534 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



[Aug. s, 



•hillings per stone more than any wool cured by salves 

 containing tar— at the same time the advantage to the 

 sheep was most decidedly apparent. From these results 

 I have no hesitation in saying that oil and tallow form 

 the best salve for sheep of any that has hitherto been 

 tried ; and that, if the sheep-farmers of Scotland would 

 use that salve alone, they would find their advantage in 

 obtaining— 1st, about a third more money for their wool, 

 on account of its superior quality and purity ; and, 2d, an 

 improved condition of their sheep. But as long custom 

 renders people unwilling to leave off old habits, it will be 

 difficult to convince them of the propriety of the change, 

 and particularly as to refraining from the use of tar, 

 which was long the only substance used. For this 

 reason I would recommend farmers to try the oil and 

 tallow mixed with a portion of tar, to begin with, and 

 afterwards to dispense with it by gradual decrease ; or to 

 try the oil and tallow on a few sheep only, and compare 

 these carefully with other sheep under the usual treat- 

 ment, and I have no fear of the result being entirely m 

 favour of the oil and tallow, both in regard to satisfac- 

 tion as well as profit.— Mr. Stewart, in the Transactions 



of the Highland Society. 



Manufacture of Butler.— From the account of the 

 experiments of Professor Trail, contained in the Trans- 

 actions of the Highland Agricultural Society, are derived 

 the following results:— 4 ' 1. That the addition of some 

 cold water facilitates the process, or the separation of 

 butter, especially when the cream is thick and the weather 



hot 2. That cream alone is more easily churned than 



a mixture of cream and milk. — 3. That butter produced 

 from sweet cream has the finest flavour when fresh, and 

 appears to keep longest without acquiring rancidity ; but 

 the buttermilk so obtained is poor, and small in quantity. 

 — 4. That the scalding of the cream, according to the 

 Devonshire method, yields the largest quantity of butter, 

 which, if intended for immediate use, is agreeable to the 

 palate and readily saleable; but if intended to be salted, 

 is most liable to acquire, by keeping, a rancid flavour. 

 The process of scalding is troublesome, and the milk after 

 the removal of the cream is poor, and often would be un- 

 saleable, from the taste it has acquired from the heating. 

 — 5. That churning the milk and cream together, after 

 they have become slightly acid, seems to be the most 

 economical process, on the whole, because it yields a 

 large quantity of excellent butter, and the buttermilk of 



good quality G. That the keeping of butter in a sound 



state appears to depend on its being obtained as free from 

 uncombined albumen or casein and water as it can be, 

 by means of washing and working the butter when taken 

 from the churn." — Report of Commissioners of Patents, 



with Winter Vetches, and another portion in February 

 with Spring Vetches. These will come into use a full 

 crop between the first and second cuttings of Clover, and 

 may be succeeded with transplanted Swedish Turnips, 

 which may be supplied in the best manner by thinning 

 the sown Swedes to 6 inches at first, and, when the 

 plants are strong, removing the alternate ones for trans- 

 planting. The ground on which Flax has grown is the 

 best adapted for the treatment described, the Flax crop 

 being the first taken from the ground. Two full crops 

 of green food are thus secured in the same season. 

 Manure must be given to the Rape and transplanted 

 Turnips ; but if the house-feeding system be carried out 

 to the full extent, there will be no scarcity of manure 

 for every purpose ; and it is good economy to get the 

 manure into the land as soon as possible after being 

 collected. Rape and Vetches are essential to a complete 

 system of house-feeding ; they fill up the intervals in 

 spring, summer, and autumn, when Turnips and Clover 

 cannot be commanded. Cabbages, to a moderate extent, 

 are also most useful. By planting early and late Cab- 

 bages in early spring alternately, the early kinds are 

 brought forward for use in July and August ; and the 

 late, then standing at wide distances, have room to com- 

 plete their growth by October and November.— «/. A., in 

 the Dublin Farmers' Gazette. 



