



432 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[June 29, 



experience, and I therefore would endeavour to impress the 

 propriety of Dr. Thackeray's practice on all proprietors of woods. 

 Nursery If ork.— Attend to former direct tons with regard to 

 watering, shading, weeding, hoeing, &nd summer-training. 

 Thin out some of the strongest aide shoots where they are too 

 numerous, and shorten others, always training to one upright 



leader.— W. B. ' 



VII.— COTTAGFRV 



Those Cottagers who have Vines trained on the cottage, or 

 in other parts of the garden, should examine and carefully 

 regulate their branches, tiking care to retain no more J"""* 

 wood, and fruit-bearing shoots, than the Vines are capable 01 

 supporting and bringing to maturity. The fruit bearing branches, 

 if not already done, should now have their to t »s pinched orr, 

 two eyes above the bunch, and the others may also be stopped 

 in the same manner, when they have reached about 20 incnes 

 in length. After this stopping, at most of the eyes, they win 

 in all probability throw out laterals, which should be nipped off 

 immed ately above the first joint, taking great car e, howe ver 

 not to injure it tor fear of prematurely starting the bud at the 

 base. No more shoots should be allowed to remain than are 

 necessary t » cover the space that may be for tra ning them. 

 It ia always better to keep Vines thin and open, than to crowd 

 the branches together, for loading the plant ^J^h a super- 

 abundance of wood, only serves to weaken it, and rob the fruit 

 of much of its nourishment. Many of the flowers around the 

 co'tage will now be in full bloom, and will therefore require 

 some attention. Notwithstanding the long dry weather, 

 Roses this season are blooming abundantly, and in great per- 

 fection : they are also remarkably free from the attacks of m- 

 ■ects. Should greenfly, however, be troublesome, they may be 

 rot rid of by syringing the plants with ammoniacal liquor, 

 diluted with ten times its bulk of water. From this time to 

 themidnleol July, is the best season of the year to increase 

 Roses from layers. The shoots are less brittle now, and on 

 that account are easier to nan le than when they are ripe. 

 Take up bulbs, such as Tulips, and Hyacinths, if not already 

 done, when their leaves are decayed, and preserve them dry 

 until autumn ; their places may be filled by transplanting a 

 few Annuals from patches that are too thick. Now that we 

 have at last got rain, and the ground in good order, some 

 Brussels sprouts, Savoys, Broccoli, and other things for 

 autumn and winter use, should be got in wherever there is 

 room, and clear away anything in the seed-beds or elsewhere, 

 that is not likely to be wanted. Do not allow the soil to 

 become hard or baked on the surface, but keep it loose and well 

 stirred up; taking care to keep down weeds rs soon as they 

 appear, tor on the order and neatness in which a cottage 

 garden is kept, much of its beauty and effect depends.— J. Me. H 



State of th« Weather near London forth* week ending June «7, 1SM.M 

 observed at the Horticultural Garden, Chiiwick. 



Max 



9tU> 



June 



Moon' 

 Aifc. 



Prld. 21 



Sat- » 



Sun. -» 



Hon. 34 



Tuer 25 



Wed. 26 



Thurs. 27 



Avenue 



6 



6 



D 



8 

 9 



10 

 11 



i 



Thebhohvts*. 



90 79T 

 29.789 

 99.061 



29.734 

 29.886" 



29 793 



Miri. 



B.761 



29.7^9 



29.743 



*9.042 



29.rtl3 



29 7»8 



29-834 



Max. 



83 



yfl.724 



91 



m 



N 



09 



68 



78-4 



Min. 

 52 

 48* 



63 



07 

 47 

 51 

 50 



M-0 



Mean. 

 67.5 

 070 

 77.0 

 78.0 

 56.0 

 59,0 

 590 



6ti 2 



Wind- llUifft. 





S.W. 



s. 



s.w. 

 s.w. 



N. 

 N. 



.62 

 -12 



■74 



June 21 Lijtht cloud., and deep blue iky ; •lightly over cant at aight. 



— 99 Slightly overcast; very fine; sultry ; clear at niKhu 



_ 23 Exceedingly clear and fine; very hot and »ultry ; clear. 



— 24 Cloudy and calm ; hot and sultry ; clear. 



— 25 Constant rain throughout; the quantity greater than had laiien 



during ten weeks previous. 



