216 



THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE. 



[Apr. p, 



We«k ending April 13, 1844. 



April 



Sun. 7 

 Mon. 8 

 Tuei. 9 

 »Ved. 10 

 Thur.ll 

 Fri. 1* 

 Sat. 13 



Aver. 



Highest 



T«mp. 



57 4 

 55.7 

 54.3 



548 

 54.9 

 53.8 

 53.0 



Arer. 



Lowett 



Temp. 



379 



37 5 



3i 

 34. « 

 35.8 

 375 

 a 5.5 



Mean 



Temp 



No. *f 



Venn in 



which it 



Rained. 



Greatest 



quantity 

 of Rain. K 



| Prevail ing W jiuU 



.(■Lb J f~ 



<7.e 



466 

 45.5 



«7 



45.3 



456 

 457 



I 



6 

 8 

 6 

 8 



11 



4 



0.40 in. 



0.30 



1.31 

 026 

 0.51 

 0.56 

 0.12 



2 

 1 



3 



1 

 2 



Z 



!' 



2 



3 



4 



4 



5 



/. 



2 



4 

 5 



4 1 

 2 1 

 3- 



1 



r. 



1 



3 

 3 



1 



1 

 Q 



1 



7 

 3 

 3 



3 

 6 



2 

 3 

 ! 

 3 



1 

 4 - 



3 



3 i 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 8th. 1830 

 —therm. 70« ; and the lowest on ih« llth F J843— rh«rm. ftp. 



State of the Weather near London for the week ending April 4, 1844, aa 



observed at the Hurticultural Garden, Chiswick. 



^B ■ A 



Moon's 



M ar. 



Age. 



Kri. 29 



10 



Sat. 30 



11 



Sun. 31 



12* 



April J 



113| 



Tues. 2 



M 



Wed. 3 



• o 



Thurs. 4 



18 



Avt'raK*' 



B 



AROMKTFR, 



Ma a. 



30 505 

 30.373 



30 235 

 30 223 



30.130 

 89.830 



29.034 



30. 13 A 



M in. 

 30.4*1 



3o. a a 



80.159 

 30.170 

 ¥9.970 



29-704 

 29.588 



Tftrhmomrtkr. 



M 



6.1 



57 

 60 



us 

 71 



72 



n 



Win. 



.M ean. 



37 



500 



40 



48.5 



33 



49.0 



20 



47-0 



99 



505 



32 



52.0 



38 



63.0 



&?'045 rj>.3 34.7 



50.0 



Wind. 



Rain. 



E. 



N.E. 





E. 





N.E. 





S W. 





SW. 





SYV. 





.00 



March 29th Dense ft>%; dry haze : ov«rca;t 



80th Dry easterly haze; fine; overcast at night 

 n 31 " 1 ^'ghthaze i exceedingly clear and fine ; foggy 

 April 1-t Fo KK y ; dry haze ; fine; clear and fine at nij<ht 

 N SJight frost early a.m. J yery fine; clear and mild 

 3d Fine; very dry air ; clear and fine at night 

 4th Very fine throughout 

 Mean ten.p»rature of the w.ek, 5.2 deg. above the average. 



quiring - it ; bat do not give any till they require SO much as to State of the Weather at Chi.wick rinrinethe last 13 years, tot the ensuing 



■wet the soil thoroughly. You will by this course avoid —- «- - 



the evil of having the soil soddened ; a thing certain to occur to 

 some, if water is given whenever the surface appears dry with- 

 out examining the state of the soil below; the plants being 

 plunged, the soil in the pots is often sufficiently moist when the 

 surface appears dry. Liquid manure will greatly benefit the 

 plants in fruit, and those for autumn and winter-fruiting, as 

 soon as they are known to be rooting freely. 



Vinery.— The utmost attentiou must be paid to timely thin- 

 ning the bunches of Grapes, stopping laterals, and tying in the 

 leading shoots, also the spurs or bearing shoots. Give air early 

 on clear mornings, that the leaves of the Vines may be dry be- 

 fore the sun comes full upon the houses. The T«-kay and Can- 

 non Hall Vines require shading in very bright sunshine, as the 

 foliage of the former is liable to be scorched, and the fruit of the 

 latter to acquire a scalded appearauce : thin bunting would be 

 very suitable for the purpose. 



