E. 



f 



1844] 



" ~IZ\ to the cultivation o< Cape Heaths were a 



SSr 5«cellent .pecimen. of the different -riehes 

 ;?eS. wotrico.*, a spec.es possum- a superior hab.r, 

 A «rc trudine larce tubular and lively flowers 10 prohi- 

 ^Ce small but extremely neat-flooring and deli- 

 c otrfr-scented E. fn. S ran» ; the compact-growing and 

 Spring E. perspica. ; the strong robust E e e- 

 2mT with Urge pink bracts and calyx, and a globular 

 StoUa, of the same pleasing hue, tipped with green ; E 

 Stifol s, with ciliated leaves and terminal clusters o 

 .mllL white campanulate flowers, expanding wide enough 

 ihow the black anthers which almost fill up the 

 .r-T E nines, a species with bright purple flowers 

 Wddenss foliage; small planrs of E. muadula, and 

 the aljnost ever- flowering E. mutabilis. Many of 

 the larger specimens, and some of the less delicate 

 ■mailer ones, have been removed to a shady situation in 

 the open air. A stove devoted to that beautiful tribe of 

 phMts, Exotic Ferns, contains a thriving collection: 

 many 'of the more vigorous-growing species having 

 received a large shift are producing noble fronds. Among 

 the more rare species, the following are distinguished as 

 much for their elegance as their scarcity : — Cheilanthes 

 micropteris, Pteris ternifolia, and P. rotundifolia, a hand- 

 some species from New Zealand ; Cibotia Scuiedii, one 

 of the Tree Ferns, and Ccenopteris japonica. The chief 

 art in the cultivation of this tribe appears to be vested in 

 the regulation of atmospherical moisture, and the main- 

 tenance of a diffused light, and at the same time provid- 

 ing against a saturated soil, by securing ample drainage. 

 The generality of Ferns never succeed well exposed to 

 the direct rays of the sun, or in an arid atmosphere. 

 Few of the species require a great bulk of soil, but 

 succeed better when grown in a shallow layer, if the roots 

 have room to spread near the surface ; therefore, when 

 planted in large pots, one-half the depth or more ought to 

 be potsherds, or some similar porous material. Mr. 

 Lowe has got a plant of Franciscea hydrangeiformis, a 

 new species that has not yet flowered ; also Gardenia Sher- 

 boomiae, and a new kind of Stephanotus, bearing great 

 resemblance to S. floribundus, but apparently slightly 

 different in foliage: it has not yet produced blossoms. 

 Two or three plants of Wistaria chinensis, which have 

 been planted in the open ground for the purpose of pro- 

 pagation by layers, are flowering with great freedom, and 

 are particularly attractive, notwithstanding the usual 

 pendent position of the racemes. These fully testify the 

 perfect hardiness of the species, as they have received no 

 protection whatever. Vinca herbacea, a useful plant for 

 rockwork, is trailing over a pile of stones at the end of 



one of the conservatories, and displaying its pretty blue 

 blossoms. — Q. 



Miscellaneous. 



Potato Moulding.-— A. few year* since, I stated the 

 results of experiments I had then for several years made, 

 in order to ascertain the utility or otherwise of the system 

 so universally practised of moulding Potatoes ; and if I 

 was then partly convinced of the inutility, if not injury, 

 of, moulding, that conviction is now fully confirmed, after 

 ten years' experience on a soil of mediocritv, neither wet 

 nor dry, rich nor poor. I then stated to this effect :— 

 1 am at a loss to know, why ridge up 'the rows like the 

 roof of a building, the leaves acting as tiles, assisting to 

 throw the genial summer showers off into the furrows, 

 *nere it cannot benefit the plants, being below the 

 spongKdes, or roots ? " Piling up the earth thus, causing 

 ine production of other roots, and throwing those already 

 lonned below out of office, and thereby unnecessarily 

 exnausting the plants, much time is thus lost, and Nature 

 Plainly ind.cates the error of very deep planting or 

 monlding which, together with hoeing, is generally left 

 ■o long that many of the tender succulent roots are 



rnlH, *° r? e Senoas ,u J ur T o( the crop. Thus, in the 

 culture of this most essential root, the result of my ex- 



W T i , CM TOe t0 conc l«de the moulding a loss of 

 man' f~ \ deciued lf >jury to the crop, which to the poor 

 an onWf T°f beDefit P nnc ip»Uy I write, certainly is 

 extend n„ ir T c the land level « »l»o"'ng the roots to 

 Plant thp t i * within the in nuence of son and air. I 

 done fn V- ? Whole ' a little dee Per than is generally 

 proper f„ ?,* the ™ l fop a time ('■• »P««e being in> 

 keBtdn-. rt pUrpose )' and the weeds of course are 



Gram^r m ' Godsa ^ » 1he Hereford Times. 