U. S. 



Rent-day. — To those agents who, by good fortune, 

 acquire the management of estates, and who have no 

 experience but what they borrow from their friends, the 

 author bt gs them to get practical men to set out and 

 superintend the work, and, In the face of the present 

 times, assist the tenant in doing that which he cannot do 

 himself, and, by so doing, enable him to procure his rent 

 at the time it becomes due, instead of whipping him up 

 and threatening him with distress the moment he got into 

 arrears, and thus meet him with a face all smiles and 

 thankfulness, instead of one as long as a fiddle, and 

 grievances to recount sufficient to fill a sheet of foolscap 

 paper. There is no class of men upon earth so grateful 

 as the British farmer. I do not mean the gentleman 

 farmer, but the man who gets his living for himself and 

 family from his farm, and whose all is invested in it ; 

 and there is no man whose heart is so light and happy 

 as the farmer, who, with his half-year's rent in his pocket, 

 can meet his landlord, or the agent of his landlord, with 

 a smiling face, pay his rent, enjoy his dinner and a pipe 

 afterwards, and then return home with the pleasing 

 reflection to his family that he met his landlord, and that 

 he behaved kindly to him, and promised him various 

 things which required doing upon his farm. It is this 

 class of farmers, too, who want assisting, as, when the 

 harvest is over, he has to begin to sell his spring Corn to 

 pay his servants' wages, his Wheat, part to pay his 

 Michaelmas rent, and before Lady-day his stock-yard is 

 cleared. Great rises in the market he never can reap the 

 benefit of, because he cannot keep a Wheat-stack to look 

 at; it is only the gentleman farmer who can derive any 

 benefit from the sudden advance of the market. The 

 system, too, of giving back 10 or 15 per cent., and in 

 some instances 20 per cent., is bad in principle as well 

 as in practice— it gives the landlord a fictitious rental, 

 and returns to the tenant a sum of money in bad times, 



whichhe cannot afford to lay out upon his land, but uses 



for other purposes. — Hutchinson on the Practical 



Drainage of Land. 



The Cultivation of Rape.— The value of Rape for 



spring food has frequently engaged the attention of your 



correspondents and yourself. You have on several occa- 

 sions recommended the mode of raising the Rape-plants 



in a seed-bed, to be transplanted when Flax or Corn is 



removed ; and you seem to doubt the success of sowing 



the seed after these crops are taken from the ground. I 

 have for several years sown Rape on my Flax ground, 

 broadcast, with perfect success. I would recommend 

 sowing it: at three times I the first as early as possible, 

 which this year may probably be about the 1st August ; 

 the second about the middle of August ; and the third on 

 the 1st September. Rape sown on the 1st August will, 

 in an ordinary season, give a good cutting very early in 

 April I and that sown 1st September will last till the 

 Clover is ready for cutting. The ground occupied by 

 the Rape may be sown with Spring Vetches in May and 

 June, in order to succeed the second cutting of Clover. A 

 portion of the Flax ground may be sown late in September southdown fS i o i i 



Notices to Correspondents. 

 Barley.— Youellfy Co.— Your specimen (it arrived in a mutilated 



state; is a long ear of six-rowed Barley. The grain appears line 



and plump. 

 Books.— J. R. Pearson.— Sinclair's "Hortus Gramineus Wo- 



burnensis." 

 Camkuna sativa. — E. B.—Mt. Sproule's directions for the 

 cultivation of Flax may be safely followed in most particulars, 

 with reference to this plant. See former Numbers of the 

 Gazette. Further information hereafter. 

 Coltsfoot.— T. li. Arery.— Your note of July 23 is the only one 

 we have received from you. The best way to rid the land of 

 Coltsfoot is perseverance in pulling the flowers in spring, and 

 the leaves with as much root as possible whenever they appear. 

 Early Spring Crops.— J. Rosetta. — You may have Cabbages 

 early in April, by sowing the seed of an early sort in beds now, 

 and transplanting at the right time. And if you sow Vetches 

 in September, on good soil, you may expect to be able to cut 

 them early in May. 

 Failure of Crops. — Leicestershire Farmer. — The only chance 

 of a remedy for your case, so far as we know, lies in sowing late 

 Turnips ; and in sowing early Cabbage, to transplant in October 

 for use in April. 