— 26 Cloudy *nd fine; densely overcast , rain at night. 



— 97 Overcast, cloudy and very fine. 



Mean temperature of the week 5 deg above the average. 



State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 18 years, for the ensuing 



Week ending July 6, 1844. 



Prevailing Winds- 



Aver. 



Aver. 



Nfean 



June HiRhest Lowest TtHI .. 



Temp. I Temp 



1 



Hun. M 



July 



Mon. 1 



Tues. 2 



Wed. 3 



Thur. 4 



Frl. 5 



Sat. 6 I 



No. of 



Years in 



which it 



Rained. 



Greatest 

 quantity 

 of Rain. 



0.80 in. 



038 

 0.78 



078 

 0.24 



0.59 

 0.45 



*s 



1 



1 



t 



2 



1 



2 



W 



4 

 2 

 2 





I 



tt 



4 

 J 



3 



4 



1 



3 



1 



3 



i 

 3 



8 



5 





 5 



5 



7 



5 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 5 



4 



* 



K 



2 



1 



1 

 1 



1 



2 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 5th, 

 1833 — therm. »4°; and the lowest on the 6th, 1840 — therm. 40 \ 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Asparagus. — A Constant S. — Salt should be applied 2 or 3 

 times during the time when the summer shouts are growing 

 fast. Now in an excellent season. 



Cheats.— Stultus.— If, as you say, some nurseryman has 

 cheated you by selling: rubbishy Cinerarias and Pelargo- 

 niums under fine names, you should not deal with him 

 again. We have no means of protecting you. 



Conifers. — Visto.— All the sorts you mention are hardy except 

 Pinus longifolia. Plant them out when a foot high, in any 

 exposed situation, and light land. S) 



Cucusibkrs.— A Reader.— Your Cucumbers in all probability die 

 off on account of being: kept too damp, and for want of suffi- 

 cient bottom heat. Keeping: them warm and vigorous, and 

 free from sadden checks, is the best preventive. Tum and 

 renew the linings occasionally ; do not allow the beds to get 

 crowded with useless Vines, and success is almost certain.* 



Greenhouses.— An Observer has our thanks; we are en- 

 deavouring to obtain a plan of the houses in Stirlingshire, 

 ■when we will publish his letter along with it. 



Earwigs. — Anti-forficula.—U you apply oil and turpentine to 

 the stems of your Dahlias it will injure them ; and even if it 

 did not hurt the plants, it would not keep off earwigs. Y-u 

 had better trap them by placing inverted pots, having a little 

 dry Moss in them, over the top of the Dahlia stakes. By ex- 

 amining the pots frequently, and killing the insects collected, 

 you may soon get rid of these troublesome vermin % 



Fios.— C. R.— The figure to which you allude is like all such 



figures, a diagram, and not a representation of any actual 



plant. If you look again you will see that it represents the 



plan of cultivation at Hewell, not at Chiswick, where the 



trees are all too vigorous. We cannot imagine why you are 



not satisfied with Mr. Markham's excellent directions, which 



are thoroughly practical. Cease to gather Rhubarb stalks as 



soon as Gooseberries are ready for usej the longer you 



gather them the more the plants will be weakened against 

 another year. 



Fuchsia.— A Constant Reader.— Try the following sorts:— 

 Formosa elegans, Exoniensis, Curtisii, Venus Victrix, Gem, 

 Robusta Colossus, Conspicua arborea, Decora, Britannia, 

 Corraackii and Gitrantea.* 



Ikskcts.— R.C.B.'s Rose* are infested by Anisoplia hordeola, a 

 beetle which is very abundant this year, and occasionally does 

 great injury to those flowers. We will make it the subject of 



a future paper. R. J.H.C.'s Elm- leaves are disfigured by a 



species of Aphis, probably the Eriosoma Uinv-gallarum 

 If he would favour us with a leaf or two not crushed by the 

 carriage, we should be enabled to make a drawinv, and study 



the economy of the insect. R. A Nit man.— Your woolly 



galls of the Oak are produced by the Cynips Quercus ramuli. R. 



