688 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[Oct. 12, 



ost in putting the house and trees in order. Let the lis* 

 rafters, trellis, and walls be wi washed, and when dry Rive them 

 a thin coat of paint or colon, ing. Dress the tfff ith a mix- 

 ture of soft soap and sulphur in hot water: let this be well 

 rubbed in with a sponge. See also to the flues or pipes being 

 in good working order. 



Melons.— The best way to obtain Melons of good quality at 

 this season is t > prow them in a late vinery, tn ng them up 

 a trellis under the Vines. We have the Cabul treated in this 

 way, now ripening fruit of as good flavour as at any time of the 

 year; as also the Honsainee has done in former years. — <?. F. 

 V.— HARDY FRUIT AND KI I JHEN-GARDEN. 



Gathering and Preserving Fruit.— It is better to gather the 

 later Apples and Pears, though not quite ripe enough, than to 

 expose them to much frost, which, though it may render them 

 sooner fit for the table, will preveut them keeping so long, and 

 injure their flavour. All kinds may be gathered as soon as the 

 stalks separate easily from the branches, but as some kinds 

 adhere very firmly, the best criterion of fitness for gathering is 

 to slice a fruit up the middle, and see if its seeds are approach- 

 ing maturity. Care should be taken to keep all late fruit from 

 light and from air, if it is desirable to keep them long. This 

 should be particularly attended to in the case of those fruits 

 gathered before sufficiently matured, or otherwise they will be 

 disfigured by shrivelling, &c. The season of any favourite 

 Apple or Pear may be prolonged by gathering at different times, 

 and by subjecting the first gathering to a higher temperature, 

 so as to promote the saccharine fermentation. Care should be 

 taken that the increased temperature is not attended with too 

 arid an atmosphere, or the juices of the fruit will be unneces- 

 sarily exhausted. Procure a quantity of clean sand, to be tho- 

 roughly dried, for packing the best fruit in pots and jars after- 

 wards. Charcoal-dust may be used for the same purpose, 

 after wrapping each fruit in tissue paper. I once knew of a 

 quantity of Apples, and Carrots, &c, being rotted by packing* in 

 dry sawdust— the moisture escaping from the fruit, Scc. t causing 

 the sawdust to heat violently. The fruit cannot be better dealt 

 with at present than by placing them thinly on open shelves. 

 Look after Filberts and Walnuts, and see that they neither be- 

 come too moist, nor get too much dried, as in either case the 

 kernel will be injured. Few things require more attention 

 than fruit-rooms, as generally they have to be made the 

 general storehouse for everything, such as nets, cloths, seeds, 

 &c. It is to be hoped that the able observations of Mr. For* 

 syth will be promotive of a beneficial change. 



Celery.— Proceed with earthin^-up every favourable opportu- 

 nity. Much Rood Celery is spoiled at an early season from want 

 of proper attention. To secure very large fine heads of Celery 



for the first shootiog parties in September, I generally eaith-upat 



once (after og previously tied Up), from a fortnight to three 

 weeks before it is wanted for die. If s&ch Celery is earthed-up 

 gradually, many i t the best heads will run to seed; if allowed 

 to stand long atter receiving one fiaal earthing -up» the centre 

 of the plant will rot. F< r succession cr< . where there is li- tic 

 danger of the plants running to seed-stalk, soak the beds first 

 with water, and then earth up gradually, giving a little at a 

 time, so as not to cover the centre of the plaut. Moderate-sized 

 heads answer best for genera >ses, but gardeners, at times, 



must humour visitors by giving them something to look at. 

 Where worms arc very plenti , strew the ground with ashes 

 before earthing- up; or, if you can, pat a little around each 

 stalk as you proceed. Quit one mu^t not be used for this pur- 

 pose, as, if it lodges in the heart of the plant, it will disfigure it 

 as much as the worms would do. Routine.— See former Calen- 

 dars.— R.F. 



VI.— ARBORICULTURE. 

 Old Woods.— Attend to the directions given in late Calendars. 

 C( ice. — The above remark will equally apply to this depait- 

 ment for the present ; it is too early to commence planting. 



