66g _ _ 



The markets ?-thc sowing time ? Shall we thrash out 

 our Wheat now, or lay by awhile for a better price ? 



If these questions had been or could be accurately 

 answered by Mr. Newnham's oriental astronomy, his 

 advocacy of its agricultural applicability (!) would be 

 reasonable enough. But so long as this is impossible, we 

 cannot but see an inconsistency in his setting himself up 

 as the defendant of practical men and the advocate of 

 practical measures, against a Society whose motto is 

 m Practice with Science," and in his at the same time 

 suggesting and enforcing the plausibility of ideas which 

 are amongst the most visionary that ever were broached. 



We agree with Mr.Newnham in the fifth reason which 

 he gives for withdrawing from the Society, although we 

 think it altogether insufficient to justify that step. He 

 objects to the expensive encouragement of the pure breeds 

 of cattle and sheep which is given by the Society in their 

 Annual Shows and Premiums. However much good in 

 this respect may hitherto have been done by the patronage 

 of Societies and wealthy individuals, we think that the 

 further improvement of animals for the dairy, feeding- 

 stalls, &c, may now safely be left to individual enter- 

 prise, and that the income of the Society might now be 

 more exclusively devoted to the improvement of cultiva- 

 tion-proper, by the diffusion of sound information on the 

 subject, or perhaps by the establishment of example 

 farms in the various districts of its connection. 



In taking our leave of this pamphlet, we may safely 

 assert that Mr. Newnham by its publication has failed in 

 justifying the charge of impolicy, which he seeks to 

 bring against the English Agricultural Society. 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 



[Sept. 28, 



plant in dry, deep soil, at a moist time, using moist 

 manure, and not permitting the sets to lie exposed— 

 efven for a few minutes— to the parching effects of sun, 

 or harsh wind.— Dublin Farmer's Gazette. 



Threshing Machine.— There is now in operation at 

 Twarnhayle experimental farm, belonging to S. and R. 

 Davey, Esqrs., a threshing machine, which, from its 

 simplicity of construction, and its great power, is a vast 

 improvement on the former threshing machines, or 

 those now generally used. It performs the work of 

 three horses, and threshes 125 sheaves of W heat and 

 225 sheaves of Barley or Oats in an hour ; and this is 

 performed by a poor pony of 13 hands high. Ihe in- 

 ventor is a miner, named Michael Harris, a poor man 

 residing at Silverweli, in the parish of St. Agnes, who is 

 possessed of surprising natural genius, and therefore 

 deserves support. He carries the whole apparatus about 

 in a small cart, and contracts with the farmers of the 

 neighbourhood at per 100 sheaves. Several gentlemen 

 have seen the machine, and pronounced it to be the 

 greatest improvement yet made.— West of England 

 Conservative. 





Miscellaneous. 