B. Chilo.— Your Spider is Aranea scenica. If Butterflies 



be held between the finger and thumb when the wings are 

 closed, and gently squeezed, it will deprive them of life with- 

 out injury, and large Moths may be killed by the application f 

 of heat. A cylinder fitting into the top of a small saucepan, I 

 having both ends covered with gauze, is a simple mode of 



admitting a volume of steam to act upon the inclosed insect, 

 and the moment it falls down the cylinder must be removed, 

 and the animal taken out to dry. Harris's •' Aurelian " is an 

 interesting work, but it only treats of Lepidoptera, and the 



nomenclature is defective. R. M. Saul. We have every 



reason to believe that your Corn-maggots will produce the 

 Chlorops pumilionis and we hope that you and other culti- 

 vators will endeavour to rear them, and send us specimens 



in their different stages. R. B. Chilo.— Ho. I is Macroglossa 



Stellatarum ; 2 is Crabo dimidiatus ; and 3 is Chrysis ignita, 

 all of which you will find figured or notrced in Curt. Brit. 

 Ent., plates 8, 630, and 747 • There is little doubt that the 

 flies were buried by the wasp for its larvae to feed upon, and 



we regret that you did not inclose the flies. A. /. R-— 



Your Caterpillars were crushed to pieces, but as we know the 

 depredators, we can tell you that they will change to the 

 " green- veined white Butterfly," Pontia Napi, whose history. 

 &c. you will find in the Royal Agr. Journ., v. iii.,p. 312, and 



pi. F, figs. 17 to 20. R. Mrs. Waller's green Saw-fly is the 



Terrthredo scalaris; the other is the Ctenophora atrata, and 

 being loose in the box it was broken to pieces, i*.— Dooer. 

 —Not being able to discover any insects in the box, we con- 

 clude your Grapes are eaten off by the Woodlice or by Weevils, 

 which you will ascertain by visiting the greenhouse at night. 

 We wish to be informed if such prove to be the case, and beg 

 that you will send us specimens of the aggressors whatever 

 they may be. R. N. J?.— We regret being unable to recom- 

 mend anythiog more destructive to animal life than the fumes 

 of sulphur. It is said that washing the leaves with soap and 

 water, applying it with the hands, is a certain remedy, and 



perfectly harmless to vegetation. R. /. I.— The aquatic 



animal is the larva of a Dragon-fly j that infesting your 

 Ribes is a female Coccus. It is i he Thrip*, we suppose, which 

 is attacking your Melons ; we wish it was possible to dis- 

 cover a remedy against that troublesome little plague, but it 



is said that the fumes of sulphur even are unavailing. R. 



A Lady's Caterpillar wth two tails will change to the Puss 

 Moth, named Cerura Vinula. R. 

 MoRPHOLOor.-T. Elliot.— Your Roses with the sepals pro 

 ducing branches from their axils are a useful kind of illustra- 

 tion. We should like to ask those who cannot comprehend 

 the principles of Morphology, how they explain such instances 

 without reference to those principles. 



HAM IS o» Plants.- I>^y«*. — Calonyction speciosum. 



J. C.L.— Maxillaria Warreana and M. crocea. 5. Warn- 



ford.— Lotus major, Orobus tuberosus. 

 Oak Bark.— A Subscriber.— After it is peeled make a platform 

 or frame, by driving into the ground forked stakes, about 

 three feet in length, two opposite each other about 18 inches 

 * or 2 feet apart in breadth ; then lay slender poles lengthways 

 i to rest on the forks, and lay the bark on them crossways, re- 

 serving the large pieces from the stems or poles for covering 

 it ; the large pieces for covering should be spread open while 

 the sap is moist, to lay flat upon the other, lengthways with 

 the frame, keeping the inside d-.wnwards to throw off the 

 ' wet and dew ; for when the inside of the bark gets spotted, 

 mildewed, or discoloured, the quality is injured and its value 

 lessened. Bark requires as much care in harvesting as a 

 crop of grain ; hence, too much attention cannot be paid to 

 keep the inside from wet and dews from the very commence- 

 ment; it is soonest injured while the sap is moist. After it 

 has laid on the raised frame sometime, it should be turned, 

 to expedite the drying, first taking the covers carefully off to 

 be replaced as at first. The thinner the bark is laid on the 

 frame the sooner it dries; from 10 to 15 inches in thickness 

 is enough. The time required for drying depends upon the 

 weather and exposure. Bark should always be placed to dry 

 in an exposed place, so as to receive the full benefit of sun 

 and wind. In such a season as this, it requires from two to 

 three weeks; but much depends on whether it is from large 

 trees or coppice poles. When sufficiently dry, it should be 

 delivered to the purchaser, or made into stacks, or put under 

 an open covered building ; if in stacks, they should be thatched 

 immediately, and as securely as stacks of grain. — W. B. 

