MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY. 



/ Tune 19— Dr. Goodfellow m 

 Wednesday ^^ ^ & p Q veg etable 



char ' United from the stomach of a human being. 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



431 



the 



Pret wtti i to g ; b phenomenon, he gave an 



tUtb ° r , nf the various instances in which vegetable 



red to be a source of disease in the 

 as in the lower animals. Fungi had 



po^th* had appear. 



P U^Azr n<< Well aS IU LUC luwci €*«•■*.••—. o 



bun un ^''V. on gold-fish, sticklebacks, &c. &c. 



^ ea r° H ifhad r g e lated g a case in which a species of 



K . tl o-n from the stomach with the vomitedfluid. 

 Alga was u faad been m wilh diseased 



n th e f present «" P of ^ and was iucessant l y 



v«l « fluid which contained a great number of cells, 

 Tomainga A" * form ^ character of the Torula 



having the exter^ ^ fluid was set aside ferment- 



• ""HJent on, with the escape of carbonic acid, 

 * *L same manner as in the ordinary process of ferment- 

 l ?-I« Nothing that had been prescribed had afforded 

 !nv relief to the patient. The paper was illustrated 

 lith drawings of the Algse vomited in this case, as well 

 Is of the various forms of fungi and Algse that had 

 hitherto been detected as producing diseases upon 

 male. The chairman pointed out the value of this 

 tribution in a pathological point of view, and as illustra- 

 tive of the value of the microscope «-Dr. Lankester 

 referred to the development of fungi on the bodies of 

 flies, as also the supposed vegetable origin of tubercles in 

 the lungs. He was not prepared to admit that these 

 cells were'either plants or animals ; they were evidently 

 the product of organisation.— Dr. Wright, of Chelten- 

 ham, thought that such cases as this ought to lead us to 

 be careful in adopting the dogma "Omne vivum ex ovo." 

 This observation led to a discussion on the nature of 

 ■pontaneous generation, in which Mr. Varley, Dr. 

 Wright, and Mr. R. H. Solly, took part. 



ani- 

 con- 



SRebicfos. 



Knight's Weekly Volume, No. 1. 

 Wi cannot allow the week to pass without mentioning 

 the appearance of this proposed Periodical, notwithstand- 

 ing that its objects are those of General Literature. 

 Mr. Knight proposes to issue one volume weekly, at the 

 price of a shilling, in the hope of presenting persons of 

 small means with the opportunity of perusing the best 

 and most healthy part of our national authors. The 

 attempt is a noble one, and deserves to be supported by 

 every one who has at heart the welfare of his country ; 

 for by this means, more surely than by any other, will 

 the pernicious rubbish that now circulates so largely, 

 because of its cheapness, be removed. 



The volume before us, the " Life of Caxton," is a most 

 interesting history of printing. It is six inches long, 

 four inches wide, has 240 pages, contains a great quantity 

 of woodcuts, and is sold for one shilling. Who is there 

 who would not try to save a shilling a week for such a 

 periodical as this ? 



A Description of the Newly Invented Bar and Frame 

 Hive, or Miniature Apian/. By W. A. Munn, Esq. 

 8fo. Yin Voorst. Pp. 52. 

 The opinions of Bee-keepers respecting the merits of 

 hives are so conflicting, that we cannot pretend to settle 

 them. The arguments of Counsel in the great case of 

 wood v. Straw have been occupying the Courts for 

 years, and seem as far as ever from being terminated. 

 I *» therefore, recommend the earnest bee-keeper to 

 leave Counsel to themselves, and to betake himself to 

 the superior Court of Experience. 



As a guide to his road thither, he will find this sensible 

 pamphlet useful ; for the author evidently understands 

 his subject, and seems little biassed by prejudice. We 

 doubt, however, whether his plan of moving bees from 

 Place to place ia search of food can ever be carried into 

 practice in a country like this. The hive, which it is Mr. 

