THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



215 



rom 



llection were 



4 Otftfiuin ^/f,' rce New Holland ihrub, which 



i*^*$X&™^> and v r rr kably r ee 



hu • S^ c T J uZL platyptera ; Epidendrum aloe- 

 ^ jj£ Koe?olii P «d Dendrobium c*rules- 



folium 



itU 



^TlSfU and Mm 



blossom. A certificate was awarded 



-Mr. Ivery,of Feck- 

 for the "'"77" " n seedling Cinerarias, and a plant 

 ** eihlb vUophila discoidalis.-From Mr. Lee, gr. 

 * ?%T E«a wm a Cucumber which measured 21* 

 to P. Pole »J^J the garden f the Society were the 

 inches long. cac j a hispidissima, Boronia auemone- 



foUowing plants. • Columnea Schiedeana, 



f ° Ua ,' Beg t ie P U0f Oucidium ampliatum, Acanthophip- 

 *' wJninr with curious yellow cupped blossoms, and 

 VT t rcsea a greenhouse plant remarkable for its 

 P It red leaves that are more conspicuous than the 

 S^r. which are of the same colour. It was sent to the 

 IS by Mr. Hart*eg,from Mexico. It is not impatient 

 % rod having been sometimes exposed to a temperature 

 low 'as 3d ; it will also, on the contrary, stand any 

 Amount of sun-light, and it keeps in bloom during the whole 

 winter so that it is a very useful plant for many purposes. 

 With these was a flower of AristolochiaGigas or * Pilate s 

 nkhtcap;" a twining stove plant, which bears singular 

 Unrt concave blossoms hating considerable resemblance 

 to those of A. foetens, but much larger, and assuming more 

 the appearauce of a cap. 



JJUbietos. 



Geology; Introductory, Descriptive, and Practical. By 

 D. T. Ansted, M.A. 8vo. Van Voorst, London. 



As far as we can judge from a single Number of 128 

 pages, this promises to be a useful work for the Geological 

 student. The language is clear and simple, and the illus- 

 trations selected with judgment. 



In describing the various conditions through which the 

 crust of the earth has successively passed, the Author 

 commences with the rocks in which the Geologist discovers 

 the remains of extinct animals or plants, and he proposes 

 to notice such formations in the order of their stratifica- 

 tion, — thatis to say of their antiquity, — deferring to a future 

 part of his work the examination of those most ancient 

 rocks which preceded the appearance of living things, 

 and from the destruction of which the later rocks proceeded. 

 We cannot at present judge how far this plan will prove 

 judicious ; at first sight it is open to obvious objections. 



There is one point, however, in which Mr. Ansted seems 

 clearly to have committed an oversight. At his 54th page 

 he adverts to the importance of the statement that " fossils 

 •re characteristic of formations," an assertion which 

 supposes " a degree of perfection in the application of 

 Zoology and Botany to such fragmentary portions of 

 structure, that the reader may fairly require some account 

 of the successive steps by which the result was at length 

 reached, and a connected view of the nature of the 

 argument that has led to conclusions which, however 

 viewed, are so exceedingly remarkable." And then he 

 proceeds to give that account. But after sketching the 

 nature of this kind of investigation in Zoology, he passes 

 over the equally important and more difficult inquiry of 

 the Botanist, with a short assurance that he will have some 

 observations hereafter to make upon that subject. This 

 "to us, we confess, a puzzle; if it was necessary to 

 introduce nt an early period of the work, a sketch of Fossil 

 £oolo-y n was equally important with respect to Fossil 

 sotany, for plants and animals were coeval. This may to 

 wme appear like cavilling ; but we have been too long 

 snwems of Nature not to feel the paramount importance 



1 good arrangements, and the excessive inconvenience of 



a wll 1 ; and we sbould be 8on 7 t0 see so popular 

 nai^Y -,° f Mr ' Ansted Poises to become, im- 

 paired in usefulness by inattention to such points. 