 Fixation of Ammonia. — S. Newington. — Burnt gypsum contains 

 about half its weight of sulphuric acid. The greater certainty of 

 its operation would induce us t$ prefer the latter, though at 

 greater expense. Unquestionably, it is advisable to convert the 

 carbonate of ammonia into sulphate, or some other fixed form of 

 ammoniacal salt. The difference in price between sulphate and 

 carbonate of ammonia arises from the mode of their manu- 

 facture. The former is prepared from gas water, most of which 

 used to be wasted as useless. 

 Gas-lime.- Jack Spratt — If you first expose it for a considerable 



time to the air, it may be beneficially mixed with manure. 

 Gypsum.— W. T. B.— This manure may be adulterated with lime. 

 Purchase only from a respectable dealer. The application of 

 more than is necessary to fix ammonia is not injurious, and may 

 be beneficial. Gypsum is sold in powder; if you obtain it in the 

 solid form, it may be pulverised by burning. 

 Manures.— L. O.— The manure from the tan-yard, which you 

 describe, is probably superior per bulk to ordinary farm-yard 

 manure. Old ashes in night-soil dilute it, and so far injure it; 

 but they are not injurious in themselves. 

 Potash.— Constant Reader.— -This alkali can be applied to land 

 as nitrate. Apply 1 cwt. of saltpetre, which is nitrate of potash, 

 per acre. 

 Potatoes.— Petto.— Your abundant haulm justifies your antici- 

 pation of a good crop. Do not roll the plant down— we never 

 heard of such a thing. Try the effect of pulling the blossoms. 

 Small Farms.— An Inquirer.— We cannot learn that any ques- 

 tion has been received from you on this subject. We heartily 

 wish that Cobbett's perspicuity could be transferred to all writers 

 on rural affairs. But how is that tobedor.e? There are few 

 men who are very clear-headed, and no education will render 

 persons perspicuous whose ideas are perplexed. 

 Tankard Swede.— A Reader.— There is a variety of this form; 



apply to your seedsman. 

 Turnip Cutter. — W. C. — An implement of this class was ex- 

 hibited at Southampton by Mr. Philipps, of Bristol, having a 

 cross-cutting apparatus, reducing the finger-shaped pieces in 

 which the Turnip is delivered to a uniform length of about 

 1£ inch. All roots are the better of being washed, whatever 

 the mode in which they are to be given as food. Your other 

 questions next week. 

 Wireworm.— Fudge.— Now that they are actually at work on 



your Swedes, we know of no help for you. 

 Miscellaneous. — Claudiocestricnsis. — We do not know Mr. 

 Smith's address, but a letter to him at Deanston would probably 

 be forwarded. 

 ** *As usual, many communications have been received too late. 



COVENT GARDEN, Auo. 3.— In consequence of thelaT^ 

 favourable weather, the supplies are amply sufficient to meet 

 the demand. Pine apples of good quality are brought, and 

 among them are some good Providences, Queens, and Mont- 

 serrats. Some fine-looking bunches of Black Hamburgh and 

 Muscat Grapes are to be met with, which are offered at nearly 

 the same prices as last week. Peaches and Nectarines are not 

 so large as we have seen them ; and Apricots, although abun- 

 dant, are very small. Orleans, Green Gages, and other kinds 

 ofPiums, are becoming more abundant; but Strawberries, Cur- 

 rants, Gooseberries, and Dessert Cherries, are getting scarcer 

 particularly the former ; Cherries for preserving are plentiful! 

 Of Pears, some good specimens of Jargonelle may be met with. 

