366 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



jmtable, that by good management, the farmer gets a 

 decent profit upon those animals Which make his farm- 

 yard manure, hence it costs him little or nothing ; and 

 the Author is, therefore, justified in placing it as low as 

 two shillings per Ion ; being the estimated incidental ex- 

 penses attending it. 



The costs of the carriage of manures, in the following 

 reports, are also placed at the actual amount incurred by 

 the farmer, and not, as is too common, at the usual rate 

 of 



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EXPERIMENTS WITH TURNIPS. -1842. 



o 



Description of 

 Manure. 



Quantity- 

 applied 

 per Acre. 



1 



a 



3 



4 



(inano 



Hones (dutt) 



Hones ($ inch) 



Farm Yard 



r Gypsum 



I Farm Yard 



Farm Yard 



ones, mixed) 

 with Seed.... ) 

 None .... 



Cost of 



Manure 



including 



Carriage. 



3 Cwt. at 20*. 



3 Qrs. at Uff. 



3 Qrs. at 20*. 

 18 Tons, at 2*. 



2 Cwt. at 3*. \ 

 10 Tons, at 2s. / 

 10 Tons, at 2s. \ 



I J Qrs. at 205. J 



£ 

 3 

 3 

 3 

 2 



s. 

 



6 

 

 



d. 

 6 

 8 

 8 

 6 



f t • • 



• w 



1 8 10 



2 12 10 



Weight of 



Produce 



per Acre. 



t. c. a.lb. 

 16 7 2 16 

 16 9 3 

 13 1 2 

 15 3 2 



13 13 1 



2 

 13 



V 

 14 



17 7 l 3 



8 13 3 15 



EXPEKIMKNTS WITH TURNIPS.— 18«. 



o 



Description of 

 Manure. 



Guano , 



Aktiticial 

 Mixturx. 



I'Bonca 



\ Sulphate of Am- 

 ) monia 



]Pearl Ash , 



[Sulphate of Soda 

 \Common Salt 

 None , 



Quantity 



applied 

 per Acre. 



} 



3 Cwt. at 20s. 



4 Bus. at 2*. 6d 



i Cwt. at 28s. 



3 lbs. at 2\d. 

 7 lbs. at 6rf. 

 i Cwt. at 3d. 



Cost of 

 Manure, 

 including 

 Carriage. 



£ 



3 



s. 







d. 

 6 



Weight of 

 Produce 

 per Acre. 



T. G.Q.lb. 



19 7 1 18 



1 7 18 8 3 U 



v 



u w- 



E p P 3 ~ 3 ** 

 2 r. 3 ra OS: 



. * o S** . • - 



: 

 : 



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09 



Miscellaneous. 



