184*.] 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



E 



DINBLRGH VETERINARY COLLEGE.— The 



COMMITTEE of the HIGHLAND and AGRICULTURAL 

 SO r !ETY of SCOTLAND, appointed to superintend the Vete- 

 rinary-College, hereby intimate that PROFESSOR DICK will 

 commence the COURSE of LECTURES on VETERINARY 



of promoting its beneficial operation, will be consi- 

 dered next week.— F. 



Of tne nui»i ««-«»« ww M ^ ( v..c oiivcp, me rig, uiiu me uog, 



including:, also, Stable Management and the Forge; and, in 

 order to the arrangement of the several departments of study 

 a t hours conrenient for the Students, the Professor will have 

 the assistance of Messrs. Barlow and Worth inotom, Veteri- 

 nary Surgeons, who, under his superintendence, will take 

 charge of the Anatomical Demonstrations, Materia Medica, and 

 pharmacy. The necessary instructions in Chemistry, in con- 

 nexion with the course, will be given by Dr. Wilsox, instead 

 of. as formerly intimated, by Dr. Fvfe, who has been appointed 

 Professor of Chemistry in King's College, Aberdeen. 



By order of the Committee, 



Charles Gordon, Secretary. 

 Highland and Agricultural Society's Hall, 

 Edinburgh, 4th October, 1844. 



Z\)t asrfraltural €*a;ett*< 



SATURDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1844. 



MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 

 Thursday, Oct. 17— Agricultural Imp. Soc ol Ireland. 



Thursday, Oct. 24— Agricultural Imp. Soc of Ireland. 



Oct. 21- 



Oct. 22 



Oct. 24 



Oct. 25 



Oct. 86- 



FARMERS' CLUBS. 

 •Wenlock, Fairford. 

 Framlingham, Kayleigh- 



Kichmondshire, Grove Ferry, Blofield and Walsham. 



benham, Stoke Feriy, Hadleigh. 

 I'loucester. 



We are not aware that the advocates of the Allot- 

 ment System have had to contend with much active 

 public opposition in the arena of argument. In en- 

 deavouring, however, to carry out their plans they 

 have occasionally encountered an adverse feeling, 

 more especially among farmers, which appears to be 

 based on a misconception of the nature of the allot- 

 ment system, and of the effects which it is calculated 

 to produce on the labouring class. Farmers have 

 been found to oppose its introduction on grounds 

 such as these:— If a labourer works for his master 

 during the usual hours of the day, and does his duty 

 towards him, he will have neither time nor strength 

 to expend in the cultivation of an allotment. To give 

 him such an allotment is to place that in his way 

 which will tempt him to deprive his employer of a 

 portion of the time and strength he is entitled to ex- 

 pect from him; besides this, it will make him inde- 

 pendent of his employer, and lie will become a saucy 

 and a bad servant. 



Whether the labourer is in a position to cultivate 

 an allotment should be considered in each indivi- 

 dual case before the allotment is granted— the labour 

 which his wife and family can give being taken into 

 account. There are classes of labourers— wag- 

 goners, for instance— who have to devote all their 

 spare time to the service of their employer ; but if a 

 man even in this position has a family capable, with 

 occasional hired assistance, of cultivating an allot- 

 ment, we see no objection to his possessing one. The 

 general class, however, of dav -labourers working 12 

 nours per day are able, where they have families to 

 assist them, to cultivate an allotment of land, with- 

 out any neglect of their duty to their employer. In 

 Fool of this, we refer to the evidence which we have 

 "ready adduced. And will the possession of an 

 allotment make the labourer independent of his em- 



Rp 0> i er 'k S ° astobecome a saucy and bad servant? 