 The supply of Apples is good, and they are of larger size than 

 they were last weekj they consist chiefly of Juneating and a 

 few Hawthorndeans. Abundance of good foreign Melons are 

 in the market ; but good English-grown varieties are scarce. A 

 few Fig> have been offered during the week at from Ad. to 6d. 

 each. There has been little alteration in the price of Vegetables 

 since our last Report. The late showers have favoured the 

 growth of Peas, which continue to be well supplied, although 

 not so abundantly as a few weeks back. Cauliflowers are fine, 

 but they are becoming scarcer. Potatoes and Carrots are clean 

 and good; French Beans arc sufficient for the demand, and 

 Celery is good for this early period of the season. Salading and 

 Herbs of every kind are abundant. Cut Flowers consist of 

 Combretum purpureum, Ceanothus azureus, Bignoniavenusta, 

 Alstrcemeria pelegrina, Carnations, Picotees, Heaths, Pelargo- 

 niums, Verbenas, Fuchsias, Gardenias, Roses, and a few Ca- 

 mellias. 



FRUITS. 



Plums, per half-sieve, 2s 6dto Si 

 Strawberries, per gallon, \i 6d to 2s 

 Gooseberries, per hi'.-sieve, It 6d to 4$ 

 Walnuts, pickl., perbsh. , 4s 6d to5s6d 

 Oranges, per dozen, la to !t 



— per 100, 5« to 14* 



— bitter, per 100, 8* to 14* 

 Lemons, per dozen, \s to 2* 



— per 100, 8« to lis 

 Almonds, per peck, 6* 

 Sweet Almonds, per lb., 24 6d 

 Nuts, Barcelona, 22s 



Pine Apple, per lb., As to 6s 

 Hothouse Grapes, perlb., 2s to 6s 

 Melons, each,2j to 5* 

 Peaches, per dozen, 5* to 10# 

 Apples, De>s., per bush-, 2s 6d9)As6d 



— Kitchen, 2s 6d to As 

 Pears, Dess-, per halt'-sv., 3* 6d to 5s 

 Cherries, Wall, per lb., 1* 6d to 2s 6d 



— Standards, per doz , l*to3* 



— Morel lo, per hf.-sv., As to 6* 

 Currants, per half-sieve, 2* 6d to 6« 



— white, per sieve, 4s to 5* 6d 



— Black, per sv-, 2s 6d to 6s ' _ Cob, 14» 



VEGETABLES. 



Cabbages, per dozen, 3d to Is 

 Cauliflowers, per doz., 3s to 9* 

 Sorrel, per hf.-sieve, 6d to 9d 

 Artichokes, per doz., U to 3* 

 French Beans, per hf.-sv., 1* 6d to 3a 

 Potatoes, New, per cwt , 4a 6d to 6s 6d 

 New Turnips, per bunch, 3d to lOd 

 Pea3, per bushel sieve, 2s to 3a 6d 

 Red Beet, per doz., la to 2« 

 New Carrots, Ad to 9d 

 Basil, per bunch, Ad to 6d 

 Horse Radish, per bundle, 2s to 8a 

 Savory, per bunch, 3d to Gd 

 Cucumbers, Frame, each, 6d to 9<i 

 — Ridge, each, 3d to bd 



Vegetable Marrow, per doz-, 9d to 2a 

 Spinach, per sieve, 2a to 3a 



Leeks, per bun.; 3d to 4d 

 Chilis, per doz , la 

 Garlic, per lb.,6d to Qd 

 Onions, per bunch, 2d to 7d 



— large, per bushel, la to 3* 

 Shallots, per lb., Ad to 6d 



— Green, per bunch, 3d to Ad 

 Lettuce, per score, 6d to la 6d 

 Celery, per bunch, la to ls6d 

 Mushrooms, per pottle, 2a to 3a 6d 

 Small Salads, per punnet, 2d to 3d 

 Watercress, p. 12 sm. bun. 3d to 6d 

 Parsley, per hf.-sieve, la to la 6d 

 Tarragon, Green, per bunch, 3d to Ad 

 Green Mint, per bunch, 2d to Ad 

 Marjoram, per bunch, 4*/ to 6d 

 Chervil, per punnet, 2d to 3d 



HAY.— Per Load of 36 Trusses. 



Smithpield, Aug. 2. 



Prime Upland Hay 90s to 100s , Clover - 100s to 120s I Straw 

 Inferior „ 80 90 „ New 85 105 I 



New Hay „ 



- 24s to 30s 

 John Cooper, Salesman. 



80 83 



Cumberland Market, Aug. 1. 