 Oleanders.— A Reader.— -The Oleander is easily propagated by 

 cuttings of the young or half-ripened wood at any time when 

 such can be procured. They may be treated in the ordinary- 

 way, and placed either in a Melon-frame or in a pit where 

 they will be kept warm and close. The cuttings require to 

 be kept very moist. The Oleander may also be increased by 

 putting a single cutting into a small phial filled with water in 

 a warm, close situation. It will no doubt succeed well in the 

 way you mention if properly treated now. % 



Pelargoniums.— Jonathan. — You will find ample details about 

 their management in our volume for 1841. The French me- 

 thod is in type, and only waiting for space. All Pelargoniums 

 are better for being placed in the open air, for the summer, 

 exposed to the sun, but not so as to be sunburnt. A Lady.— 





A mixture of two parts turfy loam and one of well-decomposed 

 cow manure, not less than three years old, with a small por- 

 tion of silver sand, will be found a suitable compost for Pe- 

 largoniums, t J. 3/. — We are not acquainted with the 



Pelargonium you have sent as Comus, it certaiuly is not the 

 Queen of the Fairies, for which variety you say it was sold ; 

 it appears to be too small for a Show-flower. * 

 Plants.— T. Jones.— The following is a list of choice plants for 

 greenhouse cultivation: — Borouia pinnata, serrulata, and 

 anemonetolia ; Polygala oppositifolia and cordifolia, Gar- 

 doquia Hookeri, Roella ciliata, Hovea celsi and pungens, 

 Chorozema varium, Dicksoni and Henchmanni, Mirbeiia 

 floribunda, Aphelexis humilis, Pimelea spectabilis, decus- 

 sata and his^ida, Bossiaea linophylla, Eutaxia myrtifolia, 

 Dillwj nia floribunda, Luculia giatissima, Leschenaultia 

 formosa and bi oba, Coleonema tenuifolia, Genista cana- 

 densis, Sprengelia incarnata, and Crowea saligna, togetner 

 with the different kinds of Acacia, C<>rrsea, Camellia, and 

 Azalea, &c. Climbers may consist of Kennedya Marry attae, 

 Hardenbergia monophylla and macrophylla, Sollya linearis, 

 Gomphotobium polymorph um, Zichya glabrata, Tropseolum 

 brachyceras, tricolor and azureura, Mandevilla suaveolens, 

 Dolichos lignosus, and Clematis azurea grandiflora. t 



Roses. — J. J. Dilliston. — Roses do not show well as single 

 flowers. They must be in bunches ; but they ought to be 

 tied loosely so as to show the habit of the sort. For kinds we 

 must refer you to the reports of the Chiswick Shows. 



Rosbs in Pots.— Briar.— We prefer them on their own bottom. 

 If budded, the stocks certainly should not be more than a 

 foot high. If you look to the lists of Roses exhibited by the 

 winners at the Chiswick Shows you will see what force best. 



Strawberries.— G. /.—Your fruit was smashed in the Post- 

 office. 



The Tump-tree.— Peter Schlemihl.— This is sold in all the nur- 

 series, where it is raised from seed^. It is quite hardy, and 

 grows fast. All good soils that are not too heavy and wet, 

 suit it. The wood is light and tough, but is of no great use. 

 The tree is very ornamental. 



