1844.] 



THE GARDENERS* CFIRONICLE. 



499 



DODLAND8 Nl'RSKHY. Muimflelii, rt< ar Uckfleld, : r. 



VKKKKN \ HL'U SI I. 



*7M. WOOD and Mr- Irvine purchased the 



'▼ entire • k «>f the w».-.v.- cnsjcuiflct I VKRB V l»«*r 



kfvtoio to Dr. Limolit'i opinion <-t It la tl 



mrHmrra' ( fe, J ttl? 8th, p. 44*. 



*• H'. If. HVBSONtl it a ic'-imI variety. bright » J \ tin-ir, 

 rlth a white u>e, dUtlnct m ©oloui " To whieh « 

 \. W, ft s. may tiealP.M-i-.i t«. ad', that the flnwera are large 

 Mid % showj ; i* ha* i. at i • i bj <al ripvtent j««<iar». 



Who have i i»n«*ed It to ba a tarlu --f f «te n t. 



Plan'" will he ready lor aending- out on the Hth a 

 packed In tin e« and forwi d pott li . «' :»* flat. e« 

 with the usual allowance to the Pi »dc * a »i* plama or u 



mi t <k« n Ht ones, 

 0\ remittance will b« expected trrm unknown correspond* nta. 



+ W^\ 



TUMi*AV # 



ATl'll DAY, JfI.Y>27, 1844. 



lira FOH Til WO I LOWING WEEKS. 



Auf, « M ul» r*l .... BavS* 



( ' of tin most curioui thing* in cultivation is, 

 that disputes should a. i»e respecting the mode of con- 

 duct! no on ra as that muit hare been em p loved 

 from the beginning of gardening ; and that now, 

 when so i ch real progress has been marie in 

 tracing effects to their causes, there should still be 

 need of ex pertinents to determine the nature of the 

 very simplest phenomena. 



Some of our readers may have remarked the com- 

 mencement <<r' a little discussion as to whether the 

 sun will burn leaves recently moistened. Our answer 

 has been, that it is a di uted question, and requires 

 further examination. We have, we confess, made 

 that reply in deference to the opit; i of many excel- 

 lent gardeners, who, when they find their Vine- 

 lea ve>> scorched, ascribe it to the lea\ bavins; bad 

 water standing on them when the morning sun has 

 reached them. For ourselves, we entertain grave 

 doubts as to the fact, for this simple reason, that 

 when leaves are wetted v a sudden storm in the 

 Open air, even in the spring, and at noontide, when 

 the sun is s ingest at id tl leaves most tendor.no 

 Scorching Hows. Nobody over heard of such a 

 thing as wet leaves being sr rched by the sun in the 

 * air. It is only in glass houses that the mis- 

 chief hs| ns. How can thai Ik* ? 



That Vines are often scotched under glass, we all 

 know too well : that the ing may have fol- 



lowed the exposure of wet leaves to the sun, is pos- 

 sible enough but the quest n is, Have the two facta 



This very statement seems to us conclusive as to the 

 uncertainty of the cause of the burning. It ma 



hate arisen f n the sun. or from want of ventila- 

 tion, or from the vapour generated during the night, 

 or, in short, from something else. 



It If not difficult to m t • t theae statements hy coun- 

 ter aaser ns, also coming from c lent gardeners 

 Nobodv grows much I r Pines than Mr. Hamil- 

 ton, who, however, "sprinkles their leaves with 

 water two « r three degrees warmer than the atmo- 

 sphere of the house; and this mode of watering 

 ought to lie repeated t u-icr a tl.it/ in the sumtnei 

 houses, except in very cUmdu itmather ! " As th 

 season advances, he waters the plants over the leaves 



whilst the sun is still shining on the glass, before its 

 i ays are much diminished. iTn-,it Pine- 



op p. 65). Mr. Hames al*o syringes, with water 

 a little warm, occasionally on a fine day at any time. 

 {Ijoudon t p. 700.) And what Is mure < nmon 



than to hear of Pine-] its being sci tied by the 

 sun shining on their t leaves? Nor is the practice 

 of wetting leaves at all times confined to certain 

 Pine- growers. Mr. Roberts, whose CJrapeshave ex 

 cited so much admiration at the London Shows, 

 expressly declares — "Observe to keep up a very 

 humid atmosphere, as under a clear sun the young 

 foliage has a great drain upon it by evaporation, to 

 a greater degree than when arrived at a more mature 

 slate. Syringe lightly, and close your houses earl 

 in the afternoon ; say in March, two o'clock ; April, 

 half-past two ; May, three; and so on, ss the season 

 and fruit advance to maturity." [Culture of the Vine, 

 p. 4: 



We trust then that we have made out a case for 

 inquiry. We would suggest the following mode of 

 conducting it: — Take a Vine in very good health, in 

 a well gla 1 light vinery. Place a i<w of its leaves 

 in exactly the same circumstances as regards the 

 roof. In a bright day, wet 6ome of these leaves, do 

 nothing to the others, and watch the result. We 



dl then 1 w if the burning is owing to the sun 

 shining on wet leaves, or to some other cause. The 

 first warm sunny day will settle the question ; and we 

 trust that many of our Vine growing friends will tell 



M wha iiey :.nd to be t fact. 