Superior Old Hay 95s to 105s I Superior Cloverl 15s to 120 

 Inferior - 86 92 1 Interior „ 100 106 



84 97 1 New Clover 95 105 



Joshua Bakbr 



Whitechapel, Aug. 2. 



84s to 90s . Old Clover 120s 130s | Straw 21s to 32s 

 92 108 ! New Clover 95 110 



New Hay 



Straw 28s to 31s 

 ay Salesman. 



Old Hay 

 Fine ,, 

 New Hay 



75 



84 



HOPS, Friday, Aug. 2. 



The accounts' are daily getting wors?, and the duty Is to-dayat 140,000/. 

 Several lot* of Hops have been sold during the week at better prices. 



Patxknden & Smith, Hop-Factors; 



MARK-LANE, Monday, July 2?. 

 The show of English Wheat by land carriage samples this 

 morning was considerable, having, in addition to a liberal 

 arrival, some portion of last week's remaining over unsold ; the 

 Millers evincing a total indifference to purchase, but little pro- 

 gress could be made with sales generally, even at a decline of 

 4s. to 5*. per qr. Foreign was equally difficult to dispose of, 

 although offered at a reduction of 2s. to 3s. per qr.— Barley is 

 very unsaleable, and the turn cheaper.— With the exception of 

 new White Peas, which sell currently at our quotations, other 

 descriptions, and Beans, are rather lower.— There was a fair 

 quantity of Oats offering, which met a slow sale at a decline of 

 6d. per qr.— The nominal price of Flour remains unaltered, but 

 the trade are generally selling at rather less money. 



SMITHFIELD, Monday, July 29.— Per stone of 8 lbs. 



Beat Scots, Hereford a, &c. 3s 8to4s 

 Best Short Horns -3438 



Second quality Beasts - 2 10 3 4 

 Calves - - - - 3 8 4 2 



Best Downs & Half-breds 3s 8 to 4s 

 Best Long-wools - -3638 

 Ewes and second quality 3 2 3 6 

 Lambs - - - 4 4 10 



BRITISH, PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. 

 Wheat, Essex, Kent, and Suffolk - . White 



Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and Yorkshire 



Barley, Malting and distilling 27s to 30s Chevalier 

 Oats, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire . . Polands 



Northumberland and Scotch . . £ ee £ 



Iiish . . . . . Feed 



Malt, pale, ship * • 



Hertford and Essex 



Rye • • ™ 



Beans, Mazagan, old and new 27 to 32 Tick a 



Pigeon, Heligoland . 33 to 36 Winds. — 



Peas, White . . . . 33 to 40 Maple 29 



ARRIVALS IN THE RIVER ?4 ST JJJ ? Rye. 



s. 



40 



32 

 SO 

 20 

 13 

 50 

 54 



s* 





*. 



S. 



48 



Red - 



42 



47 





White 



— 



— 



S3 



Grind. 



25 



32 



23 



Feed 



19 



22 



23 



Potato 



21 



a 



23 



Potato 



19 



24 



56 









60 









as 







44 #v 



33 



Harrow 



30 



33 



82 



Longpod— 

 Grey 27 



30 



Flour. 



English 



1 7046 Sks. — Brls. 



7577 



Irish . 



• — *> — $9 



^— 



Foreign 



• — 99 99 



\ 15103 



t Wht. Barl. Malt. 



106 



112 JO 



3307 



449 



43C9 



14879 



— 2486 



Bns. Pea* 

 399 



8205 



568 



Friday, Aug. 2. 



Pigs • . - - 8 3 8 



Beasts, 2858; Sheep and Lambs, 37*330; Calves, 188; Pigs, 312. 



The supply of Beasts to-day is large, and the trade very heavy; on the 

 whole, prices are lower ; 4s for the best Scots, &c, is quite an extreme quo- 

 tation, not being generally realised ; many of the best Shorthorns, also, are 

 sold under 3s 8d, and middling qualities are very heavy on hand— several 

 remain unsold. Thenumber of Sheep is larger than we have known for a 

 long period, and, considering the quantity, the prices, although lower, are 

 better than could be expected, showing a disposition to improvement, should 

 the supply at all decrease, which is highly probable. Lamb is a shade 

 lower; still, there are many buyers for the best qualities, which suffer but a 

 small reduction. Calves are rather shorter, and a little better trade. 