Potato Failures. — In last week's paper we had the 

 pleasure to copy from a Scottish cotemporary a report, 

 amongst other matters, of the highly interesting discus- 

 sion which took place at one of the forenoon meetings of 

 the Scottish Agricultural Chemistry Association, in 

 Glasgow, on the subject of Potato failures. This meet- 

 ing had been announced for some time, some very 

 eminent agriculturists attended it, and nothing can 

 better show the exceeding difficulty of the question 

 mooted— viz., What is the caose of the Potato failures, 

 and is there a remedy for them ? — than the discrepancy 

 of opinion advanced on the occasion. The general opi- 

 nion of scientific agriculturists appears to be, that there 

 is a liability inherent in every plant which has for a 

 long period been cultivated in the same soil to become 

 deteriorated, hence the universal belief in the advantage 

 of changing the seed ; and that, in the case of the 

 Potato, the most likely means of avoiding failure would 

 be to procure a new generation of plants from seed (not 

 tubers) of a healthy crop ; but in the discussion to which 

 we are referring, Mr. Girdwood's experience gave the 

 death-blow, in limine, to this cherished opinion ; the 

 seedlings (whether raised from a healthy or tainted crop 

 is not stated, however) were found to be as liable to 

 decay as any others. Plant your Potatoes whole, and 

 in the autumn, use only such seed as have the eyes 

 plump, protect from frost, and, says Theory, you will 

 have no failures ; not so fast, says Mr. Burnet, of Gad- 

 girth, I have done all this, and still have experienced 

 failures. Mr. Alexander, of Southbar, had never wit- 

 nessed a failure in ea^ly-planted Potatoes ; how many, 

 within a few miles of Dublin, would give a great deal to 

 be able to say the same truly ; why early-planted Potatoes 

 are the most liable to failure ; and as to this gentleman's 

 other statement, that the failure of Potatoes is traceable 

 to some ill-treatment, especially by stowing them in 

 large masses, did it not occur to him that, up to 1832, 

 no failures were caused by such treatment ! Mr. Allison, 

 of Mears, stated that Potatoes taken from those which, 

 for two seasons, had not been cut, would not fail; it is, we 

 fear, mere assertion ; whole Potatoes, although not so 

 liable to failure, we believe, as cut ones, still, it is noto- 

 rious, do fail. Mr. Anderson, from the north of Ire- 

 land, as appears from his statement, has been most suc- 

 cessful in his efforts to avoid failures ; and the means he 

 adopts, viz. liming the ground, planting only in drained 

 land, pulverising the soil well, and not leaving either 

 the manure or seed exposed to the effect of the sun and 

 wind, are based on sound practical knowledge : his 

 experience, however, that Potatoes which have been pre- 

 vented from blossoming are not less liable to fail (if that 

 were his meaning), does not accord with that of some of 

 our correspondents ; nor with that of others, if it be 

 that Potatoes so divested do not yield larger crops. 

 Mr. Anderson's experience, however — if he be, as we 

 suspect he is, the excellent and practical land-agent of 

 Sir Robert Fergusson, Bart. — at least since the com- 

 mencement of the Potato failures, has been in a mountain 

 district ; where, it is well known, Potatoes are not so 

 liable to fail as in lowlands. The successful practice of 

 Mr. Reid, as mentioned hy Sir Robert Bateson, Bart., 

 of raising Potatoes intended for seed before they are 

 quite ripe, and leaving them on the ground to be dried 

 in the sun, although Professor Johnston declared that 

 he had never heard of it, is known and practised success- 

 fully by almost every gardener with his Ash-leaved 

 kidneys intended for forcing. And as to Mr. Fleming's 

 experience— that the Cup Potato does not fail — we can 

 only say, that such is not the experience of the farmers 

 of this country. This discussion was, in fact, an 

 epitome of the innumerable essays which for the last 

 twelve years have appeared on the subject of Potato 

 failures ; and which may be resolved into this, that we 

 are utterly ignorant of the cause of these failures, and 

 that our only chance of avoiding them is to use moun- 

 tain-grown — which often means unripened — seed which 



has been Dreserved from hpntino- in rmrrnw rviro to 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Chicory.— A Bepinner.-See Gardeners' Chronicle of May 11th, 

 where you will find that the land should be cultivated as for 

 Turnips, and 2 lbs. of seed per acre, sown in the end of April on 

 ridae-drills, in rows alternately 16 and 4 inches apart. The 

 plants should be sin-led out to 4 inches apart, and they may be 

 harvested in November, when an average crop will weigh from 



Dairt PnouvH'-A Constant Reader will feel greatly obliged by 

 any of our correspondents giving a rough estimate of the : num- 

 ber of cows required to produce, per annum, 29 cwt. of butter, 

 12 cwt. of cheese, 1000 gallons of milk, and 80 gallons of cream ; 

 and likewise of the quantity of land necessary to stall-feed the 

 said stock. A cow will, in ordinary circumstances, produce 

 2A cwt. of butter per annum, or 3£ cwt. of cheese. 



mVwurk TANKS.-Om^a.-If your liquid-manure has its volatile 

 parts fixed, you may economically apply it to Grass land in 

 winter ; if its ammonia be not fixed, you had better make use of 



some fixer, or wait till spring before applying it. When once 

 its ammonia is fixed, no fermentation in the materials with which 

 it may be mixed will effect its release. v 



Mossy Lani>.-T. D.— The application of lime is said to be some- 

 times successful in eradicating Moss. . 



