THE AGRICU LTURAL GAZETTE 



lph 



*\TL f part of bones, but £_. r 



/what the muriatic has not accomplished. A\ hat I 

 1W *—— — C. A. A. Lloyd. 



-nte is from my own experience.— C. A. Ji 



Curl in Potatoes I do not recollect having seen it 



noticed in jour valuable Paper that Sea-weeds spread in 



another. The most ancient, and perhaps the most simple 



JJ ™ C6S ' ^ *' a ! IS m / de ° f tarf ' The8e ™ 1] *> how- 

 ever, are much injured by the atmosphere, and the 



rubbing and butting of the cattle. T P guard against 



this, they should be planted or sown with the Ulex 



Europaeus or Furze. The roots of this plant will soon 



penetrate the turf, and tend to bind the wall. The 



plants not only afford shelter as well as food for the 



305 





•err moaeraic iju«w... ..»».- -- — - - — - ° \ * ~".j -nuiu sucasr as wel as food for flip 



Wtire of curl in a Potato-crop. This is perfectly under- cattle but add to the height of the wall, and give it a 

 Jt00 d on the coast of Ireland, and such is the value set formidable appearance. When walls are made for this 



£ et out of their beds at night to collect them on the 

 shore previous to the return of the receding tides, after- 

 ward* bringing them up steep cliffs in baskets on their 



m .1 A_.il 1 7 1 ^ I A H J 4- _rv r-v * 1 » s\ «fAli\A « C ± l . ^ 



backs. In the west of England, too, the value of the 

 Sea-weed is appreciated; but it may be noticed with 

 surprise on the coast of the Isle of Wight, that this 

 ipeciea of manure is much neglected. Here it grows and 

 flourishes generally untouched. I never above once have 

 icen it used in this island, and then it was thrown in a 

 heap to rot (and consequently lost most of its valuable 

 properties), instead of being spread when fresh over the 

 land. I am enabled from my own frequent observation 

 to state that a moderate manuring of Sea-weed will cause 

 land of middling quality to yield two good crops ; viz., 

 a crop of Potatoes followed by Wheat, Oats, or Barley, 

 according to the nature of the soil. I may here observe 

 the disease of rot or taint in Potato-seed was formerly 

 little known. Forty years ago, while living in the " land 

 of Potatoes" I never heard of it ; and probably this was 

 owing to the manner of preparing the seed. There it 

 was the invariable custom to spread the cut sets on a 

 dry earthen floor of a house, in shallow heaps, until the 

 action of the air dried and healed, or hardened the parts 

 wounded by the knife. — A Gardener, Isle of Wight. 



Gas-water. — Within the last two or three months, I 

 have analysed several samples of water from different 

 gas-works, taking it as soon as generated, and using 

 every precaution to protect it from atmospheric in- 

 fluence ; but in no instance have I found it require more 

 than 24 grains of the acid to neutralise half-an-ounce of 

 the water ; in most cases one scruple was sufficient, or 

 1-1 2th of the weight of the ammoniacal water acted upon. 

 Now there is a great difference betwixt this and 

 " Govyn's" statement in your Notices to Correspondents 

 a few weeks ago. There appears to be something in 

 gas-water injurious to vegetation, although the ammonia 

 acts as a transient stimulant after the effects of the 

 other matter has subsided.-./. T. [In answer to a 

 portion of our correspondent's letter which is not inserted 

 here, we beg to inform him that we are responsible for 

 the answers m the Notices to Correspondents ; the par- 

 ties whose signatures are given above each notice are 

 tnose who ask for the information, not those who give it. 

 lhe advice in this case was given upon data furnished by 



«.£ J ?'i ' however > wer e so extraordinary, that 



we think he was mistaken, and we told him so.] 



CaZTo Bai W~ In I )a ge 201 of the Agricultural 

 euhi?« JZ T c ? rres P onde «t> M Martin Doyle," is san- 

 misson. C ^ enefit ? t0 result from the Land Com- 

 aTZ T *? m i m Ireland ' Ifc is trul y admitted by 

 ^M^£ "^'f** ist ° an farming extent, a 

 the* A Irii u e ^ °J the land P ro P™tor S of Ireland of 

 Stfe S^i^ cial , C0Dditi0 - of the people. 



and not th * CaIi tbe chief want of Ireland, 



their equals l^T'T ° f mCn int ° a C0Untr r * here 

 a rpT^i„i h ^ b ? auteoush y acinth of our lovely 



native. I trust 



as to strangers 



fa Z T* ' Uke i he beau teous hyacinth 

 it w 11 2 K DPn f d ° Dly because the 7 ar e ■ 

 I a^ \t ll ^ d _ that I A» -tolerant 



Martin DoJE * n Plan W ° Uld be ' and J think ^ ***** 

 ^e odSnoJ 111 ,: 011 ^ 1 : in $ t0 foster a " d encourage 



«*rtion f g and N... \ 5™* their energies into active 

 » u «icien number !n f T\ my 0wn e *P erience that a 

 f o«ndin \Z1 1 c T oc ?Petent to act as bailiff are to be 



bs surpriJa »? >l d ° DOt think that m y friend sh ould 

 Y °w corrtJLt* ?\ e * nS ° f men of m ? classiQ England. 