Friday, Aug. 2. 



We have a fair supply of fresh Beast*, which, with those left from last 

 Monday, cause a large market. Trade is heavy, though we cannot quote 

 prices any lower- indeed, the trade having been pretty good in the dead 

 market since Monday, hascaused a good attendance of buyers. The supply, 

 also, ot Sheep and Lambs is pretty good, but there ia a good demand, and 

 everything makes fully 2d per 8 lbs more than m Monday. Veal is rather 

 better trade, there beini< several less than last week. Pork has also improved, 

 the weather having been during the week favourable for the aale of this 

 article. 



Beasts, 907; Sheep and Lambi, 11,330; Calves, 414 ; Pigs, 270. 



41, West Smithfield. 



The weather here since Monday having be *" c j^ 

 the accounts from many parts of the J 00 **^?^ 

 bad, no disposition has been evinced to pres ■"•£■££» j 

 either on Wednesday or this morning. ™. ^ n u rlined to 

 buyers was tolerably good, but holders not being J^» n ™ cdt 



accept the terms offered, very little ^ l P w lZ^oAh^^ 

 The quantity entered for consumption during tl « week hw °e 

 47,533 qrs.-Batley and Beans are a very dull ^^J^^ 

 part of the White Peas sold on Monday were « f ;j^ 

 of samples this morning being large, they could jao ; be dispo 

 of, except at a decline of 4s. per qr. Maple and Grey rem 

 unaltered.— The Oat-trade is very heavy, and foreign as wei 

 stale qualities must be written 6rf. to is. lower. 



IMPERIAL AVERAGES. 



June 21 per Quarter. 



— 88 . - • 



July 5 • 



— 12 . 



— 10 . • 



26 . • • 



Wheat. 



65* Qd 

 55 9 

 65 8 

 64 10 

 64 1 

 52 9 



Barley. 

 32* 3d 

 84 

 84 5 

 34 10 

 34 6 

 84 2 



31 1 



Oats. 



22« 8d 

 22 9 

 22 11 

 22 3 

 21 6 

 20 10 



Rye. 



34a 2d 

 85 

 85 

 34 2 

 36 4 

 83 9 



6 weeks' Aggreg. Aver. 



64 9 



22 2 



34 9 



Dutlea on Foreign Grain 18 



A 



6 1 



8 «" 



Beans. 



87*10<* 



38 







Bfl 



8 



37 



8 



37 



7 



87 







A 



37 



T 



n 



6 



Peas- 



85*** 



36 

 86 



W 



37 

 37 



6 



I 

 6 

 8 



8 



4 



7 

 7 



WOOL.— British, Friday, Aug. 2. 



Our English Wool Market continues active- The demand for nearly all 

 descriptions is good, and prices have slightly advanced. 



per lb. 

 Is id to Is 3d 

 II 1 Si 



perlb. 

 Long-wooled Wethers lsOdtolsld 



Hoggitts 11 1 3J 



Somhdown Hoggins 

 Kent Fleece. 



Jamju PBRRiy, Wool Broker, 



Canary - - per qr 

 Carraway - per cwt 



Clover, Bed, Englj»h 



_ — Foreign 



_ White, English - 



_. _ Foreign 



Coriander - - - - 



Hempseed - per last 



Linked - - per qr 



_ Baltic 



_ Cakes,Eng. per 1000 



SEEDS, July 29. . , „ tn - fl f t o 71 10" 



50. to 52. LinseedCakes.Forelgn.P-ton GJto f^ 

 Mustard, White - P- bush. — f? - 

 «_ Superfine ,» _ 



_ Brown ,» ggj 



Rapeseed, English, per last X* ^ 



Rape Cake. - P" wn Z - 



IS 18 Sainfoin - - ".,„*. 5 1 

 86 40 Tares, Eng. winter P- bi"»- ^ _ 



— — — Foreign - - — «- 