 grafting t h ° ni ^ rons Plants.— The proper time for 

 tacee-fourtT 6 U When thevoun »? shoots have made aboui 

 as to break vl len gth, and are still so herbaceous 



the stock \* I \ 8hoot of Asparagua. The shoot of 

 terminal ua h ?° ken off about 2 incbes *■*" its 

 24 lines do • Ieaves are stri PP e(1 off frora 20 to 



t^ pairs ( T\ n ir ° m the extremit y ; leaving, however, 

 fracture \'w** °PP osit e, and clo«e to the section of 



shoot im Z lea¥es are of great importance 

 "^ is then Rnlif «,;*k ?*«*- . _J>- ,__._. 



two pairs of 



■c* 8 * is then 



it! leaves r £ ,c * jareu i the lower part being stripped of 



iQ the „ ' , e len S tu °' 2 inches, is cut, and inserted 

 ***. aUo in T^ ° f cIeft -grafcing. They may be 

 * ith aslinof ,ateral mann ^ The graft is tied 



*hole, to nr L* . n, and a C »P of paper is put over the 

 of U day. th Ct . trtm the sua and rain. At the end 

 Cnd ^ a m S °f P " renQoveu » and the ligature at the 



ltt ^whidiT at that time ' al8<> ' the two pairs of 

 8c ton«of th lVe serv f«l as nurses, are removed. The 



m a »easo n Z *° Tt \ ° f PineS wbicQ make two 8 rowths 

 8a P' Product J T technical phrase is, have a second 



2** of onU 0t ° f 5 ° r 6 inihes the first vear ; but 



1De » & C., mer T e SHP ' ** the Corsicar » P»"e, Weymouth 



and 'orm a *tr Y ' lpen lhe wood S rown before grafting, 



■wong terminating bud", which in the folio w- 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



33& 



ing year produces, a shoot of 15 inches or 2 feet in 



length.— Loudon's Jrborttttm Britanuicum, vol. iv., 

 pi 2130. 



Peas Mr. Shilling has rent oa specimens of his New 



E^riy Grotto Pea. which were gathered on the 20th ult. 

 He states that these were produced from seed sown in 

 the open ground on the iJth of last November. Judging 

 from the specimens sent, this is a fine large, good-look- 

 ing Pea, and will, no doubt, be found to be a very uselul 

 early variety. 



The Late. Mr. Loudon — George Charlwood, Esq., of 

 Covent Garden, London, has offered as a prize, at the 

 forthcoming Grand Horticultural Exhibition, to be held 

 at Bromley, Kent, a copy of the late Mr. Loudon's cele- 

 brated botanical work, the "Arboretum Britannicum," 

 value ten pounds, for the best collection of plants that 

 may be there exhibited. We are glad to see that a be- 

 ginning has been made in offering Mr. Loudon's works 

 as prizes for competition at botanical exhibitions. It is 

 a plan of aiding the subscription for the assistance of the 

 late estimable Mr. Loudon's family, that has often been 

 urged on the attention of Floral Societies, but hitherto 

 they have been heedless of all appeals of this sort. Better 

 things might have been expected from persons pretending 

 to have a love of gardening, and to be actuated by the 

 feelings of benevolence wnich the beauties of Floral 

 Nature are capable of inspiring in well-regulated minds. 

 It is a sordid and debasing craving for " gold and silver 

 raeduls " that has hitherto prevented this plan from being 

 generally adopted, to a certain extent, in all Floral Socie- 

 ties ; but it is to be hoped committees of management 

 (who ought to be above such avaricious considerations) 

 will at once act in the matter without reference to the 

 wishes of (mercenary) exhibitors. What can be considered 

 so honourable as to win a prize of one of Mr. Loudon's 

 works offered under the circumstances of providing a 

 competence for the independence of that lamented gentle- 

 man's bereaved family ? Not any " gold or silver medal," 

 we are certain, by any person who has a true love of the 

 elevating and humanizing science of flower cultivation ! 