Peach House — Give plenty of water to trees swelling their 

 fruit. 1 find that the syringe keeps the trees perfectly c:ean of 

 aphides ; and tobacco water banishes from the trees or destroys 

 the thrips. The late house should now be kept at 50° by night, 

 and have air admitted from 9 iu the morning till 5 in the after- 

 noon during mild weather. 



Fig-House. — Figs lately commenced growing should have 

 plenty of water. Continue to stop the lateral shoots of trees 

 more advanced, above the second or third leaf. Give plenty of air 

 when the atmosphere is clear and warm, to keep the large and 

 numerous leaves of the Flf la a healthy state. 



Melons. — It the Persian Melons, planted out early, have been 

 shaded from the sun, it will be proper to discontinue it by de- 

 grees, till dispensed with altogether. Avoid wetting the foliage 

 after the shoots bepin to grow freely, ami endeavour to induce a 

 firmness of texture in all parts of the plants. Wheu the sun is 

 bright and much air admitted, keep water in the vapour troughs 

 •nd sprinkle the soil lightly ; but in dull weather keep a drier 

 atmosphere.— O. F. [In last week's Calendar in Peach-trees, 

 read "stoning" instead of "showing."] 



V.— HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN-GARDEN. 



Strawberries —In cold exposed situations, plantations made 

 now from plants, pricked out thinly la»t autumn in a sheltered 

 situation, will succeed better if transplanted with balls, than if 

 the plantation had been made in the autumn. The ground 

 should previously be well trenched and manured, as no spade 

 ought iu future to be inserted amongst them, until it is neces- 

 sary to dig them down. A plantation will stand, and produce 

 plentifully many years, if, after bearing every season, the beds 

 are thinned out, so that those left will have their leaves fully ex- 

 posed to sun and air. Unless for new kinds, there is no method 

 of making fresh plantations comparable to that of turning out 

 those forced in pots. By this method I prolong the Strawberry 

 season until frosty nights set in, and the same plants produce 

 plentifully the following June. 



Turnips and Radishes.— Sow on a warm border. If sown in 

 alternate rows, the Kauishes will be pulled out of the way of the 

 Turnip*. To have the latter j u icy and sweet, sow every fortnight 

 until August. The Snowball is an excellent early variety. 

 Follow with the wnite Dutch, which is the most general favourite 

 with the artistes of the kitchen. Beans and Peus.— Earth up and 

 stake if necessary forward crops, and keep sowing successions 

 of the Windsor Beans, and the Marrows and other large Peas. 

 The Victoria Marrow is an excellent Pea, considerably earlier 

 but not so good a bearer as Knight's tall or dwarf Marrow. The 

 new sorts will be sufficiently tested this season. Kidney Beam. 

 ~8ow a few of the early Negro or Palmer's Forcing on a warm 

 border ; also a number of pots to be placed on a slight hot-bed, 

 to be gradually hardened and turned out when all danger from 

 frost is over. The frames aud glasses used for forwarding Cauli- 

 flowers, Sec, will now be useful for Beans, Tomatoes. Capsicums, 

 Cucumbers, &c. Routine.— Stir the soil among all advancing 

 crops, earth up Cabbages, water Cauliflowers. Keep the Dutch 

 hoe in motion during this fine weather, which will not only prove 

 hostile to all springing weeds, but prevent vour ground getting 

 cry and cracked from rapid evaporation.— R. F. 



VI.— ARBORICULTURE. 



Old Woods.— Should now be gone through, to fix upon and 

 mark what Oak-trees, or others required for the bark, should be 

 cut down before the peeling season commences. The same 

 should be done with resinous trees ; now is the best time to fell 

 such trees, when the sap begins to flow. 



Coppice.— The cutting of p les, corfrods, rods for watling, or 

 other purposes, may now be proceeded with. This is the best 

 season for such work where a vigorous succession crop is required. 

 Birch should be Je't until it is further advanced, in order to are- 

 vent injury from bleeding. 