Vines.— A Lady states that in February last she made a new 

 Vine-border, according to directions given in *' Roberts's 

 Treatise on the Vine." Her Vines had not borne for two 

 years previously, and the roots, on digging out the border, 

 were found to have penetrated below the good soil far into 

 the marl. They were carefully got uu and planted very near 

 the surface ; the bottom was well covered with stones, and 

 over that was laid a mixture of lime and gravel. The border 

 was then filled, to the depth of two feet, with rich soil, con- 

 sisting of well-rotted turf, leaf-mould, stable manure, bones, 

 and a good deal of carrion. About the end of March the 

 Vines broke well, and several of them by the end of April 

 had made shoots six inches long. The house was kept to an 

 even temperature of about 40°, or 45° at Dight. Very little 

 fire-heat was employed} the Vines were slightly shaded with 



canvas from the mid-day sun. They, however, began rr»~" 

 dually to fail, the buds of the shoots becoming withered and 

 dying away, until now, we are informed, there are only two 

 plants alive, and those make no wood. Upon referrinr 

 this matter to Mr. Roberts, he gives the following ex 

 planation :— It appears that the Vines are old, and that 

 they had penetrated the subsoil, which no doubt produce* 

 the failure. After making the new border, which hu 

 even been very powerful, I should have preferred plant- 

 ing young Vines in it, as, by proper treatment, they would 

 have produced a crop the whole length of the rafter ia 

 the second year after planting. The failure may be attri- 

 buted to several causes. Was there sufficient caution used 

 in carefully lifting the roots out of the subsoil? Have they 

 not been cut and left destitute of fibres .» Although this was 

 the case they might break, and the young shoots, being fed 

 by the sap previously stored up in the old stem and root, 

 would grow to the length of six inches, but as the shoots 

 continued to lengthen, the old roots not being prepared with 

 new fibres, would droop first at the top and gradually wither 

 away, for want of support. The old Vines ought to have 

 been cut down close to the sill, and a gentle heat added to 

 the border, in order to have encouraged them to make new 

 roots before the top broke. Again, has not the carrion been 

 placed too near the surface of the border ? This might have 

 suited Vines in perfect health to revel in, but the mutilated 

 roots of old plants would not be in a state to form new fibres 

 in such powerful material, and wherever they came in con- 

 tact with it they would undoubtedly rot off. If any heating 

 materia] was applied to the border, too powerful a heat has 

 been kept up, and the roots have been burnt. This, probably, 

 may have been the cause of disappointment. I would recom- 

 mend that the border be cleared of the old Vines entirely, 

 notwithstanding the advanced season of the year, and re- 

 planted with healthy year-old Vines that were cut down this 

 spring, and are still in a free growing state. Take off the 

 eyes and leaves a foot or 15 inches from the bottom of the 

 cane, and lay it in the border, as I recommend in my treatise. 

 When the Vine is at rest, mulch the roots, or add a gentle 

 heat to them, and by judicious treatment with regard to tem- 

 perature, humidity, &c, there is yet time for good canes to 



be made and perfectly ripened before winter. Hort. Suff. 



— Some persons object to syringe Vines as a preven- 

 tive against red spider, in the morning as well as the 

 evening; but we know no good reason against it; and 

 some of the best Vine-growers do it morning, noon, and 

 night. Gardeners say that Vines are scorched in conse- 

 quence ; but experiments are greatly wanted upon this sub- 

 ject. Watering will never destroy red sjider so readily as 

 lime and sulphur painted over the flues, and driven into the 



air by the heat. A Constant Subscriber.— We presume that 



your Vines are for the present ruined by overbearing. Young 

 Vines cannot carry with impunity such a crop as you speak 

 of. All you now can do is to pull off what bunches they have 

 produced, and treat them to all the air, light, and food you 

 can give them. Certainly discontinue fires. If towards au- 

 tumn the wood does not ripen, you may then light fires 

 again. But we cannot suppose that it will be necessary. 

 You will have to shorten them very much in the autumn. 

 Read " Roberts on the Vine." 

 Miscellaneous.— A Novice.— We would refer you to Mr. 