 Alunn s object to describe, has already been mentioned, 

 wh k a 7 00dcut » a t p. 317 of our volume for 1843, to 



to at P We rcfer our readers - lt is onl y necessary 



in th U ' at t! ' ere a Pl )ear *<> be considerable advantages 



" ,1 Use u of lQ e Bar and Frame Hive, and that it seems 



fr«« W ii ii triaU How tu manage it, will be fully learnt 

 from M r . Munu's pamphler. * 



preserved at full length ; I bent them by drawing towards 

 the ground, and brought them as close as possible to 

 the trunk of the tree, where I fixed them : they re- 

 mained in this state all the year. Each bud, in- 

 stead of growing into a branch, formed a fruit-spur. 

 The third year I detached my branches, straightened 

 them a little, which permitted the sap to circulate more 

 freely ; and that same year I gathered from my three 

 grafts 36 Pears, which I found to be the Pastorale. At 

 the same time that I tried the above experiment, I 

 inserted four other cleft grafts upon some young Quinces ; 

 I cut them to one bud the following August : they pro- 

 duced me 32 buds, which I worked with a dormant eye : 

 29 succeeded, which I sold the year that I was able to 

 judge of the fruit. Cleft-grafting, then, can be employed 

 with success to prove a tree raised from seeds. Only 

 there is the disadvantage of sacrificing a good tree to 

 gain, perhaps, a bad fruit ; but those who have old 

 Quenouiiles can employ this kind of grafting without 

 making a great sacrifice. Plantations of Apple, or Pear, 

 or Quince-stocks may be prepared in Quenouiiles for 

 this purpose. The same branch may be grafted several 

 times. Thus, a branch which has been grafted for the 

 first time, 11 inches from the trunk, can be grafted six 

 times, by cutting 1J inch off each time that a new graft 

 is placed on. It is to be observed, however, that the 

 stock on which these experiments are made is not in'ended 

 for a perfect tree, but merely a stock from which one 

 must draw what advantage he can. About five years 

 ago I saw in the Royal kitchen-garden, at Versailles, this 

 kind of grafting practised on a large scale, but with well- 

 known sorts; I never saw such a plentiful crop, but I 

 think that the trees cannot last above two or three years. 



— Revue Horlicole. 



The third flowering of the Paulownia imperialis — 

 The father of all the Paulownias, which have now been 

 distributed in such great numbers through the gardens 

 of Europe, has just flowered, for the third time, in the 

 Garden of Plants at Paris ; 150 terminal bunches, bear- 

 ing each 20 to 30 flowers, make the tree appear like a 

 single bouquet of a light blue colour, having the most 

 charming effect. The peduncles are from 15 to 16 

 inches long. — Revue Horlicole. 



Newspaper Marvels. — In a north country paper there 

 appeared lately the following paragraph :— " Great 



Marvel Scotch Leek.— There was lately pulled in 



a garden belonging to Mr. Cook, civil engineer, Wooler, 

 a Scotch Leek 9 inches in diameter, breadth of leaf 

 11 inches, and weight 2\ lbs. ; in the same place there 

 are several others as large." Had this been true it would 

 have been indeed a prodigious Leek. But as we do not find 

 advantage in taking such wonders upon trust, we wrote 

 upon the subject to Mr. Cook, who has very kindly ex- 

 plained the matter by informing us that we should read 

 circumference for diameter ; which makes a rather con- 

 siderable difference. A Leek that weighs 2\ lbs. is a 

 fine Leek, for all that. 



CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 



For the ensui ng W eek. ' 



I.— STOVE, CONSERVATORIES, Sec. 

 If you imagine that any of your established stove plants will 



sable for 6pring decoration. Sow also Campanulas, Pentste- 

 mons, Aquilegtas, Antirrhinum, Hollyhocks, Arc. Brompton 

 Stocks 1 never sow before the first week in August, at which 

 time they will be treated of in detail. — W.P.A. 



III.— FLORISTS' FLOWERS. 

