3 60 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[June i, 



they are a few inches in length. Be careful not to tyring* 

 Grape* after th ire stoned, as the bloom is never so -me 

 upon them if ftjrtafiDg is continued too long. Keep a dry 

 Difht atmosphere. 



Pearls.— An the first house of this esteemed fruit is t in many 

 gardens, now beginning to ripen, it may not be amiss to repeat 

 that heat, accompanied by plenty of air during the day, Is ne- 

 cessary to give flavour and colour to the crop; and on the 

 occurrence of sunless days, I have made slight fires to raise the 

 temperature, rather than keep the house close. From 65° to 

 70° degrees by night, with a dry atmosphere, must be main- 

 tained. The second hoaM will require the strictest attention to 

 watering the borders, and syringing the trees. 



Fig House.— Continue the treatment recommended in former 

 calendars. Young trees will require constant attention to 

 stopping the more vigorous shoots, so as to obtain a proper 

 supply of side-shoots and spurs. 



Melons.— Pay attention to the renewing of linings when re- 

 quired, lest in case of dull weather occurring the plants should 

 receive a check. Be careful to supply them with sufficient 

 water. A few seeds should now be sown for the last crop.— G.F. 

 V.— HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN-GARDEN. 



Fig-trees.— Finch out the points of shoots that are rather ram- 

 pant; this will cause the young fruit to swell better, and will 

 have a tendency to render the shoots more fruitful. In making 

 afresh plantation, secure a dry situation, and keep the plant 

 growing from one stem, as the sucker-like appearance which 

 our Fig-trees generally present is a great drawback to their 

 proper management. Vines in favourable situations should 

 have the fruitful shoots shortened an eye beyond the bunch, and 

 these shoots so thinned, that the Vines will be able 

 to perfect the bunches. Hoare's system of management 

 is the best for open walls in general cases. Cucumbers 

 and Mushrooms. — Get your ridge Cucumbers out as soon 

 as possible; there is nothing gained by planting them 

 earlier, where you have any frames at command. The beds I 

 have put up consist of 6 inches of long Grass put in a trench, 

 and covered witli 4 Inches of half-rotted duns. On the dung, 

 Mushroom-spawn was inserted, and the whole covered with 2 

 inches of soil ; 6 inches m re soil were placed under each hand- 

 light. The Mushrooms will not appear until the stems of the 

 Cucumbers, &c. will have so extended, that their leaves will 

 shade and keep them cool. I have tried the same plan with 

 beds of Carmts, &c, but the pulling of the crop disturbs the 

 spawn. Many schemes must be tried to obtain good Mush- 

 rooms during summer, where materials are scarce, and shady 

 places and cool cellars not to be obtained. 



Endire and Chiron/. Sow a little for early use, and a greater 

 breadth of each by the middle of the month. Chicory will make 

 large heads, if transplanted thinly into rich soil. If fine roots are 

 an object, treat it much the same as you would do Carrots .-R.F. 



VI.— ARBORICULTURE. 



Old Woods.— If there has been any felling and peeling done 

 this season, after the bark is dried and removed, the timber, 

 faggots, and loose stuff should be cleaxed away as soon as pos- 

 sible; fences should be r I, so that the young shoots that 

 spring from the stools may be secure from injury; this is a 

 matter of much importance, and should therefore be strictly 

 attended to. 



Coppice.— Where felling and peeling has been performed this 

 season, the woods should be cleared of all the produce as 

 quickly as possible. 



Young Plantations.— If quick and profitable growth is wanted, 

 after the plantations are made, the directions which I have so 

 often given respecting their after management should be borne 

 in mind, and, what is of more importance, put in practice, 

 particularly during the growing season.. 



Nursery Work.— This has been a trying season for trans- 

 planted seedlings, plants, and trees; many may, however, yet 

 be saved that are apparently de:»d or dying, by heading them 

 off, or cutting them well in. Shading and watering should 

 also be attended to.— W. B. 



Stat* of th^ Weather near London for the week ending May 30, 1844, as 



observed at the Hor tural Gardeo, Chiiwiok. 