Young Plantations. -All planting for this season, where not pre- 

 viously completed, should be finished as »oon as possible. The 

 planting of evergreens is generally recommenced to be done in 

 April or May, but I would prefer October and November. AH 

 works formerly recommended should be completed as soon as 

 convenient, such as thinning, weeding, hoeing, and fastening 

 newly-planted trees. Training, shortening, and removing some 

 or the strongest and too numerous side brauches. may be 



1 

 1 

 1 

 1 



4 



love a rich free soil-even such a manure a* »»,. — — - 



in blood. They will, however, nVver thrive umT* 1 8o **«i 

 kept warm at their roots, and have plenty of ronrnT they ** 

 Peat, loam and sand, equal par ts, form a soil Z ^J*****. 



Gladiolus. Rhodon.-Thrce or four cwt per Tc t ^V «* 



guano will probably be sufficient for your Rosp. ofPo «er , i 

 however, know what the maximum quantity \%\w? d ° n «. 

 advantageously used. Much, moreover, must dVn. ?** ** 



condition of your land. M. A. J3.-Use Potter-? nd °° 



top-dressing, and prick it in. As far as • 8:uano 



our experience 



the 



ass 



?oes.ii 



suits everything; but we have not seen it tried on r - ' 

 plants. A good companion for a Petunia in a vaJ *? n ! fer °~ 

 Purple Salpiglottis , or. if you cannot get it on- «7?u * * * 



purple Verbenas. H. C.-Mixlime with y OU *„,, * e *»« 



you perceive strong ammoniacal fumes, it is M oh,hi ,IBdif 

 There is no certainty about it. however, without carVf . * 0o(U 

 lysis. The African guano is said to be eood • but if if * na * 



put it in the sun to dry, and weigh it afterward, tL 8 J H* 



ence will be the water. J. A.-lt is worth titfJih??" 



water from gas-works would improve refuse hair 7?" 



no experience with it. Guidenet.-The superphosnh.u , 



lime, or Potter's guano, rather than the Peruvian V ? f 

 them as a top-dressing; just fork them in, and leav-P Vh Pp 7 

 to the weather, unless it should remain very drv • u** 

 case it will be necessary to water the border. Annivl?!? 

 rate of 4 cwt. per acre. A PPlyattbe 



Names ok Fruits.— J. Waldron.— Dumelow's Seedlintr » 

 Oaks.— R. F. may prune Oaks and Beeches now M, n. J( 

 ning.Tumham Green. Mr.Glendln- 



Orangks.— J. A.— Your Oranges drop their blossom, k 

 their roots are too cold. °<°ssoros because 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Books.— A Bachelor.— Bevan on the Honey Bee. Rusticus. 



— Mangles's Floral Calendar; apply to the booksellers. 

 Charcoal.— Beginner.— Prepare it from the softest wood you 



can get. Possibly your Pines are over-watered, without beine 



enough exposed to light. . 



Conservatory.— T. J.-a span-roof by all means, and if pos- 

 sible, running norrh and south. Glaze with the largest panes 

 of sheet glass, if you do not mind the expense, and heat it by 

 hot- water pipes, cast with evaporating pans. Brick water- 

 gutters will not answer for a conservatory in winter Have a 

 tank inside in which you can keep water of the same tempera- 

 ture as the air of the house. Such a tank may be fed with the 

 ram that falls on the roof. 



CARVATioNS.-I,/;m4o -These, Picotees, and Pinks will grow in 

 almost any kind of soil; but they do best in a light rich 

 mould, consisting of old turf, well-decayed dung, leaf-mould, 

 and sand. For their management, see to-day's Calendar.i 



Crocuses -IM^i -Both these and Snowdrops like a warm, dry, 

 light soil, m which they will thrive for many years without 

 requiring removal. Both are, however, better for being taken 

 up occasionally, because in that way their roots are exposed 

 to fresh soil, and are not obliged to search through exhausted 

 earth fur their necessary food. They are fond of cow-dung as a 

 manure; it may be applied just after Christmas. Transplants 

 Evergreens in November if you can, and when the weather is 

 wet. The worst of all times is the spring, when the easterly 

 winds prevail. * 



Evrrorkkn BRECHES.-P«m.-It is true that the Evergreen 

 Beeches have been lately received, in a living state, by Sir W 

 Hooker, at Kew There has not, however, been as yet any 

 multiplication of these rare plants, which are seedlings. It is 

 hardly to be expected that they will be hardy in those parts of 

 Europe where the cold is intense in winter. 



