I J? 









; 



1844] 



r^^^ _ ^ rl _ account of their large showy blossoms of 

 the richest colours, but they also possess an agreeable 

 aromatic fragrance which adds considerably to their value. 

 For decorating the greenhouse and conservatory at this 

 season, when flowers are scarce, they are invaluable, as 

 thev keep in bloom for a considerable length of time, 

 and in beauty they have no rival. It may be remarked 

 that in some collections we have seen, scarcely two 

 plants have the same shade and disposition of colour. 

 There is a regular gradation of tints, from pure white to 

 the rich colour of L. sp. rubrum. In some, the rich 

 crimson spottings are more numerous; in others, they 

 are larger ; and in a few they are almost wanting. Mr. 

 Groom who is a most successful cultivator of these 

 plants has grown nearly all the kinds in the open air for 

 three years, and he considers them sufficiently hardy to 

 stand our winters, if planted in light soil, and at a good 

 depth. Tins season he has large beds of them planted 

 out which are producing an abundance of bloom. Mr. 

 Groom remarked that the plan he generally pursues in 

 the pot culture of these Lilies is, to grow them in pots of 

 a large size, having plenty of drainage, and to use peat 

 only with a little tine sand for the soil. One great point 

 is to keep the bulbs, particularly the largest, at a suffi- 

 cient depth to allow soil enough above the bulb for the 

 stem-fibres to grow freely. When they require repot- 

 ting, which should only be performed whilst the bulbs 

 are dormant, they should be turned out of the old 

 pots, and have the crocks carefully removed, so as to 

 avoid injuring the fibres, or even disturbing the soil. The 

 bulbs are then to be repotted in a larger-sized pot in peat 

 and sand, with good drainage. They are easily in- 

 creased by placing some pieces of turfy peat round the 

 stem at a sufficient distance to allow room for some 

 finer peat to be placed next the plant. In this way a 

 fine stock of them may soon be obtained. 



THE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE. 



591 



NOTICES of NEW PLANTS WHICH are EITHER 



USEFUL OR ORNAMENTAL. 



Berberisumbsu.ata. Umbellate Berberry. (Hardy Shrub 

 Berberaceae. Hexandria Mono<rynia.— This is a hardy sub- 

 evergreen bush, about three feet hi-li. growing freely 'in Un- 

 common garden soil, dowering freely in June, and easily increase 

 either by seeds or layers, it was raised in the garden of the 

 Horticultural Society, from seeds received from the East India 

 Company at diff, r ent times, and under variou imeg, b'ut more 

 particularly those of B. Wallichiana and floribunda. It is no 

 doubt in many other collections undo this or similar names, 

 the !t n n howe . vc I' h " «P»ny leaves, not at all glaucous on 

 tpLp^ L\ ' ^ B "- ^ a,lichia,,a . which also diners in these 

 Sffil? 1 .™ if f lefasc , lcle » f flowers, and is quite another thing. 



SaucoL S £ %°3 by , ,ts 1,arrow ' "Ptoelew leaves, slight 

 HIS. !* en /? and becoming more so iheoTdiy. 



B umb h S ' lngUlSk(i a plant caIlcd B - ™g-losa from his 



gi'ble mark rf h Vt °. u "l ,ec,mens of il fr °™ him Present no tan- 



ffiS^K__?w - AS for tne name -mbellata, it is 

 the sS been produced into systematic works, for 



taker ?" i 2 D_»ntl J """'f ' £.?» Which ci ". un >**nc e it has been 

 R^Uter apparen0y accid «ntal and unimportant.-^/™,™/ 



•^«T-SiS^hf^ ' rarrk " s have bcen ft-«w-«i «-ith 



universal adn haUon I* be * u < iful ' " f . **«* ~»™ excited 

 to take _dv_n?_£_ f ° have * therefore, thought it desirable 



distmet among C *££"* f,,r *£*** I her the most 



of their origins a n foll )V ? CC(,,,Mt Mr ' ( * has ^ 



^e beautuul vai id wei 



ningt SSata ^ 7 rUbra _««■■* with the ,, Ilea of Si 



thema,V p „ei t J _?iS!K, howcvi r ' K1VC UttIe evi " 

 euiaW V*,' aJt K,u « h the brnnchtnr 1. 