Parish Rates.— Querist.— By the Parochial Assessments Act, 

 passed in 1836, the rate for the relief of the poor must be made 

 " upon an estimate of the net annual value of the several here- 

 ditaments rated thereunto, viz., of the rent at which the same 

 miuht reasonably be expected to let from year to year, free of 

 all usual tenants' rates and taxes, and tithe commutation rent- 

 charge, if any, and deducting therefrom the probable average 

 annual cost of the repairs, insurance, and other expenses, if 

 any, necessary to maintain them in a state to command such 

 rent." A form of Rate, containing amongst others, columns for 

 the " Gross estimated Rental" and " Annual Value, are given 

 in the Schedule to the Act. It would not be practicable to give 

 an explanation of this ill-worded section in a short space, and 

 we therefore refer you to an Instructional Letter of the Poor 

 Law Commissioners on the subject, published in their third 

 Annual Report, Appendix A, page 92, where the mode in which 

 the net annual value should be estimated, and the distinction 

 between gross and net rent are explained and exemplified. In 

 the instances of assessment given by you there must, from some 

 extraordinary circumstance, have been a great change in the 

 annual value of the property, or the valuer must, at one of the 

 two periods mentioned, have entirely lost sight of the provisions 

 of the above-mentioned Act. Saleable underwoods only are 



rateable, and not timber.— W. 



Red Clover.— A Dairy Farmer.-U is rarely economical to sow 

 Red Clover without a Corn crop. From 6 to 12 lbs. of it are 

 generally sown per acre in April along with the Barley. Two or 

 three cuttings may often be had before the ground be ploughed 

 up in autumn. You may do what you like with these cuttiogs, 

 but you can rarely get more than one made into hay. 



Steeps.— A Subscriber.— We have not forgotten. Sulphate of 

 soda has been found a useful manure for Potatoes. We shall be 



glad to know the results of your experiments. V. V. V.— 



Professor Johnston recommends as a steep for Corn and Beans, 

 phosphate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, nitrate of potash, 

 common salt, sal-ammoniac or sulphate of ammonia; a mixture 

 of 1 lb. of each in 10 gallons of water to steep 300 lbs. of seed— 

 we presume for about twenty-four hours : the seed to be taken 

 out and dried with gypsum or quicklime, and immediately 



sown. 

 Tuli/s System of Cultivation.— Omega suggests that the 



effect of a thorough cultivation, such as Tull recommended, is 



similar to that of what is termed root-pruning ; the effect of both 



j being to induce a plant to draw its nourishment from deeper 



sources; and the benefits derived from the practice of the 



former system he attributes to the plant thus living upon 



warmer food. The chief advantages of the system consist, we 



apprehend, in the plant being enabled by it to lay hold of all the 



vegetable food which does exist in the soil, in the air being 



allowed to permeate the soil, and in the destruction of weeds. 



As usual many communications have been received too late. 



%• 



Jtftarfots 



SMITHFIELD, Monday, Sept. 23.— Per stone of 8 lbs. 



Best Scots, Herefordi,&c- 3Bi0to4s 2 

 Beat Short Horns - 3 8 4 



ft ond quality Beasts - 3 3 4 



Calvei - - - - 3 4 

 Pig. - - - -34 



WOOL.-British, Friday, Sept. 2;. 



per lb. 



Lonfc-wooled Wethert la Odto U Id 

 Do. Hoggins 11 1 3-i 



Soutrdown Fleeces 10 11 



Southdown Hogjrltts 

 Kent Fleeces 



Jambs Pijh 



P«l*. 



I'ld to laid 



1 1 1 flt 

 Wool Broker. 



HAY.— Per Load of 36 Trusses. 

 Smithpikld, Sept. 26. 