 Mr. Loudon was the "gardener's friend" in the true 

 and best sense of the term, and his memory has a claim 

 on their regard which cannot be unheeded by those who 

 have any perception of their duty, and principle to per- 

 form it. If every Floral Society were to offer, according 

 to their pecuniary means, but one of Mr. Loudon's 

 publications as a prize for competition during the present 

 season, the object of his friends in making an effort to 

 dispose of his publications for the purpose of supplying 

 a competence for the support of his amiable widow and 

 only daughter, would be effectually accomplished, and an 

 obvious duty would be honourably performed. We hope 

 the Societies in this district will adopc the plan sug- 

 gested, and will have great competition for the prize 

 they offer, or we shall be half ashamed of their principles 

 and notions as regards the true value of a botanical prize. 

 The subject, we are sure, only wants broaching at Floral 

 Meetings to be instantly acted upon, and accompanied 

 with complete success. — Newcastle Advertiser. 



Climate of New Holland. 

 Meteorological Observations made at Port Arthur, during: the 

 year 1842. By T. Lkmpriekk, D.A.C.G. 



period (1827) only known to exi^t on the Society's group, 

 besides the two terrestrial plant* found by Forster 

 in New Zealand, mv visit to the Northern Island in 

 182(1 broutjht to light other two plants, of most re- 

 markable Port Jackson genera of Mr. Brown, viz., 

 Pterostylis and Acianthus ; and to t we the French 

 navigator, D'Urvilte, has added a fifth, a Diuris, 

 which, however, appears a doubtful species ; and as 

 the Work in which it has been published is not free 

 frora errors, it may be doubted whether it is indigenous 

 to New Zenland at all, as no particular locality is men- 

 tioned. The following is an enumeration of the species 

 thus made known to us : — 



1. Thelymitra Forsteri, in dry, open Fern-grounds. Bay of 

 islands. Wangaroa, Sic. ; flowering; in spring (Sept. and Oct.) 

 —2. Diuris Hovn Zeelmuiise.— a. Microtis Fors'en. Intheopea 

 tlmberless tracts, among; Fern, Bay of Islands, &c— 4. 



Afcianthus rfvnlaris. In the rocky bed of a rivulet, i » a ravine^ 



in the vicinity of Wan^aroa Harbour. North Island, on the 

 eastern coast 1620 .flowering in November;.— 5. Pterostylia 

 Bauksii, on the soft alluvial banks of the Kaua-kaua River, Bav 

 of Islands isafi. 



— Allan Cunningham. (Extract from an Unpublished 

 Letter). 



Baromktkr. 



H 



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2 



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Feb. . . . 

 March . 

 April .. 

 May . . . 

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Attached. 



External. 



30.260 

 .111.362 

 30.520- 

 30.270 

 3l>.300 



30.30(1 

 30-. 21)0 



July . . 



August. 30.268 

 Sipt. .. ,30.100 



October |30.05o 



Nov. .. 30.050 



Dec. 



For the 

 Year.. 



30.194 



2&.23-1 

 20.350 



20.118 



28.040 



9QtS2t 



28.018 

 20,060 



■-'9-184 

 •J9. 1 50 



29.050 



29.124 

 29.420 



£ 



3 



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54 

 55 

 51 



47 

 41 



38 



40 



a 



£ 



s 



82 



62.7 

 64.2 85 



60-7 77-8 

 54 71.5 



715 



30,520128.018 



29.792 76.2 



io'Om 78 



30027 6j.5 

 ■29 793 61 



29-712 1 64 



29.716 60 



W.697 56 

 29.88 1 56 



29 694 ^2 



.'9-565 62 



29.641 j 71. 5 41.5 58 \jii.5 



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&1.4 



47.2 68.5 

 47.4 62 

 40.2 47.5 65 

 46.8 54.5 72 

 44 52 74 



50 |63.6 

 53.6 66.5 



49.5 



62.1 



44.2 1 54.8 



39 |*1.9 

 35.5 4H.4 



29- s 7- 



29. 78§ 



8.5 



53 61.8 79 5 



78.5 



30 

 35 

 40 



41.5 



47.6 



49.4 



54.7 

 54.1 



45.5 60.2 

 48.5 62.3 



2.87 

 0.28 



0.09 

 3.81 



5.87 

 3.15 

 2.74 

 4.81 

 1.12 

 4.02 

 3.70 

 0.12 



38 55.155 35 



50.3 32.58 



ion 



The 



Latitude of Port Arthur, 43° 9' 6' S. Longitude, lfij° 5J'33"E. 