Moon '* 



May 



H 



Aire. 



frid. 94 



Sat. 85 



Hun. 99 



Mon. Wl 



Tues. 2* 



W*d. 29 



Thun. 30 





7 



I 



9 



10 



U 

 19 

 13 



3" 

 30 1 



ao.ioo 



■ 



S9.935 



30.028 



Min. 



99-968 



ao.!>i9 



30.155 

 30.125 

 S9.P56 

 29 9*7 



30.002 



- Wind- Rain. 



Areraae 

 May 



30ORI 



aO.OW GO 4 i 43 7 



f4 Odd, with dusky white clouds; fine; densely overcast. 



— 25 Overcast and cold; fine, with white clouds; Very clear. 



— 96 CK udy, with cold dry wind ; clear at night 



— 27 Cloudy and cold, with brisk N.E. wind ; cold showers; clear; iain 

 ■■ 28 Cloud, with very dry easterly wind ; rather boisterous; overcast. 



— 29 Overcast and colsl ; slight drizzle ; rain at night. 

 ™ 30 Cloudy throughout. 



Mean temperature of the week, 4 2deg. below the average. 



late of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 13 years, for the ensuing 



Week ending June 8, 1844. 



^ m ^.j — _ — 



Vrt-vailiag Winds. 



June 



Aver. 



Highest 

 Temp. 



Sun. 2 

 Mon. r 3 

 Tuet. 4 

 Wed. 6 

 Thur. 6 

 Frf. 7 

 Sat. B 



No. of 

 Yeats in 

 which it 

 Rained. 



7 

 6 

 8 

 

 10 

 6 



5 



\ 





Greatest 

 quantity 

 of Rain. 



0.33 in. 



091 



0.76 



064 



0.2t 



0.53 



0.10 



» 





- 8 



1 2 





2 



1 

 2 



1 



T 



2 

 4 

 3 

 3 

 3 

 .1 

 A 



4 



6 



3 



2 



2 



1 



1 



5 

 3 

 4 



5 



2 

 3 



4 



2; 



3 

 4 



3 

 3 



8 



2 

 1 



Th. highest temperature during the abort period ocenrred on the 2nd, 

 1M4— therm. 84°; and the lowe«t on the 3rd, 1837— therm. 35°. 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Almoin and Rani/vci/lus.— Rugby.— It is most probable 

 that the compost used for the Anemones was too rich. The 

 failure in your Ranunculus bed has arisen from the season, 

 the prevailing cold winds, and the long-continued drought*. 



Bbks.— Geo. Payne.— Your letter is an advertisement in disguise. 



Chicory. — A Subscriber. — As we obtain more information upon 

 this new branch of cultivation we will give it. The mode of 

 preparing it is merely to cut the roots into sqnares, the size 

 or dice, kiln dry and roast them. Whether it is an improve- 

 ment to Coffee is a matter of taste. Those who want to have 



wHT erve9 v exci ' ed by the bev *rage ™» Prefer pure Coffee ; 

 but those who wish for wholesome, agreeable heverage, and 



r^rorL W8nt the "^ement, will prefer Chicory, which, in 

 2?r2K TnVf »K Uy ,m P roves °<*h the quality and the effects 



; a C °! wEL k Sy8t t m ; We do not know anything about 



Mangel * urzel beer ; but no doubt it would make? when 



fermented, a strong and harmless beverace 



Da Msoxs.-Expansa.-The Shropshire and Common Damsons 



may be reproduced nearly of the ne quality from the stone J 



Diseases.- O^.Aron. -We have fully discussed yom case in'L 



Leading Article. The Pe^ch trees from yourmWae no 



doubt ill ripened, hut in a less degree than thosiinVe open 



air. Smith's book is useful; but you will find the short 



instructions in the late Mr. Lindley's « Guide to the Orchard •• 



containing all that need be, or can be said, to anv eoort 



purpose, upon the management of the Peach tree 



Fios.— Thomas Milne.-Two of the best varieties for planting 



•gainst a south wall arc the Brown Turkey and Brunswick « 



Fuchsia Sew.— Elizabeth.— a* the seeds of Fuchsia do not 



require more than a temperate heat to cause germination it 



is probable that the vital principle has rather been suspended 



than quickened. They will mo-t likely remain six weeks oi 

 even two months longer. Keep the soil in as uniform a state 

 cf moisture as possible, and, rather than allow it to become 

 parched, place an inverted flower-pot, dish, or pan, resting it 

 upon the rim of your seed- pot, during intense sun-light, and 

 during all other times allow the pot to be exposed. The above 

 precaution is a good expedient, where external shading is 

 impracticable or inconvenient. Plants, generally, cannot 

 have too much light, when modified with other agencies ; but, 

 with seeds, it is vice versa up to the period of germina- 

 tion. W. W. 