Young Plantations.— The clearing of ground, taking up dead 

 trees where it is intended to plant fresh ones, Inclosing 

 ground fur new ones, trenching and holing, should now be for- 

 warded with all pi ible d arafc ry to planting. 



Hedg -rows.— Take up dead trees, make holes for fresh 

 ones, and consider what kinds to plant, so as to be the least 

 detrimental to arable and ; ture Land; b tt the same time 

 select the kinds that will be most valuable as well as orna- 

 mental; planting should not be performed without due con 

 sideratio.i. 



Nun Work.— As soon as the leaves begin to fall off" de- 

 ciduous trees, they may be taken up and laid in by the heels 

 in well pulverised sofl, until they can be replanted where they 

 are intended to e id,— W. B. 



VII.— COTTAGERS' GARDENS. 

 The taking up and storing away the various winter crops I 

 now the principal thing to be attended -to. When that is ac- 

 complished let the cleared grounds be ridged, or roughly dug, 

 in order to expose as large a surface as possible to the mellow- 

 ing Influence of the winter frosts. All weeds and vegetable 

 refuse should be cleared away to the manure heap. By this 

 means the ground is rendered much neater, weed re thus 

 prevented from seeding, and consequently much labour is saved 

 next year. Advantage should also be taken of fine days, of 

 which many can scarcely be expected alter this time, to clean 

 every corner of the garden again>t winter. Let the flower 

 border he stirred up and neatly raked over ; remove decaying 

 blooms from Dahlias. If fruit is not already all got in, look 

 sharply after it ; little will be gained after this time, but much 

 lost, by allowing ir to remain longer upon the trees. The best 

 season for pla. rag fruit trees is as soon as their leaves have 

 fallen, provided the soil is sufficiently moistened to admit of 

 the trees being taken up. By autumn planting, trees, &c., get 

 pretty well established in their new situation before winter j 

 they are thus better able to stand the cold easterly Inda in 

 spring, and arc ready to com ice growing upon the ft] 

 approach of fine weather.— J. MIL 



State of the Weather near Lon In for the week encUnp Oct. 10, 18JI, ai 



observed at the Horticultural Gardeo, Chit wick. 



Oct. 





M.ion'i 

 Aee. 



Barom* 



■^^ ^h» ^ » 



Max. 



29.959 



-M in. 



Frid. 



4 





29.871 



Sat. 



5 



4** 



2* 



29 802 



29.686 



Sun. 



6 



2) 



£9.986 



iD.BS 



Mon. 



7 



24 j 



29.997 



29.87 



Tuei. 



8 



25 



I 2 W 



29.568 



Wed. 



9 



26 



1 89*291 



£ 5 



Thar*. 



10 



27 



29.440 



29. i y 1 



Average 





UM774 



89.5:2 



i HKKNOMHTJLK. 







Max. 

 69 

 67 

 63 



01 



6.J 

 G3 





I'm. 



AJ ean. 



40 



575 



N 



630 



40 



51.5 



29 



45.5 



41 



61.0 



53 



£8.0 



35 



49 



Wind- Rain. 



fM.n 40 4 



• 



H.W. 



vv. 



N.W. 



s. 



sj:. 



s.w. 



.22 



.01 



.07 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Asphai/tk Covering.— S.— This was found to exclude com. 

 pletely the rain from a Vine border; and, with a little straw 

 under it, there is no danger to be apprehended from frost. In 

 excluding cold rain and melting snow, borders must not, 

 however, be allowed to get too dry. As affording protection 

 from wet, Asphalte is preferable to a double mat for covering 

 plants ; but it requires to be fixed on framo-work.y 



Books.— O. W. tf.— Mr. Hoare's work does not treat of Vines 

 under gla s. Take that by Mr. Roberts. Gleudinning on 

 the Pine-apple w 11 suit you best. 