 Pinks.— The exhibitions of this deservedly favourite flower are 

 rapidly taking place through the country- Complaints are made 

 of their not lacing so well as usual ; but this defect is princi- 

 pally with those which have been removed in the spring. We 

 are glad to find that the standard of perfection is assimilating 

 throughout the country, and that something like uniformity of 

 opinion begins to prevail. Those who are anxious to obtain 

 good seed do not leave the impregnation to chance, but assls 

 Nature in the operation. Continue to put In pipings or cut- 

 tings; shade and water them occasionally. Curnations.— 

 The late showers have had a beneficial effect on these 

 as well as on the other departments if the florist's a-re* 

 and they are now coming on most favourably. The obvervati jn 

 made above, as to planting in the spring, will also apply to the 

 Carnation and Picotee; the detrimental effects of which may be 

 seen in the plants throwing up weak stems almost destitute of 

 " ORAB8*' or layers, to the great disappointment and loss of the 

 grower. Continue to disbud, &c, as recommended last week. 

 Put in pipings, Ac If the buds are sufficiently forward tie some 

 waxed thread round to prevent their bursting, twisting the ends 

 together, which will be found a sufficient fastening. Pansies.— 

 Shoots may be removed and planted out— the weaker the better. 

 Gather seed as it ripens, collecting only from the very best 

 flowers. Dahlias.— Cover the ground about the roots with very 

 rotten manure ; carefully attach them to the stakes as they 

 grow, as a rough wind may destroy all hopes of a bloom, if 



attention is not paid in this particular.— J. F. W. 



IV -PINERIES, VINERIES, ftc. 

 Pineries.— The air i> now so genial, tnat it may be admitted 

 freely to those plant* that have been putted from three weeks 

 to a month, keeping at the same time the paths moist by fre- 

 quent sprinkling. This treatment, with syringing the plants 

 when they are shut up in the afternoon, will encourage a 

 strong growth. Shading slightly during clear suushine must 

 be still attended to, as the plants suffer materially from the sun 

 when not shaded. Now is a good time for turning out or pots 

 a few plants of those which promise to show soon. They will 

 soon root into the bed, and if supplied occasionally with a little 

 liquid manure, will ptoduce finely swelled fruit durtngthc early 



part of winter. 



fineries.— Few people think it necessary to shade Vines dur- 

 ing hot weather; but it is not at all an uncommon tiling to see 

 the foliage severely scorched, to the permanent injury of the 

 plant itself, as well as of the crop upon it at the time. It 

 would be labour well bestowed to snade the more delicate fo- 

 liated kinds, particularly where the roof of the house is of a 

 great depth. Be careful to have the Vines quite dry before the 

 sun comes upon them in the morning, as nothing is more in- 

 jurious to the tissae of the leaves than the action of the sun 

 upon them wlun moistt This is one reason why I recommend 

 keeping a rather dry atmosphere during the night. 1 he atmo- 

 sphere of any tolerably well glazed house will, when shut up, 

 u„ ,« offioionHv moist for the health of Vines ripening 



Note 

 Bed 



Miscellaneous. 



near* i n n ° way °S Grafting, so as to accelerate 

 of ««"?' H T ' Leco< i> Gardener to the Royal Society 

 are nor r ~ Peo P le * re ^Prised that fruit-trees 

 be Th equentl y rais ed from seeds as they ought to 

 this kinT C ,S n ° doubt that the scarcity of attempts of 

 that ? 8 . to be attributed to the great lapse of time 



amateu/^ 1 /^ t0J,ld 8 e of the result ' Indeed ' for an 

 enoueh t* a V a 8 arden er to wait from 10 to 15 years is 



W found Coura § e them. Nevertheless, I think I 



and I wish t *** ° f suortenin g this lon S s P ace of time » 

 ployed for tk COmnQuni cate the means that I have em- 

 • branch of P p rpose ' l received, in the spring of 1833, 

 *bich I wa a ear ' tree , without a name, the fruit ol 



S «at Germai aSSUre T d WaS exce,leQt » bein S much like the 

 n °t send out n * Was a nur 8eryman then, and I would 



80 J then a rl tfee without bein § 4 uit e sure of its fruit ; 

 Sraftinel w u w , e . tnree scions (in the manner of cleft- 

 «> ito. this branch of the Pear-tree. I chose for 



tie 

 ened 



ranch ~~ * •**"" vuc un>» > * n*v'd to 



Ter J well f raft Provided with two eyes, which pushed 



lon S- The Cach made two shoots 23 to 26 inches 

 except thA neXt . year l P runed m y Quenouille as usual, 



branches proceeding from my grafts, which 1 



require another shift this summer, let it be done soon ; 