Height of Instruments above the Sea :— Barometer and Ther- 

 mometer, 65 ft. 5 inches. Pluviometer, 3 ft. 



First Swallow seen, 5th Sept. Hailstones 3 8 m. in duration, 

 7th Oct. First Bees swarmed, 17th Nov. 



— From the Tasmanian Journal. 



Orchidacets of New Zealand. — As but little is yet 

 known of the Flora of NewZe«land, such examples of its 

 vegetation as have been brought to England being, for the 

 most part, of the plants of the Northern island, gathered 

 at the River Thames, and at the Bay of Islands, and adja- 

 cent country, in the parallel of 35 deg., we cannot say to 

 wlat extent Orchidaceous Epiphytes may be distributed 

 on those inlands, for absolutely nothing is known of the 

 vegetation of the middle or larger one, beyond what was 

 observed at Dusky Bay, on its west coast, and Queen 

 iiarlotte's Sound, at its northern extremity, in the vor- 

 ages of Cook and Vancouver ; but as the Epidendrum 

 autumnale of Forster, which was originally discovered at 

 Dnsky Bay in 45f lat., is also abundant in humid 

 woods at the Bay of Islands in 35 (h?g., it is fair to con- 

 clude that the intermediate country, stretching through 1 1 

 deg. of latitude, is not wanting in otherspecu-s. I myself, 

 however, met with no other than the plant just named ; 

 but it appears, from the report of the Botanical part of 

 the collections formed during the voyage of L'Astrolabe, 

 that Captain D. D'Urville found at a port in New Zea- 

 land, to which he has attached the name of the corvette 

 he commanded, Dendrobium bifiorum, a plant at that 



CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 



For the ensuintf Week. 



I.— HOTHOCSH, CONSERVATORIES, &c. 

 Stovk-pla\*ts now require lar^e portion f air, plenty of 

 room, Htul rn much lifrht as the house will admit, in order to 

 ripen their growth properly. Woody plants and large specimens 

 should Dot bt* shaded, it pussihlc ; hut all lhe ung k raaf 

 have some light sluuiing thrown over the £las» in the middle 

 of tht day, when the sun is strong. Keep the temperature 



moist, and see that none of the plants suffer from the want of 

 water. 



Conservatory.— There are so many plants, and tribes of plants, 

 for keeping the Conservatory gay in summer, that I am at a 

 losstosiiy which are the best wnat to recommend, except ia 

 a general way. I am now visiting the great collections in and 

 near London, and whatever appears to me to be useful inform* 

 ation about conservatory plants, I shall mention it ia future 

 Calendars. The summer treatment of the Conservatory is so 

 uniform, that I shall have more room for notices of this kind. 

 The grand points to be observed are, never to let the air get 

 very i ry, if p< hie, all the summer ; to keep the house as cool 

 as the weather will allow, and to let the plauts never be 

 crowded toge her. 



Green/wuse. — A mixed greenhouse is an indifferent place for 

 ripening off the growths of Camellias and Chinese Azaleas, two 

 tribes, whose flowering ntxt year depends on the treatment they 

 receive at this tune. Close pit laded m the middle of the day, 

 and kept moderately moist, suit them best; but large specimens 

 cannot find head-room in these pits; and when these are 

 brought into vineries, or other large houses, where they stand 

 far ironx the gla^, they are better without any shade over them. 

 The greenhouse also requires to be kept moist »nd cool at night 

 through the summer. — /;. If. 



II. -FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 

 Out- door Department.— Where the planting out of half-hardy 

 plants is completed, the business of the Flower Garden tor some 

 time to come will, in a great measure, be merely routine ; sucti 

 as hoeing and raking, tying oM and pegging down, removing 

 dead flowers, and keeping everything and every place as it 

 ought to be, clean, neat, and tidy ; therefore, lengthened weekly 

 remarks will be unnecessary. Under the protection of a 

 mulching of short Grass, stick a few branches thinly in the 

 beds, and place an inverted pot over the mo^t tender plants; 

 my plants are progressing, though it is certainly but very slowly. 