g habit which distia- 



n_-n«-i».°_ L i' 2 » anti •*» are proofs of their HiUa_.ee to Sinnimria 



i 



. arton, who has been long celebrated tor pr ucing 



and S tera S Vnd an er ,? flu ''!' wh,ch *** vr,y hair >' leave * 

 gardens oi tt e Dl _** ^l^?*' 11 -, **"* wcre «*-* «*-d in tiie 



&^ Mr. Carton _.?° f l lNorhui ' rlandatS'- i,b) grace's 



>ciety in 

 Uanksian 



various intereJino. , ' lon ^ ct'lcbrnted tor proctucinK 



were eifi b5 TT? by ^-Vbridusmg. Plants ol them 

 R egent-street in in f befoM ,,,e BoriicultOfal Sod 

 Medal. The Jaml J*?!' whcn the >' Were awarded a liai 

 since very profn'L ' dlv ' d ' ials have continued to b m , 

 On that account &s\ln re " ow . August 14th, -till in Bower. 

 to prove pcrnvmpn? a t,!e,r S reat beauty, they are likely 



nical RegZ object * * ***** * our garden -Botl 



Braziii d ^ isceil aneous. 



p k*,ure-Gardf?' 9 _! , **?" ** €llhcr Kitchcn or 



Brazilian Beet Tu "■ abo,,t 10 0r 12 years fiince the 

 gardens of Bel br a-iliensis) was introduced into the 



an ornamental 81 | Um ' t>Ut there itwas 0,,1 y considered as 

 it certainly «„■? ' and the hca ^^ of its leaves makt 

 and crimson , i WOrthy of bein S 8 °» { or the golden-red 

 among other n i ed r ' bs l m,duce a beautiful effect 

 at present a t j " ** docs not ' nowever, apjiear that, 

 Brazilian Beet ^ ° Ver thou ht of cultivattng tlie 



remarked that ' ^ & vegetaolc ! on the contrary, we have 

 nierly cultivat 1 ?. B0 ? i ' t °^ tne gardens where it was for- 

 ^°r other om« C 2t is n0w disappearing, to make room 



not a favour , p raeiURl p,ant8, i>erha P 8 aIso > this I )Llnt is 

 insigni ncant J* 11 " amateurs, as its flowers are rather 



w °uld be h'ff ore we s P €ak of its cultivation, ir 

 fleshy, and ^ ter ^ give its description t— The root 



16 inches to i f * ,tself in the soil ; the leaves are from 

 soil and its pt - lon * acc ording to the fertility of the 



midr fo from 2t 0S ^ On * The middl « of the leaf forms a 

 and becomes H * lnches br oad, fleshy and succulent, 



red » and varies -T towards the t0 P- lt is y ellow or 

 Tae width of h* the sliade8 °f these two colours. 

 8hil »ng, puckp 7 leaf J s 8 inclies ; the upper surface 

 of the same eni ofabea ntiful green, crossed with veins 



Jtself the second" ^ the roidrib ' The 8tem develo P es 

 flowe rs and a } ear ' and re «cmbles in this, and also the 

 daces an abun i * those of *• harden Beet. It pro- 

 easv t« naan ce of seeds, and is consequently very 



_ . /v, BB1( Cultivation.— To cultivate this 



be ginnin* f a m° W the seed at the end of March or 



April upon a cold bed, or a well eiposed 



f 



i^three or^l^L^ UP ^ hb °, Ut 8 ° r 10 ***** *° d f ^SP i ". between ^em with the clay, making it as firm as 



ntnree or four weeks the young plants are strong enough 

 to be transplanted. To each plant is given 3 feet 

 square of ground if it is good and fertile ; in a moderate 

 soil 1 foot 8 inches is sufficient. The Brazilian Beet 

 flourishes in almost all kinds of soils, but a maiden soil, 

 composed of sandy loam, suits it best. During its vege- 

 tation, particularly at the beginning it must be well 

 hoed and watered in dry weather. It~is not necessarv to 

 take away the weeds, because they are smothered by the 

 large leaves of the Beet. f/.«.-When the season is 

 rather unfavourable the leaves may be cut off every five 

 weeks, beginning in June, taking the outside ones, and 



eaving those which form the heart, or else cutting off 

 the neck of the root, with all the leaves, which does not 

 hurt the plant It may be prepared for table like 

 Spinach, in which case the green part must be separated 

 from the leaves ; the coloured ribs may take the place of 

 Asparagus, and be prepared in the same manner, after 

 they have been boiled in water ; they may be eaten with 

 either oil or vinegar; at all events the skins which cover 

 them must be peeled off the ribs. In order to obtain 

 this plant m winter, or early in the spring, it is neces- 

 sary to make a seed-bed late in June or July ; to prick 

 out the young plants upon a cold bed, where they will 

 remain until February ; then they must be transplanted 

 upon a hot-bed, where they will give an abundant crop. 