with their management, suggests that the best course 

 to pursue would he to obtain returns from all parts of 

 the country as to the past and present state of such 

 Societies, thtir numbers, expenses, distribution of 

 pr s\ \'c, and more especially as to the causes of 

 their decline or dissolution, where they have expe- 

 1 such mishaps. We agree with him in 

 thinking that some very useful as well as interesting 

 information might be so elicited; ami we would, 

 then re. ask all Secretaries or Man. rs to commu- 

 nicate with us oa the subject. To render the 1 urns 

 useful, and capable of I 1 nig compared, it will be 



necessary that they should be made ttpon printed 



forms, whieh we will undertake t.» supply gratis to 

 all who will do us the favour to apply for them, by 

 post. Every man's labour will be thus simplified on 

 the one hand, and rendered uniform o.- the otht r 

 A comparison of the returns will certainly throw 

 much light upon the history of horticultural Sts> 

 a is, as Professor Liebig would call it ; and a good 

 digest of the returns, which we promise to make 

 if the requisite materials are furnished, will, we 

 trust, enable those who may hereafter think of 

 organising local Societies, on the one hand to avoid 

 error, and on the other to adopt regulations whicl 

 multiplied experience shows to be advantageous. 



any real connexion? 1 he aoorc! ing might have 

 happened, though the leaves were dry. 1 1, n loose- 

 ness of reason 1 which ohscurts so many subjects 

 if nowhere more conspicuous than in gardening. 

 where nasi ko< is as often confounded s» , p^ 

 hoc as it is in prm 



It the sun has the alleged power, .ere must be 

 ree* for it. and sccortl tgly whs < railed a 



advertisement in another column will show 

 the plan which will Ik* ad< ad next Wednesday in 



r< sting the Militaki Baudsiathi H o ut icu l- 



tu At So« sty's Gaspi \. In this country we 

 know nothing of (uprising effects that may be 



pi educed m the open air by larg. 1, umbers of mili- 

 ary musicians. Next Wednesday, the assemblage 

 u ly 200 of the best in 1 will five sou 



idea of whst may be done in this way. No place 

 rear London of pub resort offers so ood an op- 

 Iportunity for trying rim en t ss the darden 



^ ENTOMOLOGY. 



s«TTue CuaaANTS or Grape Oak-gall, produced by 

 Cgnipi Quercus-peduncufi. — I lately gave the story of 

 ie Wo y-galls, and this it another of the excrescences 

 •rmed upon the flowering stalks of the Onk«, and by 

 far the prettiest with which I am acquainted ; much resem- 

 bling in form, size, and colour, bunches of the Champagne 

 Currant. Oak trees are som nes covered as thickly with 

 these galls as Currant bushes are with berries : such was 

 the case last May at VVingham, in Kent, and at the 

 tame time they were abundant at Enfield, y« ' 1 dd 

 not find them in Suffolk or K x this se n ; but they 

 once occurred in Coomb wood, Surrey, in profusion, and 

 about the middle of May, 1841, I gathered the spe- 

 cimen figured, which was particularly interesting, from 

 its showing, I expect, the pr ess of growth in 

 these galls : the flower-buds had been i dated by 

 the female Cynips, probably the beginning of April 

 or earlier, and some of the stalks were yet green, and 

 the anthers not quite dead ; towards the extremity of 



one were two kidney-shaped galls (fig. 1) ah green and 

 wrinkled, in whieh l discovered minute white maggots; 

 on another were the full-firmed galls (fij. 2). gl i ! ar, 

 smooth, staining, and of a dirty pale-green colonr, mar- 

 bled with purplish red; in thet»e the stalk a ai :hers 



were romple'eU withered, and on opening the galls 1 

 saw the * P U P*» with black heads, lying in small 



cafjnsVe. 





i 



ultural Societj 



<"< "' of the ll'oi 



D- 



Tuosi who look at the progress of Hardening 

 ihroutfh the turns made in ur elm. f the 



is sometimes assigned. Wstc El said I 



globules on the sur! *ofs leaf, and so t 



tratc tbesu rays like burning-glasses. But there 



are tome rsiher serious fcete in th lanation. 



^ r does not n ee a s isrily collect in 1 boles; and proceedings aland otbas loRTtcuLTuaA 1. So- 



if it did. those globules could not a< in s forcing- en ti . would come to 1! ich m that it never 



was in a more flourishing tindi n than at prettf] t 

 and we think their jud t c 1 not be gainsaid. 