 Wood's Papers on Fuchsias, lately given in our columns, 

 where you will find the information you want. Potter's 

 Guano, if concentrated, poured upon the leaves of plants, 



will injure them; but if weak, it is harmless.* Empty's 



Stocks have probably suffered from a cold wind, or some such 

 cause. What has happened is, that one side of the seed- 

 vessels has been injured, while the other has continued grow- 

 ing.the result of which is, of course, a curvature. The seeds will 

 not be the worse for the accident. F. X. O.— The variega- 

 tion in your Mountain Ash is surely very ugly. T. Jones.— 



You must have patience; your young Melon plauts, although 

 in goodheal.h, are unable to set their flowers until they have 

 made considerable progress in growth. As soon as they are 

 old enough, if attention is paid to fertilise the females, you 

 will no doubt be more successful. You have kept your 

 Ipomcea much too dry; the red spider is prevented by 

 keeping a damp atmosphere, or killed by the a P^aUon of 



fumes of sulphur. J A SuAwrtter.-Oranp *^» 1*«»J 



very strongest manure. A compost consisting ol °ne-thirtt 

 rough charcoal and blood, and two-third good t«irfy-loanjii 

 a suitable soil for them. For information regarding the con- 

 struction of a fruit-room, see Leaders, pages J t)U and 643 



vol. 184 1. 1 Cautus.-We are unable to answer ^o" 4««J 



tion. Of course, if you infringe any patent you «^ k J 



the consequences. J. 8. /.-I*. 2rf. — »«*™ '••-"*£?*£ 



two-lignt frame, you may have young Potatoes at Chnstmas 

 by planting in the beginning of September. 1 he new rose 

 coloured winter Radish should be sown in August. We pre 



sume the ear 

 Gravesend a 



ly Pea to which you allude as being grown near 

 ud Rochester, is the early Charlton.t 



too 



SEEDLING FLORISTS' FLOWERS. 



Anaoallis—4. B.-Your specimen of an Anaga lhs was ^ 

 dried up : it was impossible to form an opinion of its qua u 



CALCEOLARiAS.-C.AT.-Your seedlings are very ^f H s ^ om . 

 3 is decidedly the best in form and colour ; 2 is v«j 

 mon ; and 1 wants decision of colour.* .. st 



Fuchsias.-^. B.-If your seedling is a /ree bl oom er , itm^ 

 be a handsome plant; the colour is not novel, oeius ^ 

 to most seedlings from splendens; but the ./ e "f"' ine in. 

 flower, 4$ inches, with the slender tubes, if flower ^ 

 bunches, must give the plant a curious appears 1 • 

 J. Y.— The colour, form, and substance of your 



makes a handsome variety.* ma*l» hut not 



Geranium.- >T. J.T.-Your seedling is very .brilliant b« ^ 

 superior to some of the varieties in cultivation; u« dom 



pends upon its being of dwarf habit, combined wiw 



of flowering.* . . y no t mv 



MiMULUS.-i>eDonie;wis. — Your seedling variety » u 



common.* , i.— y«mt wants 



Pelargoniums.-/. M. IT.-The seedling you nave w a e e "r t ainly 

 form and substance ; and with these drawbacks we ^ 



cannot recommend it as a parent. There are man 7 mUCft 

 hitrhlv -coloured flowers that would answer the P«- r P" aD d 



highly-coioureanowers hi<*i. Y»vi*i« »«"^"»'- ' e aD ' 



beaer.* C. W.-William the Conqueror is l ^f ance * 



showy, but very deficient in form, and wanting in»u 



8. tf.lf.-The form of your seedling is very good; ««/{„, 



petals are too uneven and puckered at the edges, ^_ 



flower possesses substance and form ; the coou< ^ 



common.* A. ^.-Judging of your seedl ngs »° flcient 



loose petals, they are of no value ; they are ; ail su , 



in substance.* W. Af.-Pompey is a *out flower, o s^ & 



form, with broad pink under-petal, • the upper pe »• - a 



deep blotch, wh.ch is surrounded with crimson,* f _ 



margin of delicate pink. Champion has rosy cno« on the 



petals, terminating in the centre with a tinge oi o tQ 



top petals have a large rich spot, which gradually o00f 



the edge. Unique has top-petals covered with Aeeu ^ 



leaving a narrow margin of rosy purple, white ce 1(J 



delicate pink under-petals, upon which are seen . r / y * 



veins— three flowers of good substance, size, ana cke d, 



Petunias.-;!. Z.— From your seedlings being oauij v ^^ 



the blooms were much bruised; the colour of J * » tne 



being a splendid dark purple ; and next to this we v apP ear 

 darkest of the light blues. The other varieties do no 

 to be sufficiently oistmct; we should like to set 



tiese again. * ortirle "Statics 



Eeratum.— In last weeks Paper, P- 404 » m . a ^ 1 ^ Barnacle. 

 Pseudo-armeria," the signature should be ■»• 



and not E. Barmall, as is there printed. ^.-iwedt 001 * 1 ® 



%* As usual, mauy communications have beenreceiv 