Cmanthus pl'mcki s.— The Cid.— If your plant is attacked by 

 greenfly, fumigating with Tobacco will certainly destroy 

 them j but in such a season as this has been, it is more likely 

 to be red-spider (which causes the leaves to drop off;, on 

 which Tobacco smoke has no effect. It is a plant which will 

 not bear much cutting in autumn, especially in cold weather, 

 therefore you had better defer cutting it down until spring. \ 



Ciirysan'thk.mlms.— The Cid.— Cut down any plants of these 

 that are too small to flower this season, and keep them in a 

 cold frame until spring. Much better plants will be obtained 

 from spring cuttings than by dividing the roots. See p. 876, 



vol. 1843. § 



Forbstino.— J. 3/. F.— Never give manure to Fir-trees, or 

 indeed any kind of Coniferous plants. The non-resinous 

 trees will bear it, and Oaks or Spanish Chesnuts will do the 

 better for small quantities; but the best preparation for all 

 forest-trees is a thorough loosening and pulverisation of the 

 soil; to which may be added the ashes of all refuse, such as 

 weeds, burnt upon the ground. A little super-phosphate of 

 lime, sprinkled over the roots when planted, has been found 

 to quicken the formation of new fibres. 



Fruit-trees-— Farmer.— You may apply the strongest liquid 

 manure from the farmyard, or elsewhere, with great advan- 

 tage to Pear and Apple-trees if you mil it with plenty of 



water. U 

 Guano.— M. W. A'.— The rod, imperial measure, of 30$ square 

 yards is that understood, and for which 4 or 5 !bs. was recom- 

 mended. Well diluted, it may be applied either before the 

 ground is cropped, or when the plants are a little above 



ground. \ 

 11 KKTiXQ— Albert. -Certainly. You will have ample top-heat with 

 such pipes. Do not even run your flue inside your house. It 

 is to be feared that your bottom- heat may be insufficient, and 

 you had better let the pipes employed for that purpose double 

 back, so as to increase the heating surface. You must have 

 moisture, and you may make shift with lead or zinc troughs, i 

 but both thoso metals are objectionable, because of their 

 softness, especially when heated. Your boiler will do very 



well. 

 Hvacintfis.— L.— Hyacinths which have been grown in pots in 



the usual way, may be removed into glasses when the flowers 

 begin to show colour. The bulbs should then be gently 

 shaken from the soil, the roots washed in lulce-warm water, 

 and placed In the glasses, which should be filled with water 

 of the same temperature.^: 

 In'skcts. — We must beg our correspondents to send us speci- 

 mens with their queries, and living ones of larvse if possible, 

 in order that we may rear them to study their economy, It 

 is impossible to tell the owner of the Beurri Diel Pear tree 



what his larva; are without seeing specimens. R. Silex.— 



The best means of getting rid of house crickets is to take some 

 bread, sweeten it with sugar, and add to it some oxide of 

 arsenic, then place portions of it wherever the crickets con- 

 gregate; but as it will poison any animal it must be carefully 



used.R. J. D. — Your live caterpillar arrived safe. It is 



the larva of the Death's-head Hawk-moth, Acherontia Atro- 

 pos, whose hif ry with figures you will see in Curtis's Brit. 



Ent., fol. and pi, 147-21- F- H. S.— Cynips lenticularis, or 



an allied species, causes the Oak-spangles, and you will find 

 an account of them in the 3d vol. of the Gardeners 9 Chronicle, 



p. 52. R. R. \l\— We beg you will transmit Mr. Curtis 



specimens of the flies in a quill. The fever could not produce 

 them ; and if you burn sulphur matches, or brown paper pre- 

 viously washed with sulphur, upon a piece of old wire sieve, 

 laid over a flower-pot, it will suffocate the flies ; but the doors 

 and windows must be made as air-tight as possible, and if 

 the pot be placed in a large dish or tin, no danger need be 

 apprehended. All picture-lrames, Sec. must be removed to 

 avoid being tarnished. As Hayes is not within the limits of 

 the two-penny post, it is necessary that communications 

 should be sent to Mr. Curtis before Wednesday, where an im 

 mediate answer is desirable. R. P. R.— Your Datura is in- 

 fested with Aphides : the application of Tobacco smoke will 



extirpate them./*. C. McGregor.— Y cur quill contained no 



beetle nor anything that we could find, excepting a minute 

 portion of dried vegetable. If you will oblige us with suffi- 

 cient materials we will with pleasure investigate the subject.iZ. 