 Garde.v Tool.— Chemical Jack.— The accompanying woodcut 



represents a good description of 

 Garden Tool for rooting up 

 Dandelions, Docks, &c. 



Grapes.— Dido. — The extremities 

 of your Vine-shoots have been 



checked by cold.|| A Young 



Grape grower. — The prizes 



awarded for Grapes by the 

 judges at the Chiswick Exhi- 

 bitions are not solely accord- 

 ing to the weight of the bunches ; 

 the whole of their merits, as 

 regards handsome bunches, size 

 of berries, colour, and flavour, are taken into consideration. 

 Grass Cuttings.— C. B.—lt is not so well to fork the short 

 Grass with which you have mulched your American bed 

 into the ground before it is decomposed, as to remove it and 



leave it in heaps till decayed. 

 Hkatisg.— Cornish.— There is no reason why you should not 

 use closed slate tanks for heating the air of your house, pro- 

 vided the Delabole quarries will furnish a material that will 

 stand heat. But some kinds of slate split when heated, and 

 therefore cannot be employed instead of pipes, &c. You 

 could easily divide the interior from a tank, by a contrivance 

 like that at p. 804, 1843, from Mr. Beck's garden, and so 



work the two halves independently of each other. N. J. A. 



—If a boiler heated with a powerful lamp will keep frost out 

 of a greenhouse, so would the lamp without the boiler, pro- 

 vided the loss of heat can be prevented. We would, how- 

 , ever, advise you to take a copper boiler such as we have 

 mentioned. It requires no brickwork, or setting, but can be 

 used just like an Arnott stove. Only you must take care to 

 place such a stove in the middle of your tiny greenhouse. 

 Loudon's "Suburban Gardener" would probably answer your 



purpose. 



Insects.— P.— The bunches of Currants from the Oak, are galls 

 formed hy a Cynips, called, I believe, Quercus pedunculi— 

 specimens of which accompanied the Oak-twig. We will take 



the first opportunity of illustrating this subject. R. 0. £,.— 



Your insect is the larva of a beetle called Timarcha tenebri- 



cosa; it feeds upon Goose-grass very freely R. B.— The 



injects infesting your Cucumber- plants are a species of Thrips, 

 no doubt, but the leaves being quite matted together by pres- 

 sure, none could be found. They may be extirpated by fumi- 

 gation. 71.— Myrtle.— The beetles destroying your Peach-leaves 

 are the Curculio tenebricosus. The blighted foliage is either 

 occasioned by aphides or mildew. The Clover is the Trifolium 



pratense./i. A Constant Reader.— At p. 509, vol. II., of 



this Journal, the history of the Froth-fly was given. The eggs 

 are supposed to be deposited on the young twigs or buds, 

 which are formed to produce leaves the succeeding spring : 

 we hope you will be able to confirm or refute this opinion. R. 



> T. M.— We cannot say that the snails do not eat the 



roots of your Orchidaceous plants, amongst which they, in 

 all probability, breed— but that may easily be ascertained by 

 a little attention at night. If Cabbage-leaves were strewed 

 about the house, we presume these pests might be readily 

 collected and destroyed. The leaves should be first held 

 before the fire, to make them flaccid ; and if a little fresh 

 butter or fat be sparingly rubbed over the surface with the 



hand or a rag, it is said to make them more pal atablcR. A 



Norman. — The galls on your Oak-tree being unknown to me, I 

 should feel obliged by your favouring me with your address, 

 as I wish to investigate the subject without delay. The grub 

 is the larva of a Crane-fly. The eggs were laid by a common 



white butterfly, Papilio brassica;. R. A Subscriber. — Please 



to send us, in a box, a portion of an infested leaf, with the 

 insects upon it. The fumigation with sulphur must be re- 

 peated; and if the chinks be previously stopped, so as to 

 render the frame air-tight, or nearly so, it must destroy the 

 animals. You can place a saucer of spirits of turpentine in 

 j our frame ; but we have had no experience as to its effects on 

 Cucumber plants, and shall be glad to have your opinion. R. 



