THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



297 



i N 









This Black Spine uucumber, and another ] 

 ^£d by him, that was stated to be a good forcer. 

 ' "£d«S.e fruit, measuring about 18 inches long. 

 * btn _ , f *k Sft«ifttv were Oncidium diva- 



■^ . i.«. together witn ticuw«» ^' luu ' u, i w«*» 



^ tC nh Ss arbutoides, and Arctostaphyios nitida The 



rosupbyiis ar half-hardy Mexican shrubs, having 



two last are 

 jome 



pretty 



»^h!«nce to an Arbutus. 



"* FKTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



*, An,, May G.— George Newport, Esq., in the 



* k naoer was read from Captain Hutton, of the 



zSl "in Ji« Infantry, on a large and beautiful species 



^T,hS a description of the peculiar mode of its 



r' I its cocoon, which was unlike that of any other 



^Zaum and was effected by transverse slits.— A 



ipecie-, , , nanor nn fh a r.hrvsr>mplirl«> 



t* nation of Mr. Saunders' paper on the Chrysomehdae 

 3*. Holland was read.— Mr. Evans presented a notice 

 ithf eees and young larvce of Sialis lutaria, or Mayfly, 



accompanied by drawings.— A paper was read 



f om its cocoon, which was unlike that of any other 



BO«n 



ontim 



f »■ 



f the < 

 w h»c J^^JJ^j. Smith', on the habits of a species of 

 ru" ;. (Wild Bee), which selected the shells of snails as 

 iTtuation for forming their nests and depositing their 

 „ _Mr. Saunders exhibited a specimen of gum from 

 Soth \merica, which contained encased within it the 

 Urn of a species of Cerambyx.— Mr. Ingpen exhibited a 

 specimen of Poecillus cupreus, which was taken in the 

 Jet of devouring a common Pea. This beetle belongs to 

 the family of Carabidee, which were all, at one time, sup- 

 posed to be carnivorous ; but this, and some other species, 

 forms a transition to the vegetable feeders among the 

 Coleoptera,— Mr. J. P. Stephens exhibited a Moth, which 

 was caught at Norwood, and was new to Great Britain, 

 beloneine to the genus Yponomeuta. 



MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY. 

 April 17- — J. F. Bowerbank, Esq., in the chair. Mr. 

 G. L. Fitzmorris, Dr. Trueman, and Dr. Salt were elected 

 membf rs. Mr. J. Quekett read a paper on Ciliary Motion ; 

 he first gave an account of the discovery of cilia, which 

 was made by a Dutch physician in 1684, and of the sub- 

 jequent observations which had been made upon these 

 organs. He also alluded to the various opinions that had 

 been formed as to the nature of the force by which the 

 movements of the cilia were effected. He then described 

 the nature of the movement of a single cilium in the com- 

 mon muscle : all observers had agreed that this was a ro- 

 tatory, or up and down movement, so that when a row of 

 cilia were in action, as in the branchiae of the muscle, they 

 gtve it a waved appearance. But, in addition to this 

 movement, the author had observed a secondary move- 

 ment, which was a partial twist of the cilium on its own 

 axis, and which might be compared to that motion of the 

 oar of a row-boat, which is called " feathering the oar/' 

 This motion is very evident when the cilia are moving 

 slowly. It had not before been observed, and was un- 

 doubtedly of importance in those animalcules which 

 moved through water by means of their cilia. Dr. Lan- 

 kester pointed out the probability of the dependence of 

 ciliary motion on the same force as produced muscular 

 contractility, and referred to the observations of Professor 

 Sharpey and Professor E. Forbes on this subject. 

 Although Mr. Bowman and Dr. Todd had, in their late 

 work on Physiology, endeavoured to object to this theory, 

 he thought it at present much the most rational theory of 

 c "' ir J m °tion. He had seen single separated cilia move, 

 and he believed that in some instances they were mistaken 

 'or animalcules. He thought the moving cells which 

 *** foun( ^ on the mucous membranes of animals ought 

 not to be called animalcules. They were cells thrown off 

 irorna living organism, but entirely incapable of self- 

 loosutence or self-generation. The chairman referred to 

 tho Tf DUte animalcules f °und between the teeth, and 

 tend \ pe, i ha P s the y ou ght not to be considered as inde- 



ttOT? k" j l - mal8 ' There was no doubt ' however > that the 



malcu? ln S f ° Und in the thecjeof some Mosses were ani " 