Such i itns are 1 [i cations that we can 



have of the state « the public 1 id. Hui then re 

 urious observer will n ark somethi :u tead y in 



he»e aasocu ns. 'i'oo ten symj oms of feverish 

 act 1 are to be perceived, and l ry uncommonly 



fatal oases are recorded. Although, u the whole, 

 the health of the hotly Hoi ultu <I is miprove. 

 it is evident that tin of the ph] n is ca 



•ionally wanti V Society starts up to day, flou- 



rishes to-morrow. languishes, and disappears. Why 

 is this? To take an instance: — Nine fears since 

 there was no Horticultural v etv in Kast Kent 

 when one was formed at Win-ham, which still 





house with more energy than the dew drops in the 

 •Ben sir. which never burn plants. M« »v« the 



suri.nr .>! a leaf >s not in the l"<ui «<f the imaginary 



fluid burning glasses - I we need not say that the 

 em <ntrafn! rays of lh< sun are only able »o act 



en they are collect* 1 1 1 a focus. Beside*, wh<u 

 wa falls on haves, it a*«mnes a piano* w 

 figure, and th convexity being uppermost, 1 



locus can l»e formed. 



Another reason that has been offered for the su) 

 posed phenomenon is that of M l», ( .. dolle. v 



■ays, " I should think. \t ti t as r* rsentrd, 



that this burning srist »m water soften injr tlie 

 sstat below l>ecoming heated by the action of the 

 in and hi 1 ring ■ vaj 1* But long 1 . 



these f the sun 1 ild have heated a drop of exists, although it* fund'. e to flourishing as 



water big* igh to aasjse a bur Ing, the water tl v as shortly afterwards esta- 

 te Id be dispersed in tl rm of vapour ; and there blis'hed a If four or 

 iitio evidenee to show that leaves ar< corched by »ns, then lai lished, and tinallv eXJ i 



If it wertto, lesves llowii . ar a S / wa* star at Petersham, 



A " 



shouhl U bun' the most when they a ■ plunged! which 1 about ti 

 wholly mm water, *hi< h is the rfverse of the 1 Then su 



year 



9oc f appearetl at Ashford. which mtinoes, 



M well as one in the Isle of I hai . It appears, in 



mora: u 



a« sjri snow 



led one at I Itham. which; or 



II re hurt between sun ami wati t seems three y ears gave up the ghost. I'he e 



m«»re likely to arise from the cold produced by sudden bury sfterwards en ten Id, snd *' niies 



• fl i? 1 ' 11 but with three Shows in s year instead of 



'he most rations! course will be to \ fy the j four, ss st first. The year mfore last 

 ststet $ni imtanee. and then, n »/ he a 



* **k for ita ianation. It may be said. 

 U hy doub hat which is so notorious! One of tl 

 beet snd m j e gardeners in the country, in s 



■g ] ro «», savs, " I can sssure vou that my 



vines 1 e suffered ma ially from being acted on 

 by the sun while moist from 'the * nging of th< 

 pr. oiib evening, and from thevap nerated in 



theho- whii. hut close during e night." And 

 he refers the nmehief to his houses having 

 ^aterl w« h elose-lsppeil British sheet leas; giving 

 It as his opmion, that in abouseglaaed with common 

 gssas, and open laps, it would not hsve occurred. 



Press the 1 7th te the 20th May the Cyniptdcs 



kept, issaingfr hecall Lnaeos described n under 



tae name ot < rnips Quercus-pedu and the males, 



which first nisk eir appearance, are intengely hlack snd 

 Sasafng ; the antenna? are nearly as long as the body, 

 eesssasr, brown, sad l.Vjointcd : the basal s are of s 



d *w -colour the bead is road, the eyes large, 



there are three prominent ocelli on the crown. The 

 is fin* itriated >lique!y, with two longitudinal 

 groove* down tae dis< -rrupted and forming four 



aruteilnm linear, long, rounded and elevated ; 

 petiole very short, abdomen not longer than the thorax, 

 and much ssrrower, compressed ; wings ft . pubes- 



cent, and ieeceut, superior very ample, the cells of taw 

 seeal form, the basul nervnres deep pitchy, wita 

 trifs n s H sreoiet on the disc ; legs long, slender, and 

 straw-colour : pulvilli and claws pitch i he female is 



fact, that the majority of provincial Horticultural »»lar, but the antennas are shorter and 14-jotsrfed ; the 

 ocieties have but a short existence, fen, unless' -" -«•-«-- * -' • - " — — — 



establisheil in populous neighbourhoods, lasting mot 

 than ten years. 



It seems to be well worth ascertaining the cause of 

 these fluctia i>ns. As the spirit for rdenii does 

 not sbste in the Iocs where the v "< lisap- 



p<»«r t is therefore to be preantned that there is hnM m ^ e ^ f aUo "^ _ "^i,^^ i.^tbe - Gsrae«ers 

 eaanetbhsg viciofsS in the const it n £ °H M abasia* " resardiasj taie «r»«aas. an equally 



en is shorter and almost as large as the tsorax, 

 ovate-conical, compressed, with an eviatavst beneath. 



(fif. 3;) the natural dimensions are exmsiSsd by the 

 crossed lines. 



This species is less robust than ssany o( the Cyn I* 

 are; the w-ng* are large, the legs kwur. and aj'ogeUier 

 it seems to be well formed far .*** Mr. Main 



theSoc >emselves, which sends them so earl 1 appW to the oUy-cails - ~J* There ,f • 



the tomb. A coiTCTposaiert t . who is well acquainted j remarkable fact aceompeayisf the deposition ot tea 