Delta.— The only chance of getting rid of the Aphides, as 



you cannot employ fumigation, will be to put into your 

 greenhouse all the L-idy-birds (Coccinellae) you can find; 



they will soon increase there, and clear off the enemy. R. 



J. D.—l cannot give you the specific name of the Julus,from 



Calcutta, for which I am much obliged. R. K. O. will find 



the Apis lanigera figured and described at p. 116, 1844. R. 



Manures.— J. Mel.— It is an incontrovertible principle that the 

 best manure which can be given to a plant is the same species 

 in a decayed state, with the addition of such matters as are 

 lost in the process of decay. Therefore Peach- cuttings are 

 the best manure for Peach-trees, as far as they go. But, since 

 a good deal of matter in the form of fruit and flowers is 

 carried off and cannot be restored, other matter in aid of the 

 Peach-cuttings would be necessary where the soil is exhausted. 

 "-~ -J* H - H-— Bone charcoal is a good manure, and is proba- 

 bly better than naked phosphate of lime ; only that, as phos- 

 phoric acid is the important part of bone manure, much more 

 hone charcoal than pure phosphate of lime would be required 



to produce a given effect. A Subscriber.— All plants that 



like manure at all prefer it in its liquid form. They should 

 have it weak and frequently, when in full growth. No 

 coniferous plants will bear manure of any sort. 



N ^ MB £./? P Pla * t s.-.E. T. O.-Brasavola nodosa. 



jcT'T yoporum adscendens-not an Anthocercis. 

 — — -a Subscriber.— Sagina procumbens. The leaves of bulbs 



ought to be quite dead before they are removed. J. C.L- 



Aspasia lunata.--^. TT.-l, Tillasa verticillaris ; 2, Allium 

 montanum; 3, Tnchonema purpurascens ; 4, Ruelliapumilio; 

 5, Pomax hirta. Pray do not send any more dried specimens. 

 Rr7r"£h , i««t ? m 4i Ll J?* rtl * from New Holland ; not a 



?*«£« rnh^ 1 " T -Ch«nostoma hispidum. Sussex.- 



Gesnera tubiflora, a very fine thing. A. Z.-Bo-siaea 



m.crophyl la. — A. S. G.-The pink variety of HardenberS 

 monophylla Depend upon it Kennedya coccinea had nothfnl 



S.nr t W h a ?hl 8 e P f aren H ta f e - Y ° Ur " MoM " is th e root of some 

 plant that has found its way into the water. J B -Cris! 



~j m MM*ti? d SS ^ iety ° f Schi -nthus pinna C tus: 



—- J. M.n v.h ham -Mills biflora A.-Duranta Plumieri • 



Anigozanthos hicolor ; Fuchsia, not in a state to be named ' 

 apparently gracilis. C. I. C.-Cirrhaea saccata. Your 



S*n 1°™T 8 P ( f cl0 i am wlU ? ot ^wer without more heat 

 than you give it. Moreover, it must be well rested for 3 or 4 



months.-- -A L«rfy.-Ageraturaconyzoides. On no account 

 use guano to Coniferre. OUIIt 



Pzars.- Expama i.-Now is the time to cover with soil the 

 branch of your favourite Pear-tree which you have laid down 



w2 f a k h W h 1 • lt f ™? ilnSi but you would better have the 



variety budded in July.] c 



Pei ARGONiUMS.-iVo. 43.-We donot think decomposed Laurel 



p! 8 k ^ 0l , a e ' ! nd Tf have lon * since disappeared. 

 Perhaps the leaves turn yellow and drop off in consequence 

 or the house being too cold and dry. Your soil seems ouite 

 proper. Are you sure that Red Spider is not at work ' 

 RHonoDBNDRoxs.— J/i</n.-Your plants are dying from drought. 