 S M e8 / " r * Lankester denied that either these or 



tCTibed 1 tt Z ° a Were true animalcules.— Mr. J. Quekett de- 

 i n which H natUFe ° f the S P ermatozoa in the cuttle-fish, 

 ^tle ones ^ , was a lar ge Spermatozoon, with several 



Apr. i 6 p LI XXEAN SOCIETY. 

 w as read fro v'f F ° RSTER ' Es q-» in the chair, a mn 

 neni of n 0m R • ■ ^ dwin Lees, accompanied with speci- 

 of Rubus ' T \ su Rubi. Amongst these was a variety 



had seen * W ' th a terna te foliage, of which Mr. Lees 



R. j f r ™ any specimens, and which he proposed to call 



Pkata includ-* Hmili8, ~~ A collection of 14 ° s l )ecies of 



A letter 



Cbil opoda w ° ' New P° rt ' 8 P a P e r on the Myriapoda 

 an d the or? ^ rG f d * ^ he tneor etical structure of the head 

 exa mined ^a °u nutrition »n these animals was minutely 

 the *e parts I H u identit y of the complicated organs of 

 k°ty was n ' j sim P ler ones of the segments of the 



**" aeani of!l- •° Ut ' Tbe or & ans which institute the 

 Myriapoda w ,stln g uish 'ng the genera and species of the 

 lhe le &s thp Gre nCXt exami ned, as the ocelli, the form of 



httJ aot'hithe 1 * 111 !' ° D the le S s « &c - The dental * llateS 

 dUt 'nctio n • hi* • ena P lo >' ed » s a me * ns of specific i 

 f ° UQ 4 on thes lQ the Scol °oendra3, the denticulations j 

 charact rr of t ^ °!J? Hns w ere of great importance. The 

 the S arm Pnfi ; , , rsal P ! »tes was of most importance in 

 the ocHii ■ l d *» the s e? 



tht ^n n ffi S biUS,a 

 IW/ai/S Cr yP t0 P»- 



S hair - Proft! \ ay 7 ;— Ed ward Forster, Esq.. in the 



^iden of T ° r Agassiz ' of Nenfch.tel. and Dr. M. J. 



' uen a> were elected Forei-n Fellows. Dr. Hugh 



in r«' u- 6 set 5 ment s of the body in Geophilidse, 

 na» in r ° ' and the number of the joints of 



Falconer, and Mr. G. B. Sowerby, Jun., were elected 

 Fellows. Dr. Francis Boott, M. D. Professor Edward 

 Forbes, and the Rev. W m . Hinckes, were elected 

 Auditors of Accounts at the ensuing anniversary.— A 

 paper was announced from J. Curtis, Esq., being de- 

 scriptions of Insects brought from the Straits of 

 Magellan by Captain King.— A paper was read from 

 Mr. Joseph Woods, on the species of Carex found in 

 Middle Europe. The author commenced with some 

 general remarks on the necessity of a natural classifica- 

 tion, and pointed out its application to the various 

 groups which had been proposed of the extensive genus 

 Carex. Where single characters had been the basis of 

 subdivision, the groups thus formed became unnatural. 

 The subdivisions of Koch were undoubtedly the best 

 that had hitherto been offered, and the author pursued 

 the same plan. The author then entered into a minute 

 account of the structure of the various parts of the 

 genus Carex, pointing out their characterising value ; 

 this included a consideration of the Nut, the utriculus, 

 the glume, the spikes, the bracts, the culm, the 

 leaves, and the root. The remaining part of the paper 

 was deferred till the next meeting. The Chairman re- 

 minded the meeting that the anniversary of the Society 

 would take place on the 24th inst. 



BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 



Apr. 12. — J. Reynolds, Esq., treasurer, in the chair. 

 Various donations were announced, including a very large 

 collection of East Indian plants, presented by the Royal 

 Horticultural Society of Cornwall. Mr. D. Moore, of 

 the Dublin Botanic Garden, presented numerous speci- 

 mens of Carex paradoxa (Willd.), collected in Ireland. 

 Mr. W. L. Notcutt presented many duplicates of Statice 

 rarifiora (Dreger), collected in Hants. Various other 

 specimens were presented for the Society's herbarium, in 

 illustration of the varieties recorded in " The London 

 Catalogue of British Plants. 1 ' — Read, " A Synoptical View 

 of the British Fruticose Rubi, arranged in groups, with 

 explanatory remarks" (Part 2), by E. Lees, Esq. This 

 Paper was accompanied by drawings and specimens. 

 BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH. 



Thursday, the llth April. — Professor Graham, Presi- 

 dent, in the chair. Donations to the library and herba- 

 rium were announced from Dr. Gottsche, Altona, Mr. W. 

