tions. — Potting has commenced in mnny part- of the country, and 

 where the plan's have been brought up hardy, the sooner they 

 are out the better; as a precaution, place a slice of Potato 

 between the layers, if two are planted in a pot, so tha ;ey may 

 have a chance of avoiding destruction, should a tolitsry wire- 

 worm have escaped you. Pinki. — If the directions previously 

 given have been attended to, they will require little else at 

 present. Panties.— Tne beds may be t^p dre-se I with decayed 

 Melon-bed manure, and screened from the prevailing cold wind 

 with Spruce Fir boughs, or other efficient protection. 

 mn«t be trapped, as they begin to be seriously trouble 

 J. F. W. 



IV.-PINERIES, VINERIES, &c. 



Pirtprw.— Having last week recommended the removal of the 

 tan from the sides of the pots if the heat exceeded 95°, I may 

 now add, that the Pine will bear a bottom heat of 9^°. or even 

 100°, without apparent injury, and may even appear to be doing 

 be'ter with that high degree of bottom heat; hut I am satisfied 

 that those plants grown in a bottom heat ,,? from 65° to 90 u will 

 be the best by the end of the season. It is strength and com- 

 pactness in the plants that is so desir \ not only for the sake 

 of appearance, bat they f.re more manageable, and produce 

 finer fruit. Suckers in small pots will require watering often 

 when they begin to root freely ; admit air daily, if only for half 



an hour. ... _,__ 



Vintry.—\~\nes started in October will now be changing 

 colour, and should not be syringed, give air daily, excepting 

 during cold, windy weather. Tne at sphere should now be 

 drier, to give flavour to the fruit. Continue to stop the latcra.s 

 till the fruit is quite done swelling, a'ter which they may be al- 

 lowed to grow at freedom, jn the second house the shoulders 

 of some of the bunches may require lupporting. Vines lately in- 

 troduced into houses where the temperature has to be kept higtt 

 for Pines or other plants, will require much attention to induce 

 ail tbe buds to break. Bend them mos\ just above those buds 

 which arc least prominent. Syringe them o:ten, and that this 

 may be done more effectually, keep them along the front of the 

 house, till all the buds have broken. 



Peach house. -On trees started in the latter end of November, 



the fruit will now be showing; and during this process the tem- 



• • •- - ft — *-° by night. 



er strong 



perature should be kept very regularly at M° or 6j t 

 Tie in the voung shoots often, and continue to stop ov 

 growths, iii order to keep all parts of the tree in an equal state 

 of vigour. If syringing fails to keep down insects, have imme- 

 diate recourse to fumigating. The late house need have no fire, 

 unless the thermometer fall below -ij 3 . . ^—m 



Fir-house,- Fig-trees on which the fru-t is now ripening will 

 require moderate waterings, on account of the se cond crop now 

 appearing. Till the first crop is gathered, keep dowo injects by 

 means of sulphur. 



ripen, after which use clean sott water. 

 Metutu.— Those plants put out in February 



will now require 



though an operation readily pe. formed, is frequently hurried over apply to 3 

 and badly executed. A walk, af;er it has been turned, levelled, little salt 



the back and iront alternately.— G. F. 



V.— HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Finish planting all sorts of fruit-trees as soon as possible. If 

 defen later they will suffer great y, especially if brought from 

 a distance. In such a case the trees, as soon as raised, should 



,ve their roots passed through a puddle of loam and water ; 



otherwise the best fibres are dried npb-forethey are inclosed 



in the package. If nurserymen would sec to this, and seedsmen 



could be brought to act upon the excellent alviceof Mr. Forsyth, 



there would be fewer disappointments.— Sea Kale may now be 



obtained plentifully with little trouble. Where it is wanted early 



in November, a fresh plantation should be made about this time 



every year. The ground should be well manured, and deeply 



trenched. If a stiff clay, add leaf- mould, chalk, sand, or gravel. 



Sow in patches, or rather use one-year old plants, which will or 



strong for forcing next season.— J?Aw4ffrA. — Where this is great!] 



in demand, prepare the ground as ab -ve; divide and plant out 



old roots ; or sow seeds under protection to be planted out in » 



good situation, encouraged during summer, ami lifted for rorc- 



ing next wintcr.-A^, us.-A trench may be cut bj ^tbe swes 



of a bed in the open groan I, and filled with Ikwa^JgJ 



to forward some to succeed those in frames. It U a gam pxan 



to have several beds surrounded with ****£^™^ jg! 



purpose, provided with wooden covers ,lae same r ^ ar ^ WI1 ^ 



Im to to Rhubarb and Sea Kale). Sprinkle all the bed » wtW J 



be 

 v 



R 5?^i"lnV n ir^-ion ifintervaU. StimolooU and 