 avoid shifting large specimens so late, if you can ; rather en- 

 courage them with a little liquid manure occasionally. Your 

 young plants may be potted as they require it for the next two 

 months. Do not neglect to make cutti .g 8 of Justicias, Clero- 

 dendrons, and such useful plants, early in July, for flowering 

 next vear; these will form beautiful plants before the end of 

 October Pentas carnea belongs to this class ; it is a very use- 

 ful Plant in winter, and may be had in flower all the year 

 round ; it is as cheap as Verbenas. Air, moisture, and clean- 

 liness, as usual, are requisite. 



Conservatory.— There is no scarcity of flowers here now. The 

 usual routine of training the climbers and keeping the other 

 ulants in order, together with neatness, is all thatis immediately 

 wanted- but keep a good eye to your winter stock. Camel- 

 lias that have formed their flower-buds may now be potted; 

 hose of them that are to flower early should be kept m doors 

 all summer, but the spring-flowering ones may be turned out 

 a nnn Attend to Violets ; this has been a hard season for them 

 aaweUMfofenWaonthemums. The China Rose, called Cra- 

 moisie superieure, is the best of them all for winter forcing and 

 takes the place of the old sanguinea in the bouquets at Christ- 

 mas Anna Boleyn Pinks for forcing ought now to be ,n a for- 

 ward state: and if they show symptoms of flowering, pinch off 

 The Vtemsas they appear. In short, this is just the proper time 

 to attend ^diligentl/to such plants as will flower from October 



t0 rJZJnhouie -As all but the very best specimens are now re- 

 « t f,Z this house, you will have room to introduce an- 

 nZVl^g^™*™™**™ in ^Pot^ with a little 

 c^re they wil! come in useful for the Conservatory. Syringe 

 Suhoui every evening now, and keep the paths constantly 

 Z ^st? otherwise you cannot expect a healthy growth. 



1*2 —For growing a stock of young plauU in summer, no 

 structures are so good or economical as good pits. Place the 

 SJTSb a bed of sifted coal-ashes, and if you can procure clean 

 Moss, free from slugs. &c. ; it is an excellent plan to place a 

 thin laver of it between the pots; after it is well damped, you 

 hive a source of constant moisture, which, passing up among 

 th« fnhnire is very beneficial to all plants in summer, and they 

 reauire less shading when they are thus managed.-D. B. 

 "^^H _ FL OWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Out~door Department. 



We have had upwards of thirty hours of as fine a rain as 

 ever has fallen from the clouds, and the plants which last week 

 were dying, now promise to be regenerated. Calendar.ai d.rec- 

 Sons arc ? almost unnecessary this week, but a few bints may 

 not be out of place. First, get all bad pieces of turf on the lawn 

 or venres replaced by new, takine care to lay it on mud, and 

 when the sun shines" brightly, shade it with an old mat until 



become sufficiently moist for the health 



their fruit. .. , . ... - 



P each- houses.- Attend well to the cleanliness and health or 

 all the trees, whether in pots or growing in the borders of the 

 hous'8. Wate.ing well when necessary, and syringing fre- 

 quently where there is no fru.t ripening, arc the prn ic i pal tilings 

 t>> attend to now, that too much air can hardly be given, and 



the wood has nearly done growing. 



Cherries.— Plant out in some light friable soil, any small 

 Cherry-trees that have been forced in pots. They will make 

 fine young roots by the time for taking them in again ; and it 

 taken carefully up and put into pots somewhat larger than 

 those they are now in, they will be in fine order for forcing. 

 Keep the Cherry-house as cool as possible, give plenty of water, 



i IfeLwn-The plan recommended in last week's Calendar, of 

 supplying water to the roots of the Melons (by means of 

 earthen pipes let into the bed with the lower ends placed upon 

 slates in order to spread the water), we tried for the first time 

 this season, and find it to answer admirably, ft is not too late 

 to try it yet with l*te planted Melons, which have not covered 

 much of the bed. Indeed, we have tried it with • pit just 

 planted, as we are convinced of its utility. Much attention Is 

 now required to keep the foliage of Melons clean and healthy. 