J. C. M.—l should like much to receive living specimens 



of your Palmer-worm, as it is very desirable to breed all the 

 noxious insects. The maggots attacking your Cabbages you 

 will find figured and described in the 4th vol. of the Royal 



Agricultural Journal, p. 128, and pi. H. fols. 32 and 33.R. 



Anon 9 s female Ichneumon is named Pimpla instigator, vide 

 Curtis's Brit. Ent.,fol.and pi. 214. It is useful in keeping under 

 the larger hairy caterpillars in gardens, by c.cpositing its eggs 



in their bodies. R. Bufo.—XVe will consider your plaintive 



notes, and endeavour to sing in praise of your ill used race. 

 Melons.— In a frame only 3$ feet wide, with three plants under 



each light, ycu could not have had much fruit. || 

 Morphology.— A Constant Reader.— Tour plant is no illustra- 

 tion of this subject, but a specimen of common purslain, 

 the seed of which has been mixed with Port.Thellusomi, &c. 

 Namks of Fruits. — Some of our correspondents are unreason- 

 able. We are willing to name doubtful specimens of fruit, to 

 a moderate extent; but wc cannot sit down to give the 

 names of scores of things which everybody ought to know. 



A. C— Has just sent a box of 3a kinds to be named, and 



we must put a stop to such merciless demands upon 



our time. Veritas.— 1, 2, Brown Bern-re; 3, 7, Old 



Colmar; 4, Buchanan's Spring Benrrc; 5, Spanish Bon 

 Chretien; 6, Beuire de Capiaumont; 8, 12, Marie Louise; 

 9, 10, Flemish Beauty ; 11, Glout Morceau. [| 

 Names of Plants.— T. C.-Stanhopea Lindleyi, a variety of 

 ~ J : B.— Both varieties of S. gravcolens. G. 





.: 



Oct. 



4 Clear ; very fine and dxy ; slightly clouded and fine. 



— 5 Very fine till 7 p m-, when rain commenced. 



— 6 Lightly but uniformly overcast; rand fine; slightly overcast 



at night. 



— 7 Fine; very fine; clear at night; frosty. 



— 8 F y; very fine throughout ; clear. 



— 9 Lightly overcait ; clou-iy; uniformly overcast at night. 



— 10 Overcast with dusky cloud. ; ihowerg ; cloudy and miid ; very tine, 



clear at n.ght. ' J 



Mean tempera tnre of t he week § de*. below the average. 



State of the Weather at Chitwick during the laiTTsyearf, for the ensuing 



Week ending Oct. ID, 1844. 



S. oculata. 



J. Dale. — Oucidiura concolor. 



IV. K. P.— l, Rhipsalis 



;oct. 



I Aver. 

 Highest 



Temp. 



1 A 

 Aver. 



Lowest 



! Temp. 



Mean 



Temp 



51.4 



Sun. 13 



60.6 



42.2 



Mon. 14 



69.7 



41.* 



50.5 



Tues. IS 



58.3 



40-9 



59.6 



Wed. 16 



5B.2 



42. 6 



50 A 



Thur.17 



582 



42.8 



50.5 



Fri. 18 



68.5 



43.1 



508 



Sat. 19 



59.2 



.37.8 j 



• 



485 



Vo. ff 

 Years in 



which it 



d. 



8 



7 

 6 



8 



4 

 9 

 6 



Greatest 



quantity 

 of Rain. 



Pr TYin 



juncea, with the different kinds of Thunbergias. 



best soil for pottin? Hyacinths in is good sandy loam 



and luaf.mould in about equal portions. % A Sub. 



scribtr.— Tne time when the following plants flower if 

 trea'ed in the ordinary way, and not forced or excited by any 

 artificial means, is as follows :— Jasmiuum rcvolutum, June 

 and July: it lasts in bloom about a month; Rhododendron cau- 

 casicum album, August, 2 weeks; R.c, arboreum. April, do. • 

 R. chamaecistus, April, do. ; R. Nobleanum, April, do. ; and R. 

 pulcherrimum, April, do.; Rhodora canadensis, May, do." 