Fou-ntains.-.V. C. M.-\ should recommend the supply-pipe to 

 be six inches diameter in the bore, where the ground falls 

 rapidly; four inches in the level part, and three inches in the 

 KJ' h wh ' ch h ascends to the fountain. The six-inch pipes 

 should be of half-inch metal, and the others three-eighths of 



ttn i n u ; } he . len S ths m *r be uni ted by flange joints, but turned 

 and bored joints are more secure and lasting. The nozzle 

 should be made of brass, trumpet-shaped, and the orifice one 

 inch in diameter The supply-pipe must be kneed from the 

 level to the upright pos.tion, with a flange to unite to that on 

 the bottom of the nozzle. It will be found advisable to try the 

 effect by wooden nozzles, of various sized orifices, before the 

 permanent one is made. The small pipes which are to supply 

 the house and offices should, at their junction with the main 



con- 



tinued through this and the next mouth. 



Hedge-rows.— Young trees in old hedges, should be relieved 

 from the encroachment of Thorns, Briars, Hazels, &c. ; in order 

 to encourage side branches, they should be trained to one 

 upright leader. Remove the strongest side bianches,and shorten 

 some of the moderate-sized ones, to prevent them from gettiu- 

 too large previous to their final removal. 



Nursery Work.-Sow, that the weather seems settled, this 

 should be a busy time in this department; sow seeds, nuts, 

 kernels, &c.; plaut tut seedling* and other sm&ll plants, but 

 take great care not to allow the small tender fibres to get dry alter 

 the plants are taken up ; it would be a safe way to have a bucket 

 with a puddle made of cow-dung, mixed with a little loam or 

 clay, to put their roots into before planting, or while the operation 

 is going on. — IF. B. 



Vir.— COTTAGER'S CALENDAR. 

 This spring having been cold and wet, everything is later than 

 usual. In the meantime, during these sunny days, prepare for 

 the main crops of Carrots and Parsnips, so as to get them in when 

 the ground is dry. Both of these like a deep rich soil, and if 

 it is of a light nature, it is the more suitable for their long taper- 

 ing roots, rhey should follow a crop for which the ground was 

 ?^r° U * J7\ manured; for if manure is applied in spring the 

 roots will be forked and wormy wherever they come in con tact 



than krZtr^V 'T^ f Creater dUtan « between the rows 



inlrV JS?Liis.sr T s 10u ^ be sown in «ri»« "om 15 to 18 inches 

 apart, and about an inch deep. The seeds being smooth do not 



require to be mixed with soil like Carrots , but in every other 



do« y e ST Ta7 mnrr^ ^t J*?** cro »». where " can b« 

 thi ^ntirm?5i.S «>"«»«* than sowing broadcast, as 



the intermediate spaces can be easily cleaned and stirred up 

 which is of great benefit to the plants. A aowine of BeawmS 

 now be made. If the first sown Peas are not alfeady .uke? it 

 should be done without delay ; if they are not sufficiently earthed 

 up, draw a little more to them before staking them. Sow some 

 to come in 111 succession, four feet ap>.rt, to make room for 



treating of fountains, which would afford : inform S^p'pM Jable 



to the case in question.— Joseph Ponton. T J im p 



Next week if pos-ible. A ' r '~~ 



south aspect, outside :— Cherries, -2 May Duke- 1 KniirhH. 