of i>rl£ t ?u 0t isS the Part before us without a word 



comhmpH t P , nnter and wood-engraver, who have each 

 bT thesl J v der Mr " Ansted '* work worthy of a place 

 ■ffit n? H Yarrell ' S " Fishes '" Nor should we omit a 

 F °' this purnol th0, ;' S m ° tle ° f treatl °S his sub J ect - 



m ^safeircSal e H Ct - the ( ? n °™* P assa S e —' * 

 "rinr the r J 1 introductory chapters by as- 



riesof PalJnT. tf with re & ard to the various discove- 

 «»d all sunZT^ 7 ' they a11 s P eak the same language, 

 <*der of Jcces il ^ ar ° ument i ™ rad y . that, ill the 

 b les which ha e s ? ecies of animals or vegeta- 



in the comnnv preceded ma *i upon the earth, as well as 

 fo «nd entomh h ? f the various strata »n which they are 

 *** of princint r T Y be traCed ' throu g hout > 



tain its fertilizing power, provided the minute globules of 

 which its masses are composed are not crushed by too 

 great pressure. If there be a limit, it will be for experi- 

 ment to ascertain. I believe the preservation of pollen 

 between glasses is worthy of trial. The subject of the 

 above statements is not new, for artificial fertilization 

 has been long since practised on a large scale. But it is 

 so poweiful an agent in the hands of the horticulturist, 

 that nothing which tends to render it more common can 

 be considered unimportant. — Rogonnot Godefroy, in the 

 Revue Horticolc, for Sept. 11, 1843-11 



Upon comparing it with wild specimens of the genus, it appears 1 concave glasses, as is done with vaccine matter. No limits 

 to be identical with the plant that is found about Canton, and caQ be ass i gne a to the time during which pollen will re- 

 which is probably the Q. mdica of Loureiro. We presume it to ° a * 



be of the same nature as the true Quisqualis indica. That plant 

 is a stove climber, requiring to be potted in sandy loam and 

 peat, mixed with a few pieces of potsherd?. In summer an 

 ample supply of water should be given to its roots, and it should 

 be syrinced over head once or twice a day, as the weather' per- 

 mits, taking care always to have the plant dry before night; and 

 the house, when air is given, shut up early rn the afternoon, to 

 retain as much sun heat as possible. During the growing season 

 the temperature should average 60° by day, and 6S° by night ; 

 but in winter it should never rise above 6u° with fire heat. The 

 plant may be propagated by cuttings under ordinary treatment. — 

 Botanical Register. 



Bolbophvllum MACRAVTHUM.— Large-flowered Bolbophyl- 

 lum.— (Stove Epiphyte.) — Orchidacese.— GynandriaMonandria.— 

 This singular plant was imported by Messrs. Loddiges from 

 Sincapore, and is closely allied to both B.leopardinumand affine. 

 From each it differs in its much more fleshy and larger flowers, 

 whose stalk is considerably longer than the petiole. The flowers 

 appear in March, and expand so flat tuat they seem as if they 

 had been pressed between paper. In the centre they are a pale 

 lemon colour, but towards the tips they are much mottled with 

 dark chocolate-coloured spots. Like the rest of the genus, it 

 succeeds best when tied to a block of wood, and suspended to a 

 rafter in a moist stove. If the wood is charred enough to burn 

 off the bark, the block will be found to answer the purpose much 

 better, and all insects that harbour about it will be destroyed. 

 In summer the plant should receive water twice a-day at least, 

 and the temperature should be kept about 80° by day, and 68° at 

 night. In winter for a few weeks very little water will be re- 

 quired, only as much as to keep the pseudo bulbs from shrivel- 

 ing. The temperature then should never be raised above 50° or 

 55° with fire-heat.— Botanical Register. 



principle, acting by aQ infinUe w - ° f me 

 yscem, perfectly symmetrical and beautiful, 



an 



eans : 

 and 



tad one 



fom tVfi P !fn ry e k raer S en cy» has been invariably pursued 



ttttfar diit«nf •° n J ° f or « anised bein 6 s tiU no * r - From 

 listed onlv P r e ?u " hen the inh **>itants of the earth 

 throughout th P a C ° ral animalcu le and the mollusc, 

 organisation u ?? , Production of animals of higher 



endowed with ^ ' 11 day when man was created > and 

 a Ppreciati n£ r \h* . ln * el . lcct ca P*ble of comprehending and 



* U * * creation tha^f ^T dis P la y* d in the S reat 

 tolling itself , "?.; F* n has beeQ the same ; gradually 



Weald** 1 * UUtl1 fu ^ developed i tt all its extent and 



NOTICES ok new PLANTS WHIfJ H ARE EITHER 

 **«*„. siv ° R OR >' T ^MENTAL. 



Combetaceae. Decandr'ia S h,nese Quisqualis. {Stove Climber). 