 Sternbergia lutea, October, l month; Berberis empetrifolia' 

 May, 2 weeks; B. (nervosa) glumacea, March, 3 weeks; b! 

 Aquifolium, March and April, do.; B. dealbata, May, do.- 

 Andromeda Catesbsei, June and July, I month; Camellia! 

 single and double (open air), April, 3 weeks ; Thea viridis. 

 August, 1 month; Althsea frutex, September, 3 weeks' 

 Daphne mezereum autumnalis, October, I month; D.neapo- 

 litana (various), June, do.; and Fiitillaria pracox, March, 

 2 weeks. The duration of blooming depends greatly on what 

 kind of weather there is at the time; if moist they will last 

 much longer and later, but if dry or cold much shorter. J 



Potatoes.— A, — Chapman's Potato, planted early in spring, is 

 a good Kidney for a supply between the earliest varieties and 

 the American Natives. 3 



Primula, sinensis. — The Cid. — It is very probable that your 

 plant has been attacked by some insect. It will succeed best 

 in a cold pit in summer, where it can be shaded and sheltered 

 from heavy rains. Young plants will be apt to damp off in a 

 cold frame in winter. § 



WALXUTS.—Nufworih.—To preserve these effectually, requires 

 some care. They should be allowed to hang upon the tree 

 until the outer covering begins to crack ; in this state, when 

 the tree is beaten, many of the Walnuts as they fall will roll 

 out of the husk. These should be gathered into a basket se- 

 parate from those that retain their covering; the latter should 

 be laid aside for a few days until the husks burst, and they 

 can be taken out with care. The great object is to prevent them 

 from becoming mouldy ; they should, therefore, be wiped 

 clean and dry, and laid on a shelf in a dry place where they 

 can have a free current of air until all tendency to mouidi- 

 ness is overcome. Great care must, however, be taken that 

 they are not over-dryed, for that will cause shrivelling. When 

 sufficiently dry, they should be put into boxes in layers alter- 

 nately with bran, fine dry sand, or shreds of cloth, and kept 

 for use in a cool dry situation. Ey this means they will 

 retain their moisture and flavour, and the film will with case 



peel off. i 

 Miscellaneous.— flf.— The fruit of Pyrus japonicais unfit to 

 cat, because of its austerity, but not for any other reason. It 

 is, in fact, a sort of Quince. Z. l r . X.— The cheapest prepara- 

 tion of copper which you can obtain is the sulphate. If used in 

 sufficient quantity it will prevent the growth of weeds, but it 

 will be an expensive remedy. Labour, constantly and skil- 

 fully applied, is by far the best and cheapest remedy for weeds. 



N. A,— Gesnera zebrina naturally dies down when it has 



done flowering, after which it should be kept dry until the 

 month of March. Cereus speciosissimus will flower in a con- 

 servatory border, providing it can be kept dry during winter. J 



Delta.— Directions for preserving Pelargoniums^ over 



winter are given in last week's Paper, p. 672 X M> JV - K -— 



No. 1 is considered a first rate flower; the best of the purples. 

 2, crimson, a good show flower; 3, rose, free bloomer, with 

 large trusses: 4, singular in colour, but not good in farm. — 

 — 0. H.— You will find much information respecting tne 

 management of Fuchsias given by Mr. Wood, in former 

 numbers of the present year. Pelargoniums like a rich light 

 soil. Respecting their winter treatment, see our Calendar of 

 Operations in today's paper 4 --0 P. fr-Mf-J^Ea** 

 opinion that the manner in winch the conservatory at Chats- 

 w-orth is glazed is a great improvement on the old n^cthodof 

 glazing.*- — A.B.-We do not understand your Question.? 

 L-S?S.-We cannot decipher such Chinese names; seeds 



are not worth cultivating.* ^^.[^T^J^Lfio^ 



grafted on a Crab or Apple-tree but it will ^ sUnd 1- ong 

 The time for introducing Strawberries .into heat %arie _s ac 

 cording to the month in which the fruit is wanted ; Ranted 

 early, they should be put under glass before Dtcenibe x. 