TJie Adelaide Observer contains the following, under 

 the head of " A New Road to Wealth : "— " It has been 

 found out that by boiling down sheep, both ewes and 

 wethers, from 25 lbs. to 30 lbs. of tallow can be obtained 

 from each sheep ; which, at the moderate calculation of 

 3 l 2 d. a-pound, will yield from 7*. 3±d. to 8s. 9rf., or up- 

 wards of a hundred per cent, more than has been realised 

 of late years for the living animal. But adding to this 

 the value of the wool, skin, mutton, hams, &c, the sum 

 total will not be less than 14s. 3irf. per sheep. ' If this 

 result be too flattering,' says the Sydney Herald of the 

 24th June, ' let the odd 4s. Z%d. be taken off, and even 

 then it is demonstrated that, in the very depth of winter, 

 when the fleece is in the worst possible state, the intrinsic 

 ralue of a sheep is 10s. ; and even deducting a round 20 

 per cent, from this, we have still the cheering minimum 

 of 8s. Contrasted with the nominal value which sheep 

 bore a month ago, this is an advance at once most extraor- 

 dinary and exhilarating V It is estimated that there are 

 4,000,000 of sheep in New South Wales, which yield a 

 surplus stock annually of 1,000,000; and supposing the 

 number which are slaughtered and die to be nearly 600,000, 

 the settlers will be able, without diminishing the number 

 kept in the colony, to boil down 400,000 sheep ; which 

 will yield them for exportation every year, at a moderate 

 computation, 6,000,000 lbs. of tallow and 400,000 sheep- 

 skins,— the tallow being reckoned at 100,000/., and the 

 skins at 30,000/., besides mutton-hams ! A correspondent 

 of the Australasian Chronicle, who had examined some 

 of the tallow produced by boiling down sheep, thus reports 

 upon its quality—' The tallow produced from the kidnevs 

 is much superior to any Russia white-candle tallow" I 

 ever saw, and would, I doubt not, realise in the London 

 market 4s. per cwt. more. The second quality is a good 

 clean article, but would perhaps not realise within 2s. or 

 3s. per cwt. of Russian yellow-candle tallow.' We must 

 give the caution which our Sydney contemporary gives to 

 his constituents—' Use the golden opportunity of bettering 

 your circumstances which has so miraculously turned up 

 —use it thankfully— use it promptly— but use it advisedly 

 and with moderation. A sheep shorn may live to be shorn 

 again, but a sheep boiled is gone for ever.' * 



Risk attendant on the Possession of different Animals 

 at various Ayes.— Losses by fatal accident are different, 

 according, not only to the different species of cattle, but 

 to different ages, as the following Table shows :— 



. If* ACCOIiniVO TO PKR CKNTAGK OK VALUE. 



From birth till weanin? . 



— weaning till l year old 



— 1 to 2 years .... 



— 2 to 3 years ... 

 During time of use . 



Horses. 

 5 

 4 

 3 

 3 

 5 



Burger's Economy of Farming. 



Kine. 



Sheep. 



3 



10 



2 



8 



2 



7 



1.5 



5 



2 



5 



19 



6 

 3 

 3 

 4 



Notices to Correspondents. 



B Tuir T 6n'Z7Z e d0 "<* k »™ rework on sheep and 

 u IIm ~ I in f °. r . me r snb J ect . S(? e Mr. Spooler's lately pub- 

 lished work, Blacklock's Treatise, &c. On the latter see the 



Knowledge.-— J. B. - Swinborne's •♦Farmer's Complete 



[June l, 



wants lime, and the sea-sand you" 8 ^k~o7 = ifr5cTr^aMte 

 application will be beneficial. wc * r ^ *■ 



Homic Earth.-P.- Vegetable mould generall contain* . 

 considerable quantity of free humic acid. 



Ltjcern-k.— Banks of the Deane.— It should t^e been sown in 

 the middle of April. Good farm-yaid m- ut ""e, at the rate of 

 30 yards per acre, well incorporated w vn the soil, is as Qse fn 

 a tillage as any, for this, as well p- other crops. 3 C wt of 

 guano, and 2 cwt. of gypsum, p<- &c ™, mixed, spread broad 

 cast and harrowed in a week Jefore sowing, would probabir 

 answer your purpose. T 



Manures.— P. Drill.— Us«- a tin scoop, and sow the guanna«j 

 ashes broad-cast by b- ld i harrow it well in, and after waS. 

 ridge up for Turnip? , The best way, perhaps, of apnl T i n p. fS 

 sulphuric acid a- d bon es is in solution, before sowing il 

 means of a wa*r-cart. (See Mr. Purchas's directions in hX 

 day's Leadi«S Article.) The difference between fresh and 

 old wood*shes is, in the former containing a portion nf 

 caustic alkali, which will volatilise any ammonia it mavmp#.J 

 with, while in the latter this causticity has been neutraliwS 

 bv the union of the alkali with the carbonic acid of the air 

 ?V r e should doubt the usefulness of applying the solution 

 of nitrate of soda in the way you propose. 



Names of Plants.- Jack o' Kent. -Your plant is Colchienm 

 autumnale, or Meadow Saffron— a virulent poison mi £ 

 capable of producing all the mischief among cattle which von 

 describe. We do not know what can be added to the inform 

 ation already given about guano, but will consider 



Root Crops.— T. P.-" Fresh-raised clay" will not interfere 

 with the action of the manure, but it is very likely to inter 

 fere with your efforts to bring your land to a sufficiently fine 

 tilth for root-crops. We are unable to answer, the same week 

 that we receive them, letters which reach the office after 

 Wednesday. 



Thb Pip or Gapes.— Poultry Fancier.— See " Home Corre- 

 spondence." 