 PrimeUpland HaylOOs to 110s . Clover - liss to 120s I Straw 

 Inferior „ — — | „ New 115 120 | 



ISew Hay 



Su 



I 



New Hay 



Straw 29a to Ms 



Fine Old Hay 

 New Hay 



'JO 100 



- 20* to 32s 

 ** 95 * „ JoH » Coorra, Salesman. 



Cumberland Market, Sept. 26. 



iuperior Mead. Hay JOOstollOs | Superior Clover 110s to 115s 

 nferior . 90 95 I Inferior n 90 105 



— — I New Clover — _ 



Joshua Bakbr, Hay Salesman. 



Whitechapkl, Sept. 27. 



100s to 105s j Old Clover — s 120i , 



I New Clover 105 115 Straw 28s to 34s 

 1 „ Inferior — — ■ 



COVENT GARDEN, Sept 28.— The market continues to be 

 well supplied, particularly with the various kinds of autumnal 

 fruit, but trade is not brisk. Among Pines we observed several 

 handsome specimens of the Queen and Providence, Black 

 Hamburgh Grapes are very fine, and these, as well as other 

 sorts, are sufficient for the demand. Pears # are fetching a 

 better price than they did last week. The Marie Louise and 

 Brown Beurre bring from 55. to 6s. per half-sieve, and good 

 samples of Louise Bonne and GansePs Bergamot are offered at 

 from 45. to 10s. per half-sieve. Apples have not varied since 

 our last report. Among Plums, Coe's Golden Drop and the Im- 

 peratrice are tolerably abundant. Damsons are somewhat 

 scarcer, and are also a little advanced in price. Peaches still 

 continue good, and are sufficient for the demand; but Necta- 

 rines are scarce. Filberts are also very scarce. Of Walnuts 

 there are plenty, they bring about the same prices as last week. 

 Oranges are scarce. Lemons are tolerably abundant. Vege- 

 tables are, generally speaking, good in quality. Celery is very 

 fine. Cauliflowers and Broccoli arc also good ; they have not 

 altered in price since our last report. Some Brussels Sprouts 

 have just made their appearance. Cabbages, Carrots, and 

 Turnips are plentiful; and French Beans still continue to be 

 well supplied. Onions are good and plentiful; and Endive, 

 Lettuces, and other saiading are tolerably abundant. Among 

 cut Flowers we noticed Mandevilla suaveolens, Gladiolus pait- 

 tacinus, Amaryllises, Jasmines, Camellias, Heaths, Pelar- 

 goniums, Fuchsicfs, Carnations, and Roses. 



FRUITS. 



Pine Apple, perlb., 3* to 5* 

 Grapes, Hothouse, p. lb., Uto3* 



— Spanish, perlb.. Is to IsGd 

 — . Portugal, per lb., 1* to Is 6d 



Melons, each, 1* to 3s 

 Peaches, per dozen, 2$ 6d to 5s 

 Apricots, per doz , Is to 3* 

 Plums, per hall-sieve, 2s 6d to 5s 



— Imperatrice, per punnet, Is W 



— Coe's Gold. Drop, p. pun. ,1s 

 Damsons, per half-sieve, U 6d to 2m 6d 

 Apples, Dess., per bush-, 2$ 6d to 5s 



— Kitchen, 2s to 4s 

 Pears, Dess-, per hf.-sy., 2s 6d to 10s 



Firs, per doz., 3s to — s 

 Filberts, per 100 lbs., 90s to 100s 

 Walnuts, per bushel, 16s tofi8s 

 Oranges, per dozen, Is 6d to 3s 



— per 100, 10s to 24s 



bitter, per 100, 8s to 20s 



Lemons, per dozen, Is to 2s 



— per 100, 6s to 14s 

 Almonds, per peck, 6s 

 Sweet Almonds, perlb., 2s 6d 

 Cob Nuts, per 100 lbs., 80s to 90s 

 Nuts, Barcelona, 22s 



— Brazil, 16s 



— Cob, 14s 



VEGETABLES. 