 Early Black; Plums. 1 Royale Hative; 2 Green . Gage?? ifSe'I 



S M n iJ? r ° P : Gl ° U - *<*<*** I anti Beurre Ranee Pears , and 

 the Mulberry you wish to have. For east and west aspects •- 



The Royal, Orange, Roman, and Moo, park Apricots; Plums 

 1 Kirke's 2 Purple Gage ; Pears, 4 Winter Nells, 4 HacoT's 

 Incomparable, 2 Marie-Louise, 2 Passe Colmar. 2 Glout Mor! 

 ceau, 1 Thompson's. 2 Easter Beurre, 2 Knight's Monarch 

 Cherries, 2 Elton, 2 Florence. U 6 ^onarcn, 



Graktixo -J. Jeffrey —One year old wood of the Purnle 



S: ? **"*" *"Y certainty. Two years' old wood 

 will never fail; we have not tried three years' old wood 



Insects.-/. T^A-.-The Cucumber-lea. was so cruThed that it 

 was impossible to examine it. I should feel obliged by havin. 

 a fresh leaf, with some of the little beetles upon if, and as ma v 

 as you can conveniently .end in a pill-box. Say also « what 

 period of the day, or night, they are eating the l.af%„«! there 

 be any season when they are more abunnfnt than at presii ?. A 

 -- A Begxnner.-OU Cabbage leaves laid in your Mushroom 

 beds will attract the woodlice. when they may be co ectTd 



called Oniscu. murarius; ki.l the m "bTS? moTes'LZ^ 

 recommended. fi.--J/ «mo^.-Fumigating with tobacco 

 will, in all probability destroy the red insects ; but wm U8 

 beg of our correspondents to transmit specimens without 

 which it is impossible to give satisfactory answers R-l 

 J. C. A. -The foliage of your Fuchsias is undoubted v eaten 



"- — —J , .. Ukli£lll 3 III SmJOl] 



8011. A small patch of RadUhes should be sown, for succession 

 •bout once in three weeks. Lettuces, Celery, and Cauliflower' 

 may be sown in a warm border, the latter to succeed those that 

 should now be planted out. Flowers.— Do not uncover any thin"- 

 that is tender for a short time yet. Continue to dress the borders 

 Fruit.— Get Strawberry-beds fir* any; weeded, before the plants 

 have grown much, and keep down weeds wherever the* 

 appear.— MIL J 



LxwHs.—Penthesitea.-U you water your lawn well with eas 

 water and water, t will kill the M M| and improve the GiKV 



also^fo? to^Ve^r" WCra t0 have "»««! «>. Grass 



an acre. Oranges 



I 



most important distinction, for the Winter Crassane will w 

 most abundantly as a Standard, whereas the other will IT 

 You will find a figure and description of the Louis Bonne of 

 Jersey, at p. 860 of last year's Chronicle. Thompson's Pe» 

 resembles in appearance the Passe Colmar; but theleavesdiSr 

 in being somewhat downy, and the fruit is more butterv v n „ 

 have probably been too late in heading down your Quine, 

 stocks. If this is not done early they are very apt to caokertt 

 the graft in the manner you describe. They ought to beheaded 

 down in January at the latest. You mu«t not cut those tou 

 budded quite close to the bud at present, nor till thev are fairi* 

 in leaf.!) ' 



PreK UNO Wood.— B.— Apply to John Bethell, Esq., 73, Kirur 

 William-street, City, for Creasote. H ' ' ^ 



Pine Skkds.— K. O.— Sow them now in sandy loam, in a cool 

 Cucumber frame. Remove them to the opeu air as soon 

 as up, if the frosts are over. Pot them as soon as they form 

 their second leaves, and plant them out as soon as they are 

 six inches high. Do not crowd them ; and never let their roou 

 become spiral. 



Pi. vms.— A. H.— The Myrobalan Plum is Prunus cerasifera— ouite 

 a distin ct species. Thanks for the information, which we hare 

 used elsewhere. 



Rabbits.— S. S.—We are not acquainted with the mode of de- 

 stroying Rabbits by smearing Cabbage-leaves with poison. You 

 may surely trap or snare them, if you cannot shoot them^ 



Seeds.— R, C. R.—Oi your seeds the following are worthy of 



growing:— Lagerstrosmia Reginae, Eranthemum nervosum, and 

 Convolvulus Lacteus.j 



Shrvbs.— Sarah.— The following ornamental evergreen and de- 

 ciduous plants maybe recommended for planting in a shady 

 situation in London: Common and variegated Holly, Aacuba 

 japonica, Laurustinus, Berberis aquifolium, Viburnum opuius, 

 Cytisus Laburnum, Common and Persian Lilac, Ribes saoeui- 

 neum, Cornus sanguinea, Hypericum androsaemum, H. calf- 

 cinum, and Symphoria racemosa.£ 

 Slvos.— An Amateur.— Lime-water applied night and morning, 

 when the slugs are feeding, will soon rid you of such vermin. 