 C. Trevelyan, Mr. C. C. Babington, Mr. Parker, Mr. 

 Ogilvie, Mr. Jackson, and Mr. Ewans. The following 

 papers were read . — 



J. On four genera of Desmidiese, by Mr. Ralfs. In 

 these papers, which were illustrated by beautiful sketches, 

 14 species are described, 9 of which belong to Euastrum 

 — 2, each, to Tetramorus and Micrasterias — and 1 to 

 Berkleya. Mr. Ralfs remarked that — " The species of 

 Euastrum are not well defined ; plants of this genus vary 

 greatly in form, and it is not unlikely that young fronds 

 have been described as distinct. Whenever it is prac- 

 ticable the frond should be examined in four different 

 directions, namely, in the front or usual position, at the 

 side, at the end, and by a transverse or junction view, 

 after the segments have been separated ; " and again, in 

 describing E. gemmatum, he says — " Whilst engaged in 

 examining thisspecies I was first struck with theadvantage 

 to be derived from the figure of the transverse view in the 

 discrimination of nearly allied species. I have since ob- 

 tained Meneghini's Synopsis of this family, and find that 

 he has extensively availed himself of it in forming his 

 specific characters of this genus." 



2. Note on a Monstrosity of the Pistul of Primula 

 vulgaris ; by Mr. C. C. Babington. This curious mon- 

 strosity was sent to the author by Mr. J. H. Walton, of 

 St. Bees College. Flowers of the usual form and struc- 

 ture were found on the same root, with two flowers pos- 

 sessing the anomalous organ, which Mr. Babington 

 describes as follows — " Within the base of the corolla is 

 situated a small fleshy cup, from the centre of which 

 springs a cylindrical stem, capped with another shallow 

 fleshy cup, having a wavy margin. An exposed conical 

 placenta, covered with peltate ovules, is seated in the 

 centre of the latter cup. Thus the true ovary is converted 

 into a cup-shaped body, and the capitate stigma has be- 

 come an open fleshy ovary." 



3. On the Fructification of Cutleria, and continuation 

 of the Marine Algce of the vicinity of Aberdeen. By Dr. 

 Dickie.. In this communication, (in which the remainder 

 of the olive-coloured Algre, hitherto observed on the 

 Aberdeenshire coast, are enumerated) ihe author discusses 

 at considerable length the characters which have been 

 assigned to various species by different writers on Algoe, 

 and states his own views respecting them. He also 

 notices the comparative paucity of the marine flora of 

 Aberdeenshire, ascribing the absence of the more delicate 

 species, partly to the unsheltered nature of the coast, and 

 partly to the influence of temperature, and says, M Scarcely 

 one half of the Melanospermous Algse, enumerated in 

 Harvey's Manual as occurring in Britain, are found here 

 — the proportions being as 34 to 80." 



4. On some British species of CEnanthe ; By John 

 Ball. B.A. In this paper three species of CEnanthe are 

 described as natives of Bri'ain ; viz., CE. pimpinelloides, 

 Linn. ; CE. Silaifolia, Bieb. (peucedanifolia, Sm.) ; and CE. 

 Lachenalii, Bab. The first is stated to be very rare, the 

 author having only seen one specimen wanting fruit, 

 which was gathered near Forthampton, in Glou t-s'ershire, 

 by Mr. E. Lees. He is, however, fully of opinion that it 

 is the true pimpinelloides of Linmeus and the continental 

 botanists, and proposes that the plant should resume its 

 place as a spec.es In the English Flora ; the last is stated 

 to be the commonest of the group,— he basing received 

 it from several parts of England, from the coast of Gal- 

 loway, and from near Dunbar in Scotland. The paper 

 concludes with the following remarks on the value o! the 



characters of these species: — •« The position and size of 

 the tubers of the root are, I suspect, of doubtful con- 

 stancy. The general disposition and proportions of the 

 leaves are probably much to be depended on here, and 

 throughout the order. The hollowness or solidity of the 

 stem depends, I believe, almost wholly on the place of 

 growth, and is of no moment. The petals vary somewhat 

 in size, but scarcely in form, those of the outer sterile 

 florets being always compared with each other. The form 

 of the fruit seems not so constant as might be expected. 

 The presence or absence of the incrassated summit of the 

 pedicel I have never seen to vary." 



COUNTRY SHOWS. 

 We shall, next week, state our intentions as to reporting 

 these meetings. In the meanwhile we may as well 

 announce our decision not to publish those details of 

 Shows which merely state the winner's name, without the 

 names of the plants he exhibited. This will account for 



some omissions in the following. 