They may probably be saved by a good toprdTelsTmToT Cow 



Substitute for Glass.— iV. W. Tanner.— The snep5m-« , 

 cloth we have received, that has been rendered wsternrn r u 

 your composition is, in everyway, like Mr. Whitney'.. I 

 is equally transparent. t J ' %TU * 



The Ccclmber.— Ignoramus.— Itis no doubt the fashion am*,* 

 some well-bred persons to call a Cucumber a Cowcomerh ? 

 we never heard them assign any other reason for the nrarr 

 than that they were accustomed so to call it. It was formp • 

 usual to call Birmingham Brummagem, and Asnara* 

 Sparrow-grass; Cowcomer is defensible upon the i™ 

 ground as they are, and on no other. They are all th 

 barbarisms of a fashion that is passing away. 



Whitney's Composition.— G. W.— Parties using this preoara 

 tion are recommended to employ strong glazed calico or Iiifh 

 linen, as it is equally transparent as muslin, and much mor? 

 durable. I have growing under Irish linen Ispahan, Cuthell'i 

 Mills's, and Scarlet Melons, in the greatest luxuriance- on 

 the two former the fruit very fine, and nearly riDe r.in'nr* 

 set 16th of April* * y Qts » 



Miscellaneous.— W. I?. —Of your plants, Nos. l, 2, 3 and 5 

 are hardy j 4 is a stove plant. All are worth' growin* 



except 5. % A Friend.— We would recommend you to speak 



to the party who supplies you with the Paper, as we do not 



ourselves fold a single copy at the office. George.— We are 



greatly obliged by your good intentions, but would stronelr 

 recommend you to read more before you become an author 

 The paper would be a fair physiological exercise, but it con* 

 tains views which more information and experience would 

 alter, and is therefore unfit for publication. The term cam- 

 bium is only another name for the organic mucus of vegetation" 



See " Lindley's Introduction to Botany," passim. Mad 



ready.— Such a specimen as you describe can be exhibited 



at Chiswick under the letters DD. H. G.—A. very dry 



light border under a hot south wall must necessarily be unfit 

 for any plant whose roots do not penetrate deep. You had 

 better give up all thoughts of growing Anemones and such 

 plants in it. It would suit bulbs if they were put in by the 

 end of September; but it would be more advantageous to 

 fill it with China Roses and similar ornamental bushes, which 

 will keep the place always gay or green, or both. If yon 

 will have herbaceous plants you must give the border every 

 year a good dressing of cow-dung, with which one-sixth part 

 of Peruvian guano is mixed. It would be greatly improved 



if you could add a good dressing of stiff loam. W. H. H.— 



Your flowers were noticed last week under the initials 



"J. M. H."* W. K.— You will find excellent practical 



directions for the management of Hyacinths at pp. 107, 1842, 



and 36, 1843 J X. Y. Zy.—lt is very uncertain whether the 



seed of your Pelargonium will produce a flower like that it 

 was raised from. It is all chance. At the same time, it is 

 probable that a handsome parent will produce a handsome 

 seedling. In trying the experiment remove all the other 

 flowers, so as to throw as much strength as possible into 



that you leave. Will a Connaught Gardenerbe kind enough 



to give us his address ? 



SEEDLING FLORISTS' FLOWERS. 



Calceolarias. — R. P.— Your seedling was too shrivelled.*—— 

 H. N. B. — Having examined your collection of seedlings, we 

 do not feel justified, from what we have seen, in speaking of 

 them in the terms which some parties have used who have 

 seen them ; we consider them rather behind the present im- 

 proved race of this beautiful flower. Many of your varieties 

 want form, others are common, such flowers as we have 

 looked at years past; and many of them are very small. Such 

 flowers as the Jewess, Dulcinea, Mrs. Coone, Anne, Eliza, are 

 the best ; Purity, Amulet, Emma, &c. are too long in form. 