 Or gas water is much better, provided you can apply it without 

 its touching your plants. 

 The Rose-Gardbn.— J. L.— Patience is a virtue, and we mast 

 beg of you to exercise it. It is not our intention to resume 

 the articles under this name for a few weeks, as all that relates 

 to the actual season is already printed. You may expect their 

 re-appearance about the beginning of May. 

 Thorn-field Pines.— Three Gardeners.— Obliged by your infor- 

 mation; but you must give us your names if we are to use it. 

 Miscellaxkovs.— Egg.— We know of no meaos of preserving 

 the colour of birds'-eggs except keeping them in the dark.— • 

 W. it. — Helonias asphodeloides thrives perfectly in a peat 

 border among American plants, where it is shaded, but not 



overshadowed. It then flowers every year. -Jason.— It 



would oe very unfair of us to answer your question. There 

 are doubtless many professional men who are excellent land- 

 scape gardeners, and it would be invidious publicly to name 



one in preference to another. Anon.— Vie have no idea to 



what you allude. Many plants have an acrid juice, and wiU 

 raise blisters; as for example the Crowfoots and CleoiaUa 



flammula. Anglus.— Leaf-mould that is well decayed may 



be used instead of Bog-earth for American Plants.^ G. F. a. 



—By application to the Secretary in Regent's Park. Verbenas 

 like a light rich soil : it ia too early to plantjthem yet.:— 

 Rhodon.—We are not acquainted with the Rhododendron 

 •• Gloire d'Haarlem." We have had no experience with Pot- 

 ter's guano for American plants.*— Col.— The meetings of tM 

 Horticultural Society are on the first aud third Tuesdays of toe 

 month, with certain exceptions, which can be learnt at 21, 



Kegent-st. C. R. D.—So doubt your Gooseberry bushel 



have been attacked by birds. 2s. 6d. will be given for So. 



33 of 1842. 



SEEDLING FLORISTS* FLOWERS. 



Camei.ua.— W. B. T.— The variety of which you hare sent* 

 specimen is not known: its principal merits consist in u» 

 colour and the texture of the outside petals ; the centre is very 

 bad, being partially filled with small narrow petals. * 



Cinerarias.— W. J!/.— queen of the Fairies is like so marry 

 varieties we have with delicate-coloured tips to the V^^. 

 that it is impossible to distinguish it from many others. Moaei 

 forms a more decided variety, being a mixture of purple ana 

 azure. Single flowers are not sufficient to form an °P in ,i?°; 



upon.* C. L. iV.-Seedling No. 1, a bright blue, ins 



flowers of this variety are rather small; but they are very 

 abundant, and bright and beautiful in colour. No. 2, pure 

 white centre, with the termination of the petals of a . ( f e1 ^. 

 azure blue. This is also an abundant bloomer, with waj 

 formed flowers, lively in appearance, and forms a distinct 



desirable variety.* *ji n r 



Pansv.-T. O. O.-Everton is a fine, large, well-formed seeding, 

 with well-proportioned petals of a velvety texture; vv*\ 

 petals of a very deep purple, with a perfect broad be > lc, f* k 

 the same colour round the side and bottom petals ; ej e ' * 

 ground-colour yellow: it wants a little more decision wi 

 the belting joins the ground-colour.* . j n |» _ 



Rhododendron. -G\ L. jV.—The seedling hybrid R noat^ z^ 

 dron is a very compact and handsome variety, the b 10 * c _ 

 white with the deep rose colour of the outside of tne no , * 

 contrasted with the delicate and spotted inside, give *^ 

 richness to its general appearance : the fringed edge 

 corolla is a defect. * . . . „„ lrtnr bat 



Scarlet Gkranium.— IF. M.— Fireball is a br, f r J t .5 0l w°Vt of 

 not surpassing in this respect many others; aud tne u 



the plant we are ignorant of.* . . to0 ate. 



%* As usua', many communications have been receiver 