" Orde P , u d6nt kn0WS ful1 w ell that 

 Some ir* *^ en ' S first law J and this confest, 

 *C ri ch " mUSt be greater than the rest - 

 tt-, Th at such -?p°h e WI - se ; but who infers from hence 

 "hat but th* • e l la PP ,er » shocks all common sense." 



pondent's « • and know ledge of your cc 



corres 



mounted bailiff P ? rti - ng " l0 ° king: ' footing-jacketed, cob- 

 env 'able no««L g ^\ im and """ntnins him in that 

 led ge is ZZ ' *f hl \ Ver ? " snugsalary ? " Know- 

 °P iQ ion that hntt i Wls 1 dom is security ; and I am of 

 recompensed 1a in hand > cannot be t0 ° well 



11,41 a feeling nf • ? 0t believe ' with Martin D oy\e t 

 cla «ses of Iref a „i f Jealou , s y exists among the labouring 



ex Perience and fJ?*«* Stran S e rs. I speak now from 

 Inor e resnerr m Z ' afc no class ot * me n on earth pay 



tto * strangers ,rn anSe : rS than do m ? countrymen, when 

 ^^g in which h, C u them selves adequate to the under- 

 iUri ><- [Prom w. 7 * a / C emba rked.-^ Horti-Agricul- 

 * d erably to abru^^- T °° m we have bee a obliged con- 

 , F ^m £™ d « e \ h « communication.] 



' ,Vldj ng them St7rn g farm8 with fences » and 



L r, L 8te P towards «uh2 VC ? le , n ' fidd8 ' is conside red the 



crop 



must be 



importa 



u,u ^ be partlv in Mil *"^>"»uce. iduc u a 



*• are indi.pen.Jb v ni ^ &nd ^^ in P asture » 

 v ' 8 fr «m the inrn- f ne r cessar y to defend the tillage 



tT where land i. Zt °1 ^ Cattle on tbe pa.tnrl 



Zt"? lt divided ?nto. d S ° ldy to P asture ' ifc is Proper 

 ah ^ Can then ^°^ r ^ inclosures, as the different 



able Pasture by shif, °T° dated with the m ost suit- 



7 mftln S them from one inclosure to 



purpose, they shou d be built at least three feet thick at 

 the foundation, and tapering to 15 inches at top. The 

 seeds should be sown on the top, and as the plants 

 advance in growth, they should be regularly trimmed 

 with the .hears ; by proper attention to this, they will 

 be prevented from growing too tall and thin at the 

 bottom. If this is annually repeated, the plants will be 

 longer preserved in a healthy and vigorous state : clip- 

 ping has also a good effect in checking the furze from 

 spreading over the field. A good and substantial fence 

 may thus be quickly formed, even on a soil that will not 

 produce a living fence of any other kind. The Prunus 

 spinosa or Sloe, is also well adapted for fences, either 

 alone or mixed with other shrubs, and will sooner make 

 a fence on a poor soil than the Hawthorn. The seeds 

 should be sown on a prepared bed or mound where the 

 future hedge is to be. It should be annually trimmed 

 with the shears, and kept free from weeds, as should all 

 living fences. It will grow on all soils, from the 

 cohesive to the friable. The Spartium sesparium, or 

 common Broom, a very common but beautiful shrub, is 

 also well adapted for hedges. The seeds (which can be 

 easily procured on any common) should be sown as 

 mentioned above for Furze, and kept regularly trimmed ; 

 if not, it is apt to grow very tall and slender. The 

 young shoots, when laid in the dung-pit to rot, make 

 excellent manure. It is said that, when its twigs are 

 eaten by sheep, a temporary giddiness, like intoxication, 

 ensues, and its flowers are said to excite vomiting. 

 Though the Hawthorn alone will form a sufficient hedge, 

 when planted with care, it has been found to contribute 

 greatly to the strength and closeness of the hedge to 

 intervene some other kinds with it, as the Beech, Elm, 

 Yew, Privet, Holly, and the Laurel. These plants, how- 

 ever, make excellent and durable hedges of themselves, 

 and will bear any kind of trimming that may be thought 

 proper to give a hedge, and one of them to every third 

 of Hawthorn, makes an excellent hedge. Again, there 

 are many other plants, though feeble of themselves, by 

 mixing them with others of more robust habits, add 

 greatly to the strength and closeness of a hedge. But 

 where there are plenty of stones at command, stone walls, 

 in point of real utility, are the most substantial and 

 secure. The erection of a stone wall will be much more 

 expensive than any kind of hedge, but when the ground 

 to be inclosed contains many stones, which must at any 

 rate be removed before it can be properly cultivated, a 

 stone wall, either built with cement or not, considering 

 its superiority, will be the most economical fence in the 

 end. — J. Mel., Hillsborough. 