Victoria Wheat.— A. ff.-We do not know it. 



Wood Ashks.— T. 31.— The idea that these will drive off am- 

 monia from guano, when mixed with it, depends for its accul 

 racy upon the presence in them of caustic alkali; you will 

 find that in recommending their admixture with guano we 

 have named always old wood-ashes, as in them, after a long 

 exposure to the carbonic acid of the air, there is less likeli. 

 hood of the presence of any free alkali. Perhaps, though a 

 more expensive, it may be a safer way to supply the deficiency 

 of alkali in guano by adding carbonate of soda. We should 

 be sorry to consign the doctrines of the advantage to plants 

 of ammoniacal manures, or of humus either, to the " tomb of 

 the Capulets." 



Errata.— In the notice by W. C. S., at p. S48, the following 

 errors occur :— for "potassia, tartrate of antimony," read 

 " potassio-tartrate of antimony ;" and for " put a seton in the 

 poll and in the loins ; if there is paralysis or weakness give 

 broths," &c— read " put a seton in the poll and in the loini 

 if there is paralysis or weakness. Give broths," &c. And in 

 Mr. Sullivan's paper on East Lothian Husbandry, at p. 343. it 

 is said that 60 acres of arable land are there termed a plough- 

 gate ; it should have been 60 Scotch acres. 



*»* As usual, many communications have been received too late. 



Jtftarfctts* 



MARK-LANE, Monday, May 27. 



Therb was a moderate arrival of English Wheat from the near 

 counties this morning, but the trade ruled heavy for all descrip- 

 tions, particularly secondary qualities, vhich must he written 1*. 

 per qr. cheaper.— Of new Baltic a large quantity is offering, duty 

 paid, from the vessels, for which as well as old foreign, there is on I 

 a limited demand, and last week's prices are with difficulty sup- 

 ported, — English Barley is unaltered in value; of foreign but a 

 small proportion is offered for sale, and must he quoted is. higher 

 than this day se'nnight.— Beans and Peas are fully Is. per qr. 

 dearer.— Oats sell freely, and all but the very finest being an ad- 

 vance of 6rf. to Is. per qr. 



BRITISH, PER IMPRRfAL QUARTER. 



Wheat, Essex, Kent, and Suffolk . . White 



Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and Yorkshire 



Barley, Malting and distilling 26s to 30a Chevalier 

 Oats, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire • . Poland! 



Northumberland and Scotch . • Feed 



Irish v • Feed 



Malt, pale, ship 



ertford and Esse 



Rye 



Beans, Maragan, old and new 28 to 33 Tick 



8. 



S. 





8. 



8. 



46 



55 



Red . 



46 



54 



50 



56 



White 



— 



— 



31 



0;i 



Grind. 



24 



■ 



20 



23 



Feed 



19 



22 



20 



23 



Potato 



21 



25 



13 



23 



Potato 



id 



21 



fi8 



62 









60 



63 



















28 



34 



^farrow 



28 



»5 



Pipeon, Heligoland 

 Peasj White . 



30 to 38 Winds. — — 

 32 to 3d Maple 30 33 



Longpod — 

 Grey ■ 



31 



Friday, May 31. 



Thereis little English Wheat fresh up for this morning s Market, 

 and its value is unaltered ; of foreign only a small proportion or 

 the arrivals is offered for sale, for which Monday's quotations are 

 maintained, as well as for old qualities, but business is limited.— 

 During the week a few sales of Rostock Wheat have been made at 

 3(>.s. per qr. f. o. b. freight included, and new Dantzig has brougnt 

 38*. f. o. b.— We observe that since the Act for Bonding, free flour 

 and biscuit came into operation, 70,000 qrs. have been release! 

 under it.— Barley, Beans and Peas fully support their late LP rlce '' 

 and meet an occasional inquiry f. o. b.— The quantity of Oats on 

 sale is small, and they meet a quick sale on fully as good terms a* 

 of late. 



IMPERIAL AVERAGES 



April 19 per Quarter. 



— 86 . 



Mar 3 . . . 



— 10 . . . 



— 17 . . . 



— 24 . . . 



6 weeks' Aggreg. Aver. 

 Duties on Foreign Grain 



Wheat. Barley.) 