Cabbages, per dozen, 6d to Is 3d 

 Cauliflowers, per doz., 2s to 6s 

 Broccoli, per bundle, 6d to Is 

 Sorrel, per hf.-sieve,6d to 9d 

 Artichokes, per doz., Is to 3s 

 French Beans, p.hf.-sv., 2s to 2s 6d 

 Scar. Runners, per hf.-sv., Is to \s6d 

 Potatoes, per ton, 60s to 80s 



— cwt-, 2s 6d to 4s 



— bushel, 1 s6d to 2s 6d 



— Kidney, per bsh., 2* to 4s 

 Turnips, per doz. bch., Is 6d to 4s 

 Peas, per bushel sieve, 2s 6d to 4s 

 Red Beet, per doz., 9d to Is 6d 

 Carrots, per doz. bchs., 2s to 6s 

 Basil, per bunch, 2d to 3d 



Horse Radish, per bundle, 2s to 6s 

 Savory, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Cucumbers, Frame, each, 2d to 9d 



_ Ridtfe, doz., 9d to 2s 6d 



Vegetable Marrow, per doz., 4d to Is 

 Spinach, per sieve, ls6d to 2s 

 Leeks. i>er bun., 2d to 3d 



Garlic, per lb., id to 6d 

 Onions, per bunch, 2d to 4d 



— large, per bushel, 2s to 4s 



— Spanish, per doz., 2s to bs 

 Shallots, per lb., 4d to 6d 

 Tomatoes, per half-sv., 2s 6d to 3s 6d 

 Capsicums, Ripe, per 100, 4s to 8s 



_ Green, per 100, Is to 2s 



Radishes, per doz., 6d to Is 6d 

 Lettuce, per score, 6d to Is 6d 

 Celery, White, per bunch, 9d to Is 3d 



— Red, per bunch, Is to ls3d 

 Endive, per score, Is to Is fid 

 Mushrooms, per pottle, Is 6d to 2s 6d 

 Small Salads, per punnet, 2d to 3d 

 Watercress, p. 12 »m. bun. 3d to 6d 

 Parsley, per doz. bunches, Is to 2s 

 Tarragon, Green, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Green Mint, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Marjoram, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Chervil, per punnet, 2d to 3d 

 Chilis, per 100, Is 6d to 2s 



MARK-LANE, Monday, Sept. 23. 

 The supply of Wheat from the home counties this nwroinj 



was sman.piticalarly from Essex , f ick f ^or" ZtctiZnl 

 sale at fully last week's prices, damp ™ d >"^ 

 sold slowly at late rates. Foreign was in ™" £*^ 

 and commanded our extreme Q»°tation;.-^ 

 be written Is. lower; Grinding S" allt «^ 

 Beans maintain their late value-New and all V nds of Peas are 

 It! cheaper. -The Oat-trade is heavy, and barely supports the 

 prices of last Monday, 



BRITISH, PER IMPERIAL QUARTER 



Wheat, Essex, Kent, and Suffolk . . " hite 



'Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and Yorkshire . — 



Birlev Malting and distilling 27s to 34s Chevalier 31 

 oSffiSln-hte and Yorkshire . . Poland. » 

 'Northumberland and Scotch . . jeett ^ 



Irish • • .' # . # . . 60 



Malt, pale, ship • ' ' . m 

 Hertford and Essex • ^ 



8. 

 40 



8. 



60 



80 

 21 

 01 



B0 



M 



60 

 32 

 34 



31 



Red . 

 White 

 ind. 

 Feed 

 Potato 

 Potato 



8. 



43 



U 



18 

 •0 



19 



8. 



43 



BO 



■ 



Harrow 89 

 Long pod — 



Grey il 



35 



■ 



Best Downs & Half-breda 3s 8 to 4a 



Best LonR-wool» - - 3 8 3 10 



Ewes and second quality 3 3 6 



4 I Lamb* - - - 8 8 4 4 



4 



Friday, Sept. 27. 



216 



7M 



Bn§. 

 13ti0 



2484 



Peai 

 1568 



123 



Beaitf, 3469; Sheep and Lambs, 33,010; Calves, 130; Pigs, 330. 