Mangold Wurzel. — Though the season for planting 

 this most valuable root is now nearly past, I feel disposed 

 to offer a few suggestions, the result of my own expe- 

 rience. I consider the distance of 26 inches between the 

 rows (as proposed in a late Number) to be insufficient 

 for thoroughly working the intervals, and I would re- 

 commend 30 inches, as fitting more accurately the dis- 

 tance between the cart-wheels for carrying out the 

 manure ; and also as being likely to give an increased 

 weight to each individual root, and there is no question 

 but that a heavy root is, in every respect, preferable to 

 a lighter one. At 30 inches by 12, 17,420 plants (the 

 number per acre) at 6 lbs. each, will produce 46 tons 13 

 cwt., and as we know Mangold Wurzel roots frequently 

 weigh from 14 lbs. to 20 lbs. each, it is reasonable to 

 expect them to average 6 lbs., at the above distances. 

 Again — at 26 inches by 12 inches, the distance you 

 recommend, an acre will contain 20,104 plants, which, 

 say at 5 lbs. l each, produce only 44 tons 17$ cwt.; 

 and surely with the increased facility for working 30 inch 

 intervals over those of 26 inches, an additional pound 

 per root may be fairly calculated on. I think also the 

 earthing plough is much more proper for forming the 

 furrows for the manure, and covering it, than any other; 

 the manure is more perfectly covered, the ridges better 

 formed, and the work in every respect much neater. It 

 was always my practice to manure five rows at once, by 

 which means two of the rows escaped the consolidation 

 of the bottom of the furrow, from the treading of the 

 horses, and pressure of the wheels. With regard to the 

 method of sowing the seed, I found, after trying different 

 methods of dibbling, that the drill was far preferable. It 

 may be set so as to distribute the seed with great regu- 

 larity, and much more speedily than can be done by hand. 

 I used only two lbs. of seed per acre, and always found 

 plenty of plant, with greater facility of singling, as the 

 plants never came up in bunches. — Lusor. 



The Farmer's Capital and his Profits. — I thought, 

 after reading the article under this head by " A Suffolk 

 Farmer and Valuer," in your Paper of last week, it would 

 be interesting to make an estimate of what the farm he 

 describes, and which requires a capital of 5000/., would 

 produce in return. I have therefore taken his figures as 

 correct for the outgoings, and I think I have put the in- 

 come quite as high as I am justified according to present 

 times. There are many other small items I know might 

 be added on both sides, but every farmer is aware that it 

 is impossible to make a very faithful estimate of what any 

 farm will either cost or produce in the year, and also 

 that the unexpected items are generally on the wrong 



t d tt l think 1 « ia l e sufficie «tly shown our occupation 

 is not a very profitable one. 



Acres. 



V H nf 3f ^ ^ 4 QrS - Per acr *-4S0 qrs. at 50*. l£ 



Is o Bean'' S I f* ^ * Cn -* 00 ^ at «* C 

 3o of Beans, at 5 qrs. per acre— 175 qrs. at 30*. 262 



,11 S° WS ' t0 pay I0/ - each P er annum . 



130 Ewes, to pay 2/. each per annum ' 2 J 



a. 





 

 10 

 

 



d. 

 





 

 

 



Outgoings as below 



Rent 



Labour 



Bills 



Seed-Corn . 



Rates and Taxes . 



Loss upon live and dead stock 



Interest upon Capital . 



Profit 



. j£805 18 

 . 850 



97 13 

 221 14 



70 



50 



200 



6 

 

 

 O 





 

 



j£2432 10 

 . 2295 5 6 



.£13/ 4 6 



jtf-2205 5 6 



1 allow the 10 acres of Oats, and 15 acres of Peas as re- 

 quired for horse Corn. I am not acquainted with the 

 custom of Suffolk as regards seeds and Vetches. I be- 

 lieve they sell some ; but of course a great part, or an 

 equivalent, must be consumed upon the farm. I think, 

 therefore, I must allow little for them, particularly as I 

 shall debit nothing for either artificial food or manure.— 

 A Norfolk Farmer. 