55* id 



32*10rf 



55 6 



32 7 



55 3 



81 8 



55 1 



31 6 



55 10 



31 1 



55 10 



80 7 



55 6 



31 8 



17 



7 



Oats. 

 S0« 



20 

 20 

 20 

 21 

 21 



20 



R ye> i Beans. 



<; Account Book," printed in Colchester 



- Charcoal.- J. H Durton.-lt is useful in fixing the ammonia 

 and removing the smell of cloacine; it may also beusSJ 

 applied by throwing ,t in a powdered state into the ad e 



Jo^Turmps. CrWardS aPPlyiD * * ° U the ia * d > ** * ™S£ 

 Draining.— IF. C.-You may certainly, by diegine into the 

 clay, increase the efficiency of your drains, aid diminish the 

 necessity for having them so near one another; but we th ink 

 30 inches is deep enongh-it is much more expensive to . tiip 



filnches^ 1 6 iDChfS ° f ^^ " ,an * i3 l ""moTe tfaVfirst 

 Dressing for Turnips-*. Z.-Bones and sulphuric acid (see 

 this day's Lcad.ng Article;. About Hops, probably next week 

 'ixiN-r. A.mm: a.-A Sul 'Aer.-Lirr.e will drive it off Fresh* 

 charcoal-powder mixed with the night-soil, or suloh ' 



will fix it. ' ~* — r-orlc acid, 



GnAss.-./*>*.-The specimen you send is not in flower and 

 therefore cannot be named. It looks like FeatucrcwsFa 

 2™£ e / P u a '? ^ y mean , b ^ " an "wound bottom?" 



No method short of breaking up the pasture will be effectual 

 in destroying the prevailing Grasses in it. If y ur 



land 



Enirllth 

 IrUh 



Foreign 



Rntrllfth 



Iriih . 



6 



ARRIVALS THIS WEEK, 

 fVTieat Barley 



3130 3-10 



Veil' 



3U 



5* 



80 



S 



31 



8 



3J 



3 



81 



8 



31 



1 



10950 



5500 



Oati 



2B7»» 

 3760 



«20 



Float 

 3450 Ski 



ARRIVALS IN THB RIVER LAST WKBK 



Flour. 

 6338 Ska. — Brit. 



M 

 99 



99 

 99 



Wht. 



Barl. Malt. 



Oati. 



G138 



1018 i 6326 



— 40 



1 14647 1 — 



1918 



— 



205S8 



20738 



- 



Rye. 



915 



1040 I *— 



Fes* 



315 



Canary - • per qr 



Carraway - per cwt 50 58 



Clover, Ked, English - 60 74 



— — Foreign - 64 74 



— White, English - 100 130 



— — Foreign - 84 125 

 Coriander - 18 13 

 Hempseed - per last 34 36 

 Linseed - - per qr — — 



— Baltic - — — 



— Cakes,Eng.per 1000 92 10* 91 15 



SEEDS, May 27. 



52» to 58b 



Lin*eedCakes.Fore!gn,p.tOT5Jt07 fl 



Mustard, White - P- burt^ OT 



_ Superfine $» 



— Brown >> " 



Rapeseed, English, perlaat 



Rape Cakes • P<* toU 



Sainfoin - J" 



Tares, Eng. winter p.bu»h 



_ Foreign - ' 



TiSS (too variat/e for ««£££* 



6 



14 

 24/ 



3 



3 



8 

 16 

 2* 



5 



I 



HAY.— Per Load of 36 Trusses. 



Smithkikld, May 30. oestoBi* 



Prime Upland Hay 80s to 00s J Clover - 90s to 1089 j Straw - *° 

 Interior - - 75 78 I J ^^ ?aleiT „an. 



Cumberland Market, May 30 



90s I Superioi 

 77 I InJexior 



Superior MeadowHay84fltoD0sl Superior Mover 10Os to 105s | StjawMJ ^ 

 Interior - - 70 77 I In&iior „ 00 95 I New Hay _ 



Joshua BAKBa, Hay toW— 



liny ' 

 — f.ne 



Wftitechapel, May 31. 



60s to 70s I Clover - 90s to 95s Straw 

 75 80 I — fine loo 108 | 

 Supply short, and trade brisk. 



24s to 



809 