 The morning of the isth of May, 1ml will long be remembered 

 by gardeners as one of the most severe on record at that season 

 of the yearj at half-past 3 a.m., the plants here were specked 

 with hoar frost, and ihe thermometer indicated Dearly 6° of 

 frost. The young* growths on some of the trees are killed, 

 especially in exposed situations, and most assuredly the greater 

 part of my bedding out plants would have been numbered 

 imong the things that were," bad they not fortunately been 

 covered up. Newly- planted things, especially where not 

 mulched, will require strict attention as to wateiing; and 

 where the planting out is not completed, proceed with u as fast 

 as possible, as 1 find the plant* are making root, and therefore 

 will be ready when the rain fails. Where they are admired 

 late in the season, a lew more Annuals may be sown for late 

 blooming, and a few may also be kept in pots as ''stop-gaps'* 

 in case of need. 



American Garden.— Remove the flowers and seed-pods as fast 

 as they get shabby, winch will add materially to the strength 

 of the plants. Cue the beds a good flooding of water, if, unlike" 

 my friend R. F. below, you can afford to be so liberal. The 

 pegging or tying out of the i>iants should be no longer delayed. 

 Reserve Garden.— Double Wallflowers, Mule Pinks*, and some 

 common Dianthuses, Allysums, Phloxes, Perennial Iberises^ 

 and many kiwis el dwarf Cistus and Helianthemums maybe 

 propagated under haod-glosses in a shaded situation, and wttt 

 be found very useful next spring. — W. P. A. 



III. — FLORISTS' FLOW S. 

 Auriculas.— Keep free from weeds; occasionally watering and 

 stirring the surface. Ofl s may be taken off il rooted ; place 

 them round the side of the pots, in compost before recom- 

 mended. Polyanthuses.— Where the seed- vessels are swelled, 

 shmriti- a n y de c ay ed Anftet remain, theymustbe removed, as thejr 

 are liable to retain moisture to the detriment of the seed. 

 Tulips.— Remove trie awning and let the flowers have all tber 

 weather; where seed is aot required, break off the capsules. 

 Do not neglect the bed*? became their beauty is over, but re- 

 move all weeds as they appear. Ranunvuiu&es .— After a ahower 

 water between the n-ws with liquid manure, or with Potter's 

 liquid guano. Do not wet the oiia^-e. Carnations. — Unless 

 Carnations are carefully tied, the wind will break or twist off the 

 shoots; worsted is the best material*) fasttn with. As Literals 

 are thrown out from the sides they may be pinched off in order 

 tostrengthen the or; .ertfhwei*. Pinks.— Prepare abed in a shady 

 situation, com nosed of sandy-peat and leaf-soil, equal parts; 

 cuttings or pipings may be put in under ha mi-glassefras soon as 

 the Grass is si mtiy firm. Dahhus.— Let the stakes be put 



to the plants av so**n as convenient; when dehtved much longer 

 the root is otte 4 n injured by the insertion.—/. F. W. 



IV.-P1NKFUES, Vl»£RiK.S,&c. 

 Pm^.-Now is a good tune to go through the whole stork 

 of succession Pine plants, beginning With the largest sired. Let 

 them be taken out < t the pit without tying the leaves, (which 

 often .loos more harm than good, J and the roots examined in 

 rotation, M bee il they require shitting. Many of them wU he 

 for fru ting in the winter or early spring; these, if the roots are 

 plentiful and strung, should now have tfeeff final shift. Follow 

 with the smaller plants, putting them into larger or smaller pots 

 according to their vigour. Someof the old tan wi:l probabi* re- 

 quire replacing with fresh ; but it i> requisite to use cautwn « 

 to the depth ol fresh tan at this season, (or fear oi m' 



If the heat of the old bed is not much belom *v\ it will oe suffi- 

 cient to turn it over to J he depth of two or three get- JhJ 

 placing the plants, observe to keep those most hkely ">'"*" . m 

 the autumn by themselves as much as possible, in oraer mat 

 they may b* removed without disarranging the whole pit. ine 

 plants shouid now be allowed plenty uf room, that tHey may nut 

 be drawn up by one another. 