Potatoes — From the obervations published from time to 

 time in your Gazetle,it should seem as though the causes 

 of the curl and the rot in Potatoes are yery imperfectly 

 understood. I believe that certain varieties only, of the 

 Potato, are subject to the curl. When I was young, a 

 very excellent kind of white Potato was imported from 

 Scotland, into the neighbourhood of Bristol annually, for 

 seed ; many growers attempted to save their own seed 

 from the crop, for next year's planting ; but, although 

 the imported seed never showed any inclination to curl, 

 the produce, when planted the next year, invariably 

 curled. About 8 years ago I raised some Potatoes from 

 seed, which produced five or six tolerably distinct 

 varieties. Before these were separated, the whole being 

 planted on one bed, I observed one variety infected with 

 the curl, so that none of the foliage expanded, whilst all 

 the others were, and still continue, quite free from the 

 disease. I have been a Potato grower, on a large and 

 small scale, for 45 years, and, although I never used any 

 precautions to prevent curl, I never, during this period, 

 had one crop in the least injured by the disease. I have 

 planted seed of all qualities, both ripe and unripe ; gene- 

 rally kept during winter, in ridged pits about 5 feet wide, 

 sometimes cut and planted immediately, at others kept 

 for two or three weeks, but never suffered from rot or 

 curl : I always took the precaution to secure as good a 

 tilth as possible ; used sets taken from the finest Pota- 

 toes, cut with two eyes in each, and, which is of more 

 consequence than many suppose, always placed the 

 manure upon the sets. I think the rot is often produced 

 by imperfect tillage. — Lusor. 



Potato Preserving.-^ In reference to this subject, 

 noticed by *< H. P. T.," a short time since I raised some 

 few Potatoes that remained in the ground during the 

 winter, which were of a perfect good taste, and no doubt 

 equally so as his own ; but I attribute this solely to the 

 very mild season we then had. I cannot myself find any 

 better way of keeping Potatoes through the winter, than 

 by storing them away in a grave of sufficient depth, lay- 

 ing the bottom and sides with long Wheat-straw, and 

 having layers of a proper distance apart, each layer of 

 Potatoes being closed over with a board lodged in the 

 sides of the pit, and, above all, well covering in the top 

 and sides. I recommend wooden boards as partitions 

 between the layers, in preference to straw, which causes 

 too much confinement and heat, thereby injuring the 

 Potato. This, after some trial, appears to me the best 

 method for the above object, and if used with a little 

 prudence and good management, it will be found to 

 succeed well. — IV. H., Reading. 



Sbocfetta. 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY of EXG LAND. 

 A Weekly Council was held at the Society's 

 House in Hanover Square on Wednesday last the 8th of 

 May ; present, the Rt. Hon. Earl Spencer, President, in 

 the chair ; Lord Camoys ; Hon. R. H. Clive, M.P. ; 

 T. R. Barker, Esq. ; W. H. Barrow, Esq. ; T. W. Brams- 

 ton, Esq., M.P. ; W. R. Browne, Esq.; E.Buller, Esq., 

 M.P. ; F. Burke, Esq. ; Rev. T. Cator ; Col. Chalioner ; 

 H. Colman, Esq. ; £. D. Davenport, Esq. ; J. Dean, 

 Esq. ; W. Fielden, Esq., M.P.; A. E. Fuller, Esq., M.P. ; 

 J. Grant, Esq. ; B. Gibbs, Esq. ; G. Kimberley, Esq. ; 

 Sir C. Lemon, Bart, M.P, ; A. Ogilvie, Esq. ; J. Parkes, 

 Esq., C. E. ; E. W. W. Pendarves, Esq., M.P. ; W. J. 

 Pickin, Esq. ; H. Price, Esq. ; E. A. Sanford, Esq. ; 

 Prof. Sewell; W. Shaw, Esq.; R. A. Slaney, Esq.; 

 J. Spencer Stanhope, Esq. ; T. Tweed, Esq. ; and 

 F. Woodward, Esq. 



John Manners Sutton, Esq., of Kelham, near Newark, 

 Notts, and William Arthur Cherry, Esq., of Andover, 

 Hants, were elected Governors ; and the following gentle- 

 men Members of the Society : — 



Wooldridge, Richard, Titclifield Park, Fareham, Hants, 

 Tancred, Sir Thomas, Bart., Brighton. 

 Lee, Peter, Winchester. 



Read, John Offley Crewe, Layerton House, Milbrook, South- 

 ampton. 

 Parker, Thomas, Martyr- Worthy, near Winchester. 

 Savile, Albany B., Oaklands, Oakhampton, l>evon. 

 Whitcombe, John Aubrey, Gloucester. 



Helps, Richard, Gloucester. . , Tantr + nna , 



Pipon, Captain Thomas, (Queen's Dragoon Guards;, Langtons, 



Alresford, Hants. . T , rnx„u* 



Hall, George, Governor's House, Parkhurst, Isle of vt ignt. 

 Pryse, John B., Trefnanney Hall, Oswestry, Salop. 

 Urry, Barnabas, Newport, Isle of Wight. 



ria^t™ H»nrv oi_ iTnnprPark Place, Dorset Square, London, 