 The progress made this season in the Calceolaria has been 

 very great.* 



Cinerarias.— J. B. H.—Of your seedlings, No. 1 is poor in 

 colour; 2, we have much better in the same way ; 3, fine 

 blue; 4, fine blue, but petals too narrow; 5, very poor; 6, 

 ditto; 7, ditto; 8, ditto; 9, there are many better of the same 

 colour; 10, petals too narrow; 11, poor colour; 12, very 

 good blue; 13, very common; 14, wants colour and size; 

 15, a bright and pretty crimson variety ; 16, from the peculiar 

 tint of the blue, makes a good variety ; 17, disk too large, and 



petals too narrow.* 1. B.— Your seedling is distinct from 



others we have seen j dark disk, straw-coloured centre, 

 having the petals tipped with crimson purple, with a darker 

 stripe running down the centre of the petal, which gives it 

 the appearance of being striped. We cannot say how it 

 would look in a mass.* . . , 



Fuchsia.— J". IT.— There is nothing in your seedling Fuchsia 

 to distinguish it from many others. It is large, altogether of 

 a rosy crimson, and wanting the purple in the corolla. 

 W. G.—As you justly observe, «« the flowers of your seedling 

 are not so large as many of the new varieties, but in colour, 

 foliage, and habit, it is greatly superior to most of them. 

 The colour of the tube and sepals are of a bright rich carmine, 

 with a corolla of a beautiful purple.* 



Pansies.— Z. A.— Your flower, from not being packed up in 

 wet Moss, was quite dry. From what we could see of it, ic 

 appears to be large, and of fine colour, texture, »»'*}, S S?T 



stance.* J. P. Bath.— The seedlings received witn ine 



above initials are magnificent specimens ; they are the largest 

 Pansies we have seen ; but with their extraordinary size, 

 they possess a certain degree of coarseness. Defiance, em- 

 peror of China, the Great Mogul, have rough edges i»n» 

 petals, and are not so perfect as stand flowers ought to i or. 

 The Sultana is much better in properties, and wan is 

 but the ground colour of a clearer yellow in the side pecanj 

 to make it a desirable Show flower. They are large, oigu^« 

 substance, and will be a great ornament to the border. 

 J. L. //.-No. 9, a fair flower, but possessing no qua 11 "^",. 

 ticularly 

 variety 



appears ratner tnin, out inie may in p»«*' ""^^ • -.^onded 



liar circumstances under which the blossom was «psnu ^ 

 10 is a very fine flower in substance, colour, ana /° rm J llic h it 

 is a very slight dash of sulphur in the bottom P eta, ' w f0 rm. 

 would be desirable it should lose. 1 1 possesses nne i . 

 good substance, with a little too much orange m ^^J, 

 Your Jewess is also a very fine variety.* — -*• C ne0 f 

 white seedling is fine in colour, and in the precise mari m & q{ 

 the eye, but rather deficient in substance : and tne J" B 7 ^ a 

 the petals have too uneven and fringy a character, w o. / ^ 

 purple of the deepest dye, good in form, the edge . _ 



petals even, thick, and of a velvety character.* \' e " ^ nm 



A large flower of fine proportion, named the Marqui s or - 

 trose; the flower generally is of a rich purple, ey 

 ground colour white but little seen, and where it J on 

 purple it is mixed with blue, which gives it a^oiurry 

 racter, and the flower appears to want .substance. fl _ 



Pelargoniums.— P. P.— The want of form is the gre* 

 ciency in your seedlings ; the petals are all long, ana to ^ 

 row, which gives the flowers a very loose a PP, ea ^^, w hite 

 peculiarity you notice in No. 1 arises probably from iw 



centre.* G. L .-Your seedling is a fair common ^>"% €T * 



it possesses none of the superior properties of a snow- - 



A Young Beginner.-Your flower had fallen to V * 



but from the petals it appears to want form and suosi 



It is pretty from its extreme delicacy.* ,.„„♦--., nlnsh 



Verbenas.-J. A.-Yom seedling Verbena, Enchantress ,o 



or pink, is a beautiful variety; truss large ^^^i'deiicate 

 the flowers flat and large, with a fine surface a nrt ,^ yoar 

 colour ; one of the best of the light varieties.*- — «• £• , ot 

 Verbena was quite shrivelled up on its arrival, and coum 

 be revived.* 