Our 



supply of Beef is rather shorter to-day, and of the best qualities there 

 is a lamentable deficiency, fully two thirds of the quantity being little better 

 than stores ; in consequence, we have an advance of quite 2d per 8 lbs. en the 

 first-rate Beasts; second quality are a very heavy trade, and some third 

 rate are hardly to be disposed of. The supply of Mutton keeps steady, but 

 the demand is rather increased to-day ; we have a numerous attendance of 

 buvers, at a little more money ; some of the. best Downs make rather over, 

 and some of the best Longwools rather less than 4s, per 8 lbs; Half breds are 

 a little more saleable than last week, but not much in demand. Very little 

 is doing in the Lamb-trade- Veal and Pork are very heavy. 



Friday, Sept. 27. 



We have rather too many Beasts to day for the demand, amongst which we 

 notice about 80 Dutch, in very good condition; the trade has suffered a de- 

 cline of fully 2d per 8 lbs ; the best Scots, 6tc., cannot be quoted at more than 

 4s, and the best Shoithorns 3s lOd per 8 lbs. The Mutton trade is also very 

 heavy, the dead markets having been very dull since Monday ; we cannot, 

 however, make any alteration in our quotation from Moaday'H statement, 

 3* 8d to 4s for the best Downs, and 3s 8d to 3s lOd for the best Long wool** 

 Lamb about the same. Calves are shorter, and the best quality make about 

 4s 4d. Pork-trade is very heavy at late rates. 



Beasts, 873; Sheep and Lambs, 8160; Calves, 250; Pigs, 330. 



•41. WeitSmithfield. 



The arrivals of Engli * ^-^^h^tSS Ttte 

 rate; those of Foreign are pood- ^ nglwh * n ^ ^ 



sale at Monday's prices, and .Jo^n, J* ™ > terms as on 



finds buyers for retail ^ are 



that day. Good Dantzig in bon ^o wq ^ ^ he&r of 

 inquired after for exportation to France out ^^ 



anything being done.-Barley ^ ^ C hase both Malting 



and there appears more ^P^^^Ppeas there is no altera- 

 and Grinding JuaUties.-jIn Beans and Peas t , ledto 



tion.— The Oat-trade is firm, ana neeuy uuj* 

 pay very full prices 



English 



Iriih 



Foreign 



Aug, 



Sept 



1G 

 23 

 80 



6 

 13 



£0 



per Quarter 



ARRIVALS THIS WEEK 

 Wheat 1 Barley 

 3310 207° 



6320 1 8710 



IMPERIAL AVERAGES 



Wheat. , Barley. 

 49* U 



Oats 

 1170 



1990 



Flour 

 3*30 Sk« 



HOPS, Fridav, Sept. 27. 



The Hop Market continuei very active for both new and old Hops; the 

 duty is stationary at 130,000/. The supply of tine colonred samples is very 

 short, and they are eagerly sought after athigh prices. Our present currency 



6 weeks' Aggreg. Aver. 

 Duties on Foreign Grain 



|s as follows — 



Mid & East Kent Pocks. 8/0s to 9/ Os I Sussex Pocketa 

 Choice ditto - - — 10 10 I Choice ditto v- 



Weald of Kent Pocks. 7 7 10 I Farnham - 

 Choice ditto • » — ^8 8 l 



PAiTKTDzn & Smith 



. 61 10s to 7/ Os 



— 7 10 

 -90 10 10 



Canary - - *'£ 

 Carrawar - P« r CWI 



Clover, Red, English 

 _ — Foreign 



__ White, English - 

 «_ Foreign 



Coriander - - " 



Hempseed - P«r last 



LinsSed , - - P" If 

 __ Baltic - - lonn 



SEEDS, Sept. 23. 



5* to**, ^n-edCak^.Forelgn^ton Itfto^ 



44 



62 



11 



36 



40 



10/ 11/ 1 



Mustard, White - P- bush. 10. 

 _ Superfine „ - « 



Rapped, English.perlast 23/ 

 SJTcakes - per ton - - 



T^Eng.wl-^^bush. 6 • 

 _. Foreign » * * " „ 



t »- Bj»osjoju» a»b lax. 



16 



16 

 26/ 