 Allow the crowns of your Pine-apples to lie on the ,u rfa ce 01 

 a hark bed for a few days, then pot them in a mixture or one 

 third loam and two-thirds of half-decayed leaf-mould, m 

 w ichU^y wufroot very freely, *«^W$g$£ 



as e tha?tf f£?wlll probaWjjr o w if so^e^ 

 Plant your Vines inside the house, inc long r " u - . t 



esses ssfiwrws^fc H3 



fouse™ flowers thev generally ^ fj, Y Z -If 

 U have no .p» to re on «pon* »f»£w » had bnr 

 ^uTonr so" c "o" who, 'if he lives at your port, probabiy 



The highest temperature during the abrvre period occurred on the Hth 

 1334 — therm. 71°; and the lowest on the 19th, 1843— therm. 22?. 



graiidiflorusfX; 2, Mammiliaria subcrocca: 3, Epiphyllum 

 alatum ; 4, Rhipsalis salicornoides ; 6, some Opuntia; 8, 

 Euphorbia polygona ; 9, Mammiliaria pusilla ; 5 and 7 are 



indeterminable. S C. C.-Quercus Phellos.1T 



Pkar-trkks.— Farmer.— The following varieties are most 

 likely to succeed on a high situation:— Aston Town, Knight's 

 Monarch, Althorp Crassane, Passe Colmar, Hacon's Incom- 

 parable, and Ne plus Meuris. On such a situation they will 

 succeed best trained in the dwarf form. As your ground is 

 rather heavy, it should be well trenched and manured with 

 farmyard manure, mixing it well with the soil. To plant a 

 tree properly you have only to spread its roots a little sloping, 

 and so as not to be much below the surface when covered 

 with soil, made sufficiently fine for closiug about the roots on 

 immediate watering, j 



Plants.— F, II. S.— The following are good greenhouse plant 

 viz. :— Veronica speciosa, Chorozema varium nanuro, Pimelea 

 spectabilis, Hovea pungens, Leschenaultia grandiflora, Mir- 

 belia dilatata, Statice Dickens , iropaeolum azureum, Te- 

 tranemamexicanum, Habrothamnusfa->ciculatu3, H.cyaneus, 

 Boronia crenulata, Eriostemon buxifolium, Gompholobium 

 versicolor, Tecoma jasminoides rosea, Echeveria secunda, 

 and Hardenbergia macrophylla. The following are suit- 

 able for a stove:— Achimenes picta, Achimenes longiflora 

 and Achimenes grandiflora, Clerodendron infortunatum, 



know- 

 con 

 may have. W. 



SEEDLING FEOVNEKS. 



72 9 /^Vearg^r variety U the better of your 



3 is the be.t, but the tabes and sepal, a> ess ^ 



i oar .*_0. ^r^a^^^^JSSrll^ a variety 

 it depends upon the habit of the P 1 ™ seedli of the two 

 worth cuUivating.^--G S. ™d^ ^ a varicty for 



wants novelty of colour wrwu' general 



general cultivation : it is P»e"y in form, ba ^ 



appearance too much hke ^^Jper corolla; tube 

 variety is a very stout flow er, vvani * k n . 



and sepals delicate vermilion, the laO er t pp tube> *__ 



corolla vermilion also, "^^JJOT^ flowor, singular in 

 W. J. C— Your seedling is a pretty " c "'' * *' }Vi j. E. 



form and appears to be a ^^^^g variety, and 

 -Your seedling is a very P^.^.^re is a slight tinge 

 deserves a place iQ e ™'^ 



r gsesz W5Sfe Erssg 



seedling Fochsta. you hwe »nt arc ^.J^ 1 the best 



S0 r.s that have been some « ^^ an ,, brilliaIlt m 



Pa 



beauti 



Jira^less common in colour fhan ^ ^ iargc , 



W. H.-Yoar seedling is a fine variety, ™ L n °" * A , A .~ 



nnd form a fine truss of a soft, rosy red colour ftt 



Your seedling is not equal to roan) of tne &*■" 

 present cultivated.* 