 2 ^ H ortic5?wi a ^° n °5>-^a.-Thi s plant was exhibited 

 ^ Pince, and Co *!f I?? ljr ln Jul y- ^41, by Mosrs. Lu- 



Miscellaneous. 



Botanical News.— We learn with great pleasure that 

 Mr. Harvey has been appointed Curator of the Herbarium 

 of Trinity College, Dublin ; and that he is about to make 

 public the valuable Californian and Mexican plants of the 

 late Dr. Coulter, which are preserved there. Dr. George 

 James Allraan has been elected Professor of Botany in 

 the same College. We are also able to state that Govern- 

 ment has given the sum of one thousand pounds towards 

 defraying the expenses of .publishing the Botanical col- 

 lections made by Dr. Joseph Hooker in the late Antarctic 

 voyage, and that the work will soon appear in quarto. The 

 drawings which we have seen are really beautiful. 



Artificial Fertilisation. — The attention of every friend 

 of Horticultural science ought to be directed to a very 

 interesting fact, which I have recently had an opportunity 

 of observing in the course of a Horticultural tour in 

 Belgium. In the clima'e of Paris, it is known that only 

 a small number of species and varieties of the Camellia 

 perfect their seeds. Those which commonly do so are 

 the C. carnea, and a few species with semi-double flowers. 

 I have thought, with other Horticulturists, that the diffi- 

 culty in obtaining ripe fruit from the Camellia was 

 attributable to the low temperature of the climate of 

 Paris ; and I was, moreover, inclined to entertain this 

 opinion, from observing that the greater part of new 

 varieties were from seeds ripened in Italy and sown in 

 France. I was then very much astonished at seeing in 

 Belgium all kinds of Camellias, almost of all ages, some 

 only three years from the graft, bending under the weight 

 of fruit with which they were loaded, as a Paradise 

 Apple-tree is loaded with Apples in a favourable season. 

 I formed the idea that this was to be attributed to artificial 

 fertilisation ; and in this I was confirmed by the following 

 details, with which I have been favoured through the 

 kindness of M. Haquin, a distinguished Horticulturist, at 

 Liege. During three years in whic'i M. Haquin has 

 practised artificial fertilisation, he has only collected 

 seeds of single-flowered Camellias, and preferred sow- 

 ing but a few of the best seed. In the first season, 

 out of 212 seeds, 146 grew; and, in the second, 188 

 plants were obtained from 294 seeds. In the present 

 season the number of fruits on 

 as under : — > 



W,«^"tt« tteW ' »>»o .tated that it is a mor. 

 ImrZ for cultivation in 1 ♦ lndlCa > aml therefore more de- 

 flo£2 er le * ve * an<l branch^' u ™«*fettly differs iu »U 

 no *«». which are, B ^ V J • ' , and In the lar * er si " of its 



9 reovcr > of * much deeper Rose-colour. 



the following varieties is 



Camellia carnea 



Doukelaerii 



King 



Press's eclipse 



Lady Henrietta 



marmorata 



punctata • • 



Campbellii 



Waratah • • 



Ciiviana » « 



variecata striata 



Loridigea' conspicua 



picturata 



nobilissima 



Weimani 



99 



M 



99 



99 



99 



99 



99 



99 



99 



9» 



99 



3 Plants 



2 



1 

 1 

 1 

 1 

 1 



1 

 1 

 1 

 1 

 1 

 1 

 I 

 2 



99 

 99 



99 

 99 



99 



99 



>9 



99 



99 



99 



19 



99 



99 



99 



96 Fruits 

 is 

 3 



4 

 1 



9 



1 

 2 



11 



1 

 6 



2 



1 



3 



10 



99 

 99 



99 

 99 



99 



t9 



9» 



99 



99 



19 



99 



99 



9» 



99 



19 



163 



The fruit of the Camellia generally contains 7 or 8 seeds, 

 and occasionally as many as 10. M. Haquin may, there- 

 fore, estimate his saving of this year at not less than 672 

 seeds, reckoning at the rate of 4 *eeds in each fruit ; this 

 result promises for the ensuing year an important addition 

 to a collection already rich in young plants. It is certain 

 that the greater part of the»e Camellias would not have 

 fruited, if their blossoms had not been artificially fertilized. 