 They may also be taken out in the autumn, before the 

 winter sets in, and be planted in a cellar, where they will 

 produce leaves during all winter, which may be eaten 

 cooked pr as a salad. We can recommend the cultiva- 

 tion of this plant, for its produce is not only sure, but as 

 agreeable as wholesome, and in all respects deserves the 

 preference to the common garden Chard Beet.— Revue 

 Horticole. 



The White, or Barn Oicl.— Another species, the 

 victim of all who, ignorant of his value, can get a shot at 

 him. "Asa constant destroyer of rats and mice," says 

 the historian of British Birds, "the services performed 

 by them for the agriculturist have obtained lor them a 

 toleration which they well deserve." I fear this remark 

 applies to some very enlightened localities : here he ob- 

 tains no mercy. The number of mice this bird must 

 destroy is very great, as a vigilant observer has seen him 

 return to his nest with his prey every five minutes. The 

 gardener complains of the destruction of his early crop 

 of Peas by mice, but he feels no hesitation or remorse at 

 having a shot at the bird who would be of essential ser- 

 vice to him in preserving his produce from these depre- 

 dators — J. M, 



.£.';& 



gate. 



CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 



For the ensuing Week. 

 I.— HOTHOUSE, CONSERVATORIES, &c. 



Tub beginning or September, when slight fires will be neces- 

 sary in dull or cold weather, is a critical time for stove plants. 

 The house must now be kept raorecl< , air bein^piven in the 



iddle of the day only. An increase of heat by artificial means 

 lb more likely to retard the ripening 1 of plants now than if they 

 were left cool and dry : the thermometer should not, however, 

 he allowed to fall below 6o°: for the next six weeks, and during 

 this time, it is of as much importance to keep the atmosphere of 

 the house dry as in the dead of winter. These rules however, 

 do not apply t ,>se habit is to grow in winter, as is 



the case with many bulbs- Orchidacere and a few other j-lant- 

 Clerodendron snlendci. 5 one which grows late in the autumn, 

 and may now be encouraged 5 it will flower tor a long- time in 

 winter, and established plants of it should not be forced to 

 tjrow in the spring or early summer : like some other plants it 

 eqoirea a longtime of rest after flowering:. 



Consen ntory.— -The management of the conservatory will he 

 more uniform now than in summer: no syringing wiil be 

 necc ry unless for a plant here and there, which may re- 

 quire it lor keeping down insects; where blinds have been in 

 use to keep off the sun they cannot he dispensed with yet alto- 



rher, but use them as little as possible irom this time"; get all 

 the watering done in the morning, and give no more of it to 

 any stove plants which are brought into this house for their 

 flowers than just enough to keep them from drooping their 

 leaves. The few species of Lantana which we cultivate in this 

 country are well suited for flowering In this house late in sum- 

 mer and I >ugh the autumn, and there is no doubt but some 

 kinds oi them would interbreed and make fine hybrids. There 

 are between 40 and 50 sorts of Lantanas in the Berlin Botanic 

 Garden, many of which, no doubt, would be welcomed in this 

 country, and might easily be procured thr h the nursery, 

 men. The old Turnera elegans is a very useful and gay plant : 

 it flowers from April to October in the conservatory, and even 

 out of doors in summer; but it requires a house rather warmer 

 than a greenhouse in winter, and is the first to go off in damp 

 winters. Yung plants of it in small pots, well drained, and 

 filled with sandy loam only, might now be put in a spare melon 

 frame to ripen them off; when they have tilled the pots with 

 roots, harden them by admitting plent} ir. In winter pla< 



them on a shelf near the glass, ina cool part of the stove. — D.B. 



II.— FLOWER GARDEN' AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Out-door Department. 