Bath Royal Horticultural Society.— This was the first Exhibi- 

 tion of the Society for this season. The numbers who attended 

 the gardens during the attcrnoon were not less than 2000. The 

 following prizes were awarded:— Class I.: Xlrskrymkv. — 

 Stove Plants, 1, Mr. Drummond, for Euphorbia splendens, E. 

 fulgens, twoGesneras and two Amaryllises. Best IS, 1, Mr. Car- 

 penter, for Azalea Indies alba, A. Woodii, Acacia armata, Epacrls 

 pungens, Camellia Donkelasrii, C. Beaiii, Cytisus racemosus, 



Erica multifl >ra, Kennedya Marryattae, two Cinerarias, and Cho- 

 rozema variura nanum. Cinerarias, 1, Mr. Carpenter, for 

 Medora, Eclipse, Carmina, Unique, Lavingtonensis, and Black- 

 eyed Susan ; 2, Mr. Drummond, for Enchantress, Prince Albert, 

 Unique, Eclipse, and two seedlings. Camellias, I, Mr. Carpenter, 

 for pulcherrima, alba, and lepida. Extra Prizbs. — Roses 

 in Pots, 1, Mr. Carpenter, tor Devoniensis, Yellow Noi- 

 sette, Yellow China, Napoleon, Prince Albert, Lee's Crimson 

 Perpetual, Pink Moss, Spong's William Jesse, Blush Prorence, 

 Flora, and Madam Laffay. Greenhouse Plants— l, Mr. Car- 

 penter, for Azalea indica alba, A. Smith'ii cocciuea, Acacia 

 armata, Chorozerna varium nanum, Erica tricolor, Camellia 

 Donkelserii, a Cineraria, and Kennedya ca?rulea. Class II. Ama- 

 tkurs — Orchidaceee, 1, J. Jarrett, E^q., forMaxilUria aromatica, 

 Cattleya elatior, Epid<*ndrum selligerum. Single specimen, Mr. 

 Jarrett, (or Maxillaria Harrison ia;. Store Plants, l, J. Jarrett, 

 Esq., for Plumbago rosea, Philibertia gracilis, Ceropegia stape- 

 hreformis; 2, Mr. Ja-rett, for CeropeKi* elegans, Gloxinia spe- 

 ciosa, Scutellaria splendens. Greenhouse Plants, J. M. Yeeles, 

 Esq., for Azalea indica alba, Tropaeolum grandifiorum, Choro- 

 zerna spectabilis, Leschenaultia formosa. 3 varieties, 1, J. 

 Jarrett, Esq., for Kennedya inophylla, Pimelea spectabilis, 

 Eriostemon buxifolius. Pelargoniums, I, Dr. Kay, for May's 

 Hermit, May's Bacchus, Erectum, and Wizard. Ericas, J, 

 J. M. Yeeles, Esq., for E. suaveolens, E. epistoma, and E. echii- 

 flora. Single specimen, 1, J. M. Yeeles, Esq., for E. Templeana. 

 Hardy Plants, I, J. Jarrett, Esq., for Rhododendron roseura, 

 Kalmia latitolia, and Paeonia omcinalis. Pelargoniums, 1, Mr. 

 G. Shaw, for Nymph, Jehu, King, Cyrus, Clarissa, Bridegroom, 

 Sultan, Sylph, Jewess, Acme of Perfection, Coronation, Bri- 

 tannia, Comte de Paris, Queen of the Fairies, Gipsy, and Lilia. 

 Cacti, l, Mr. G. Shaw, for C. speciosissimus, C. Ackermannii 

 major, C. speciosus, C. Ackermannii minor, C. Millerii, and C. 

 speciosus coccineus. Amaryllises, l , Mr. G. Shaw, for A. vittata, 

 Johnsonii, Ackermannii, Braziliensis, and a Seedling. Roses, 

 1, Miss Bayly, for Devoniensis, Madame Laffay, Yellow 

 Noisette, Yellow China, Queen of Bourbons, Princess Augusta, 

 White Moss, Red Moss, Belle Henriette, Odorata, and Beau- 

 gere; 2, J. M. Yeeles, Esq., for Prince Albert, Madame Laffay, 

 Devoniensis, Charles Duval, Bauksiae, and Boule de Nanteuil. 