 The mode by which M. Haquin has effected hybridization 

 is trulv intere^ing. Many Azaleas have been fertilized 

 with pollen kept tor 6 weeks; that of Camellias has been 

 employed successfully after having been kept 05 days. 

 Fertile* seeds of Lilies have been obtained from the ap- 

 plication of pollen which had been saved 4S days. During 

 the last flowering season of Camellias, M. Haquin col- 

 lected pollen with which he intends hybridizing in the 

 ensuing year. The following are some details of his pro- 

 cedure. The stamens are taken out just before their 

 anthers begin to open; they are immediately wrapt in 

 sized paper, and laid in a warm place for 24 hours, by 

 which time the pollen separates from the stamens. It is 

 then collected and inclosed in thin sheet-lead, and kept in 

 a cool, dry place. I think the preservation would be 



CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 



For the rnsHins? Week. 



I.— HOTHOUSE, CONSERVATORIES, &c. 

 No opportunity should now be lost to pot all plants that re- 

 quire shifting. Plants that have been growing for some weeks, 

 particularly young ones, will now require to be stopped, more or 

 less, iu order to make them bu*hy. Never make use of a stick, 

 to give form to a plant that cm be managed by pruning or 

 stopping. Many plants will require to be slightly shaded in the 

 middle of the day, but this should be removed early. Use the 

 syringe every day the sun is out strong; he cautious in watering 

 newly potted plants, and guard againKt insects. 



Conservatory.— Roses and all scented flower* that retam their 

 sweetness after drying, should be gathered as they begin to fade, 

 and carefully dried at this early season ; these, if placed here and 

 there through the rooms, will be better liked by many persons 

 than fre^h flowers. Orange trees require particular attention 

 when thev are making their young wood ; stop luxuriant shoots 

 at the fourth or fifth Joint; no one part of the head should be 

 allowed to grow stronger than the rest \ young trees may require 

 some of their stronger branches to be tied down for a time, 

 which will strengthen the others. Forced Rhododendrons and 

 Azaleas are the best from which to obtain hybrids ; this is a good 

 season for crossing them. Climbers for this house should soon 

 be planted, if additions are to be made to them this season, and 

 see that the young growths of the old ones do not get entangled 



for want of training. 



Greenhouse.— Plants in this house will require all the air that 

 can be given them, and they will be liable to get very dry on 

 that account; water them late in the afternoon, and damp the 

 paths and all empty spaces freely ; give them besides a gentle 

 syringing three or tour times a week, when the weather is fine. 

 Tnese plants require constant attention now to stopping and 



regulating their growth. 



Forcing -pits.— As these pits are the last places for spring pro- 

 pngation, and as this work does not admit of large portions of 

 air being given, they BUM be regularly shaded in hot dry- 

 weather— thin bunting or calico should be used for this purpose, 

 mats darken too much. Remove Roses and other plants as soon 

 as their first blooms are ready to open. To get handsome plants 

 of the different hardy shrubs for future forcing, cut down some 

 of them now in the shrubberies; the strong shoots from the 

 stools may be layered in summer, and with a little nursing they 

 will soon make far better p'ants than older ones.— 1). B. 

 1I.-FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Out-door Depart inent. 