Now that the weather is so fine it will he as well, where such 

 convenience is requisite for the pre uion of the more hardy 



ct the tender plants through the winter, that provision be made 

 for the for mation of a good-sized temporary pit. Turves of 

 dry peat, where they can be readily procured, are as good a 

 material u can be used, hut in the absence of them, turves of a 

 loamy nature will be found a Rood substitute. The situation 

 Whore the pits are built should be dry and sheltered, and the 

 turf wal lould not be less than fifteen inches thick. Make 

 the walls firm as you proceed, and when of the requisite height 

 dress the sides oflT square and neat with an old hay knife, or 

 some such instrument. The top layer of turves must be 

 secured in their places by driving pegs through into the lower 

 ones, and if the whole of the walls of a pit of this kind could be 

 covered with Croggon's Patent Asphalte Roofing, which is 

 a very inexpensive material, they would be rendered doubly 

 secure, as so long as they are dry there is 00 fear of tro^t pene- 

 trating; but if they become wet, which the asphalte wo;>ld pre- 



nt, their protective influence would be materially deterio- 

 rated. I intend, as an experiment, to build a pit with mud 

 wails, In imitation of the mud cabins in Ireland, and some 

 parts ot this country. T c hous re very warm, and if they 

 vrcre budt with hollow walla they would be still warmer. My 

 mode of procedure will bo as follows: — Having procured a 



taniity of strong clay, which will be worked to the consist- 

 ency of mortar, and also liberally intermixed with chopped 



Straw or refuse Hay to bind together, I *hall place down _ 



planks fifteen inches apart in the direction of the walls, and ordinary routine of keeping the garden neat and cleao. Con* 



possible. As soon as the first layer is dry-f >r it should not be 

 more than six or eight inches deep-I shall proceed with 

 another one, and so on until the walls are of the requisite 

 height When the walls are dry they may be plastered over 

 with clay and cowdung, just to give them a uniform appear- 

 ance. Ih-se pits I expect will stand for years, and answer 

 admirably. 



Reserve Garden.— Prepare a piece of ground for sowing a 

 general collection of hardy annuals, which in late situations 

 may be sown immediately, but in favourable soils the middle of 

 September will be soon enough. Wallflowers, where they are 

 too thick, must be pricked out into nursery beds for trans- 

 planting when the border* are cleared for the winter. 



General Tom Thumb Pelargouium.— In answer to numerous 

 inquiries, I may state that plants oi this kind are not at my dis. 

 posal, but in the spring will be plentifully supplied by the nur- 

 serymen.— IF. P. .4. 



III.— FLORISTS' FLOWERS. 

 Polyanthus.— Now will be a good timeto get in fresh varie- 

 ties, so that they may get well established before winter. If 

 plants come from a distance, and are planted on the border, a 

 hand glass should be placed over them, and carefully shaued. 

 Loam and leaf-soil, in equal parts, will be found a simple and 

 good compost to grow them in. In the M Florist Reformer " of 

 last week, I see a fine Polyanthus raised by the late John 

 Hufton is omitted ; it was let out only partially in his own 

 neighbourhood, and I believe it has not yet been honoured 

 with an alias. The sort we allude to is Squire Ray. 

 Carnations.— Attend to the directions given last week; and 

 carefully extract all decayed petals from the calyx where there 

 is any chance of seed. Pre are soil to pot layers in, when they 

 are ready to take off. It should be loam, river-sand, and 

 decayed leaves, well turned and thoroughly examined, and run 



in £ d ' SO that no wire -worm or grub may escape. 



1 he flower-stalks, where there is no seed, may now be cut 

 off close to the surface, and the sticks or supports removed, 

 cleaned, and put away till next season. Pa»*ie*\-Plantinc 

 beds for blooming next season ought not to be delayed much 

 longer; we have found the following compost to be excellent, 

 in securing strong healthy plants and fine blooms : -Two parts 

 fresh maiden loam, one part decayed cow-manure, one part 

 street-sweepings, one part leaf soil or decayed vegetable 

 matter. This, if well mixed and sweetened by repeated 

 turnings, previous to forming the bed, will we are confident 

 not disappoint the Amateur's expectations. Turn over the soil 

 of the Tulip bed, and if fresh compost is required, see to it in 

 time.— J. F. W. 



IV.-PINERIES, VINERIES, &c. 



Pinery.— Where the autumn arrangement of the plants has 

 not taken place, it is tin>e it was set about, as the less thev 

 are disturbed alter this time the better. The plants in fruit, 

 those for fruiting next spring, and the later succ, ssioos should, 

 if possible, be arranged in separate pits, as the treatment re- 

 quired by each differs. The plants for fruiting next year, as 

 well as those m fruit, will require to have plight fires made in 

 dull cold weather; let the fires be made in the morning, so as to 

 admit of a little air being given every day. Keep a less humid 

 atmosphere tor the spring fruiters from this time, as it is more 

 desirable now to give strength and firmness to the plants, or I 

 may say to thicken the sap of the plants, than to cause them to 

 increase in size. Suckers and crowns that are rooted should 

 have air admitted daily, to prevent their drawing up weakly. 