 Cinerarias, 1, Miss Bayly, for Lavingtooiensis, Eclipse, and 

 2 Seedlings. Ornamental Plants, J, Mr. G. Shaw, for Azalea 

 indica alba, A. Snuthit, A. pulcherrima, A. Phcenicea, Yeilow 

 China Rose, Fuchsia Curtisii, F. Moueypennii, Amaryllis Brazi- 

 liensis, A. Johnsonii, Erica ampnllacea, Calceolaria splendida, 

 C. tricolor, some Cactus, Hovea Celsi, Vinca rosea, V. alba, 

 Lantana mutabilis, Gloxinia speciosa, G. Youngii, Pelargo- 

 niums, Gipsy, Jehu, Victory, Bridegroom, Grand Duke, Zenobia, 

 Jesse, Cineraria unique, Lavingtoniensis, and Carmina. Extra 

 Prizks.— Greenhouse Plants, 1. J. M. Yeeles, Esq., for Azalea 

 SmiUiii coccinea, A. indica alba, Corraea speciosa major, 

 Cytisus canariensis. Pelargoniums, 1, J. M. Yeeles, Esq., for 

 Coronation, Nymph, Victory. Florists' Flowkrs and Cut 

 Flowsrs.— Class II. — Amateurs. — Polyanthuses, 1, Miss 

 Bayly, tor Buck's George the IV., Pearson's Alexander, 

 Princes* Royal, Nicholsons King. Pansies, 1, Miss Bayly, 

 for Prince of Wales, Eclipse, Curion, Bathonia, Sylph, 

 Earl of Clarendon, Duke of Beaufort, Dorothy, and a Seed- 

 ling ; 2, Mr. G. D. Fisher, for Limpley Stoke, Princess 

 Royal, Earl of Clarendon, Jehu, Regulator, Bellissima, Duke of 

 Richmond, Phoebe, Silverlock's Prince Albert, Sulphurea ele- 

 gans, «tc. Extra Prizks.— Auriculus, R. Godfrey, Esq., for 

 Wood's Lord Lascelles, Hughes's Pillar of Beauty, and W arrow's 

 Union. Pansies, J. M. Yeeles, Esq.. for Delight, Virgil, Curion, 

 Prince of Wales, Unrivalled Yellow, D rotny, Duke of Beau- 

 fort, Mary Anne, Travarne, Laura, Beauty of the Village, and 

 Quten of Beauties. 



North British Professional Gardeners' Society .—This was the 

 first meeting for this season. Ail the articles that were brought 

 forward for competition have rarely, if ever, been surpassed at 

 any former meeting. The following prizes were awarded:— 

 Auriculas: Laurie's Hertfordshire Hero, Moon's Violet, Water- 

 house's Conqueror ot Europe, Leigh's Talavera, Taylor's Glory, 

 and Lord of Hulmshire; Mr. J. Young, gr. to T. Oliver, Esq. 

 Best three Self s : Smith's Incomparable, Gordon's Stateholder, 

 and Martin's May field; Mr. J.Young. Polyanthuses: George 

 IV., Collier's Prince Royal, and Meed's Telegraph; Mr. Alex. 

 Forester, gr. toCapt. Falconer. Camellias : Imbncata, Doukelaerii 

 and speciosa; Mr. Robert Watson, gr. to D. Anderson, Esq. 

 Cinerarias:— Macnabiana, a seedling, and ovata, Mr. J. Ad- 

 dison, gr. to the Earl of Wemyss. Epacrises: Grandiflora, 

 and two seedling*, Mr. D. Fowiis. Peats: Chaumontel and 

 Beurre Ranee, Mr. J. Goodall. Dessert Apples : Ribston 

 PippiL, Nonpareil, Loan's Pearmain, Mr. J. Goodall. Baking 

 Apples: Yorkshire Green, Fal's Ribston, Mr. J. Goodall. 

 Asparagus: Mr. J. G lOdall. Tue following plants were sent 

 tor exhibition :— A new Cineraria called Warnstoniana, from 

 Messrs. Carstairs, Kelly, and Co. 



The Art of Building and Managing Hothouses, cj-c. 

 (Art de Construire et de Gouverner ies Serres). By 

 M. Neumann. Pari*:, 1844. Long quarto. 

 M. Neumann is chief gardener in the Jnrdin des 

 Plantes at Paris, and has the management of the houses 

 there. He is a clever nun, and acquainted with English 

 establUhments. In this work he describes the manner 

 in which hothouses, greenhouses, fon-ing-houses, con- 

 servatories, and ail the varieties of glass structures, 

 I are built and managed in France ; and he illustrates his 

 'subject with 21 plates of plans, elevations, sections, & "., 