 Give a little air early in the morning, increasing it as the day 



adVanC V S lHARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN-GARDEN. 

 When, owing to the extreme heat, vegetation was again 



drooping-, we have been favouiel with ^ lher ^ nel ^tJ^' 

 The ground is now in good order lor the reception of autumn 

 and w liter crops, and no delay should occur m getting a quan- 

 tity of the forwardest. Savoys, Brussels sprouts Brocoli. &c., 

 planted out. Those who have got their first Peas cleared off 

 the ground will be so far fortunate; but there are not many 

 places where there is ground enough to enable the gardener to 

 have only one crop on the ground at once. In sowing Peas m 

 rows 5 feet apart, with a row of Early Potatoes between each 

 [Z rows of Peas, a row of winter-stuff may be planted on each 

 side of the row of Potatoes. From such continuous cropping, 

 you cannot expect to gather many monster heads of Brocoh 

 &c • but you will have abundance of n size more suitable for 

 a family. The plants will be a little drawn at first, but they soon 

 oecome" strong and stubby, when the Peas, &«., "e remored. 

 Now is a good time to get in the first main crop jrf Celery. . A 

 few trenches will have been previously Pteng*. To save 



ground, we plant it all in beds, about lour *«« > n ^Peaa'atonr 

 mges of the same width between .sowing a . ro*. <*^%»* 

 the centre of the ridge, and using the trench f Q ^ettace, *c.. 



one bushel ot guano to lour oi iigm. » ,lfc * u . ? k' • nnr he erow . 

 the same anv of the plants in the beds which may not be grow 

 ng o wel? as could be desired. Thirdly, look we) tto , the «U ng 

 of the walks, and, above all things, clear all rubbish ftomjie 

 corned NoUiing in my opinion i look, so J>ad las gjne J teft 

 oirty, merely because they are not often seen^ ; and there^ ■ no 

 thing for which I would sooner call a gardener » s, ^ n ^ 



Reserve O'^^^'^^J^^ie another sow- year only, many things escape attention «..-; -<~ - ^^om 

 mg'^ ■" i0di5i,en - «*"■- <** eases constantly occur. 



before it is wa.J£f Vr Celery.* The beds ^tended fortate 

 across from %**£J£& s u ^ r ?££* a up and down, according 



T^i^T^M^^^ from fn * , was °T\ the 



I « « Z wp removed and became most useful in protecting 

 h pt,J sn« seeds froiSun. birds, and flies; and the ridges 

 weTeTurneS up levelled, and sown with Peas, Scarlet Runners, 

 & c The e sta ementsmay be useful to the amateur wno is 



fond of Peas and Celery, and has but little ground at his com- 

 tondoi reas ^ a gi)0Q breadth of Cauliflowers on a 



sou n th"bofder wd you may have Cauliflower late in winter 

 ff the season is favourable ; also Turnips, Radishes, Endive, 



Chicory. Spinach, kc.—R. F. 



cnicory, k VI.— ARBORICULTURE. 



Old Woods.— Vow, when woods are cleared of all the produce 

 cut during the bark season, little is required to be done except 

 paving attention to keeping fences in good repair, and attends 

 nig to former directions respecting summer pruning and training: 



young trees. # .rtn ■- 



Coppice.— If these arc not vet cleared of all stuff cut dunn * 

 preceding months, the sooner it is done the better, as mucn 

 injury may be done to young shoots springing from stow 

 recently cut; do not neglect summer management, u jo 

 a profitable return. A they 



Young Plantations.— U these were properly nian *^ ti ^ 

 would make greater progress in growth, and co,, * e H" t j,od 

 value, than they generally do. Follow Dr. Thjckjraj > lalAr 

 -employ a well -instructed person at all seasr nv »,^ saattaeI 

 during spring and summer, to regulate ana tra ^ twice m 

 growth. By the system of going over ^"waiit immediate 