Vineries.— Continue the attention recommended in former 

 Calendars, for the preservation of ripe Grapes from the effects 

 ot damp. If wasps are troublesome, it will be found useful to 

 have some thin bunting stretched over the spaces lett open for 

 ventilating: woollen netting, such as is useu tor wall-trees in 

 the spring, is a good material, if toe meshes are sufficiently 



uall. All long growths or Vines (whether bearing or not) 



should now be stopped, as it is too late for Vines to be much 



benefited by foliage made after this time. Contipae to stop all 



laterals as they are produced; but with late Vines still growing 



vigorously, care must be taken not to shorten them too much 

 at once. 



Peaches.— Let those trees that have shed their foliage have a 

 thorough washing with clean water, to free them from cobwebs 

 and dust, and alter this a wasl ith soap-suds, to check the 



increase of any of the Coccus tribe which may be upon the 

 yot/nt: wood, till the trees get their winter-dressing. 



Figs.— Continue to pay strict attention to the state of the at- 

 mr ere where there are still Figs ripening and swelling, 

 making slight fires in dull cold weather to as c in ripening 

 the fruit ; but little syringing end watering will from this time 

 be required. 



Melons.— Continue to pay attention to the stopping thinning, 

 &c. Ir we have fine weather very good fruit may yet be ripened ; 

 keep up a brisk heat by means of fire or linings, in order to 

 admit of jleuty of air being given.— G. F. 



V.— HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN-GARDEN. 

 Raspberries.— As soon as the fruit is gathered, clear away all 

 the old wood, and any extra shoots left at the summer thinning. 

 Tie the young shoos to stakes or rails, and it very long pinch 

 flf their points, but do not shorten them too much n as 

 from the exposure of the pith, a severe winter would be apt to 

 make the canes shorter than you would w to have them at 

 .ring pruning. Foik in a coating of manure, tor, like the 

 Vine, the Raspberry delights in nch teeding. If the above 

 course is adopted, you will be rewarded with well-ripened 

 prominent buds for next season. Vmes.— Attend to the direc- 

 tions previously given ; thin out all useless sh ots, remove 

 leaves where they are too thick, and where you do not want the 

 buds in their axils for next season; but while ex ;ng the 

 hunches to more light, be careful to leave a sufficiency of 

 leaves To shade then; from the direct influence oi the sun's 

 rays. Gooseberries rants. — A number of bushes pro- 



tected by netting might now be inclosed in mats, or any other 

 dense substance, for preserving them longer. One advantage 

 of covering some now is, that the buds will be well ripened 

 for next season. The best method I have seen for this purpose 

 u thatadopted by the late Mr. Phillip*, gardener, at Fingarth. 

 A 1 aid frame (larg Q ugh to be set over a bush] was sur- 

 rounded wth wate. of gauze, or bunting, and the top fur- 

 nished with a mo e lid of zinc or tin. Some gardeners very 

 economically preserve Currants until after Christmas, by sur- 

 rounding the bushes with the straw ropes they had used for 

 protecting their Peaches, &c. in spring. The difference in the 

 appearance of bushes properly pruned in summer, and those 

 that were neglected, is now very striking. Does any cor- 

 respondent know of a Gooseberry, as well flavoured, and a 

 week or two Jater than the old Warrington ? Keen's Seedlinr 

 l a fine fruit, but there are plenty of others fit for the table when 

 it is in condition. At present the Warrington stai ds alone. 

 ruit-room.—GeK this in good order tor the reception ot Iruit, 

 and gather not only the liner wall-fruit as it ripens, but also 

 portions of favourite Apples and Pears, so that by _w ug part 

 of them by dry sweet hay, you will be enabled to prolong their 

 season. 



Routine.— Attend to Mushroom beds in a bearing state, and 

 continue to make fresh ones. Sow Cauhflo for the ring 

 crop, Radishes tor autumn and early winter, ami a good breadth 

 of Lettuces. The latter, if sown now or a fortoij ce, in an 



open, airy space, will often ad the weather better than 

 stronger plants growing in more forttU protected situations. 



g all vacant ground. Continue planting out winter stuff. 

 Hoe, fork, and dig among advancing crops, and give an appear- 

 ance of thought and s> stan to everything under your manage- 

 ment.— li.F, 



VJI.-COTTAGERS' GARDENS. 



About this season little is required to be done beyond the 