 Newly planted trees and s.irubs will require strict attention in 

 regard to water, as they already indicate the want of it. It is 

 better to give them a thorough soaking at once, than to give 

 them a little water, frequently repeated ; and after the surface 

 of the ground is dry, fork or hoe it over, and then mulch with 

 short grass, to prevent the evaporation of moisture. The same 

 remarks apply to newly planted annuals, which must be shaded 

 as well as watered. Turf, which lias been recently laid down, 

 requires strict attention. It will be a good plan, after giving it 

 a g«od soaking of water, to dress it over with old tan, or leaf- 

 mould, and then shade it by covering the ground with pea-sticks, 

 or any refuse branches that may be laying about. Get in a 

 successional crop of Sweet Peas, and any other Aunuals that 

 were sown early in the year. Sow Ten-week Stocks for trans- 

 planting. The finer kinds of Gladioluses which have been brought 

 forward in pots, may now be planted out, giving them a deep, • 

 rich, and well-drained soil ; but it will be as well to protect them 

 by an inverted pot at night, until all danger of trust is over. 

 Attend to covering half-hardy shrubs aud trees, or, as the sap- 

 is moving, one night's sharp frost, which we are not unlikely to 

 have, will undo all that you have done in the way of acclimatia- 



10 Fits and Frames.— Proceed with the potting off all plants for 

 bedding out; those which have become established and hard- 

 ened may be removed into temporary pits, and covered with mats. 

 Some neat and very convenient permanent structures for pro- 

 tecting plants in small pots, may be seen in the nursery of Mr. 

 Rivers. They consist of pits three feet wide, formed of large 

 paving tiles, placed on edge a"d cemented together, they may be 

 covered either with shutters, mats, or a large tarpaulmg to cover 

 five or six ranges. Where flower-gardening is extensively prac- 

 tised, 500 or 600 feet of pits of this kuid would be invaluable, and 

 would not be verv expensive.— IV. P. A. 



III.-FLORISTS- FLOWERS. 

 Auricula*.— As the consummation of the Florist's hopes-a 

 good and general bloom ot this favourite flower -is now rapidly 

 approaching, his eon Stunt attention to their various wants, such 

 as shading trom the mid day sun, watering, &c. &c, is impera- 

 tive. As the trusts rise, the plant will sometimes produce two, 

 should there be more hearts than one; in this case it is best to 

 remove the weaker, and with a sharp- pointed pair of small 

 scissors thin out mis-shapen buds from the centre of the truss.leave 

 it so that the best may have room to expand freely and equally. 

 It is highlv important just now that the pots should never be 

 allowed to' get too drv , though indiicnnumtte watering must 

 he avoided. Tulips.-The late tine weather has brought these 

 flowers on fasr, a.ul they are looking unusually well throughout 

 the country ; some growers, however, complain of many ol their 

 bulbs missing bloom having only pat up a single leaf. 

 The beds mu^ be kept free from weeds, and the surface loose. 

 polyanthvseu. — These usually flower at the same time as 

 the Auricula, or perhaps rather earlier. Plants on the border 

 must have their trusses shaded with small boards, or other 

 covers as some ot the varieties are apt to have the lace 

 or edging of the flowers "blanched" by too much sun. Plants 

 in flower may be taken Op with a ball of soil, and potted, with 

 perfect safety, for exhibition. Snails are very apt to mount the 

 stems, and eat out the thrums, leaving their slimy track as a 

 proof of their delinquency. Ranunculuses.— Seedlings may now 

 have plenty of air and morning sun, but never let them get 

 thoroughly "draughted." Frames covered with calico coated 

 with some transparent composition, will doubtless answer 

 admirubly for their protection. FfaAfc—Tbt late dry weather 

 has been anything but congenial to spring-formed beds, and 

 unless shaded, watered, and well attended to. they will suffer 

 materially. Carnations. — Pottiog-out should now P roc ^ 

 rapidly. Well drain the pots, putting a little moss °Yf r ™ e 

 broken tiles, cinders, pot, or whatever may be used for tni8pu«- 

 pose, that the soil may not run in aud prevent the fr * e o e fyJ^Jj 

 water: fill with compost, and, according to the •«•*"/ to 

 pots, place one or two layers, giving them a 8*ntle water 1111. w 

 settle the soil; after which, place them m tue shade tor a lew 



days.-/. F. W. IES VINE RIES, &c. 





\ 



rendered more perfect by placing the pollen between two quently looked over this flue weather. OH 