 Aeaa the evidence contained in our two previous 



irlrL -. In , the first case quoted, 30 families 

 were provided with 29 acres of allotment land— 

 farw an acre to a family. What is the result? 

 all h tenants and their f amilies have been rendered 



HrehT f d res P ectable '> ihc !f have been kept en- 

 nuwfls' P ar **& relief, and become the fan f S 

 casi n?? u and nfastrious labourers:' Look at the 

 six , ? g Newn ton, Wilts. The rates paid in 

 908/p i' from 0ctober > Iy -°> amounted to 

 1823 if le . those for six months, from October, 

 anion » ? r tne intr oduction of the allotment system, 



reclaim] r° 0nl . y 4L Us ' 6cL " Tbe Iabourers were 

 Tfllnou. m *^le and bad habits, and became most 



* arable servants." 



more 6 ] b ° Urer P ossesse(1 of an allotment would be 



many 11 }- i pendent tnan at P resent » Jt is true > anc * of 

 confer° V. . Denen * ts which the allotment system can 

 ceas ,tb ! s "dependence is the source. The man 

 of Wor ! 0i f lvefr °m hand to mouth. If thrown out 

 brink of E . sbort time , he is not reduced to the 



U-e J starvation, nor driven fn the mrish for re- 



tb at thp TY uer ln a moral or a physical point of view, 

 still den , er should possess ; but if the labourer 

 not hp J 1 ! wa S es for his main support, he can- 



classand l,d - ent . 0f his em P lo y er - Indeed, every 

 ^iprocall eV i Cry i ntl i v idnal in the community are re- 

 deem a y de P ende nt; and this is a wise and bene- 

 ™* arrangement. 



that tL n LiT / f afely believe > antl act upon the belief, 

 is beneLi, * m6nt System > where Properly regulated, 

 ^t methn i c m i sters as wel1 as labourers. The 



oa ot effecting its general introduction, and, 



In the course of our remarks on the Plough, we 

 do not at present intend to enter into any detailed 



statement of theconsiderationswhichshould determine 

 the meritsof its various forms; this branch of the sub- 

 ject will be more suitably taken up hereafter in another 

 section of our Paper ; our present object is merely to 

 impart a general idea of the character of the imple- 

 ment as now used in various parts of the kingdom. 



It would serve no useful purpose to enter here into 

 any antiquarian detail. The form of the plough in 

 ancient times, much resembling that In the less 

 civilised parts of the world at the present time, is 

 described with sufficient minuteness by Mr. Ran- 

 some in his excellent work on Agricultural Mechanics, 



to which we have already alluded. We are indebted 

 to the kindness of that gentleman for the following 

 figures from his volume, which, without further 

 remark, are sufficiently indicative of the inefficient 

 form of the implement with which the unskilful 

 agriculturist was then satisfied. 



Romav Plough. 



t Chinese Plough. 



The following figure of a plough, taken from a 

 Saxon Calendar, exhibits an improved construction. 

 The mould-board, coulter, and wheels are much the 

 same as those which are still used in many districts. 



Saxov Plough. 



Ploughs may now be divided into those with fixed 

 mould-boards, and turn wrest ploughs; and into those 

 with wheels, and swing-ploughs. By much the 

 greater part of our arable land is still cultivated with 



implements having fixed mould-boards. Turn wrest 

 ploughs, by which, as a slight consideration of their 

 construction will show, the furrow-slices are all 

 thrown one way, are not suited for naturally 

 wet and undrained lauds. Such lands as are not 

 thorough-drained require to be ploughed into ridges, 

 so as to insure a surface drainage. Of the fixed 

 mould-board class accordingly we have the greatest 

 variety, suited— we do not say to our various kinds 

 of arable soil, for variety in this, however great, 

 would not justify the extreme variety which exists 

 in the form of the plough— but suited to the custom 

 and perhaps the prejudices of the several districts of 

 the country. 



The following figures exhibit some of these 

 implements : — 



ScoTcn Plough. * 



Barrett and Exall's, A. 5, Two-Wheel Plough.! 



Barrett and Ex all's, D. P. One-Wheel Plough 



Barrett and Exall's Two-Whkel or Swing Plough. § 



We hope on a future occasion to be able to state ments in executing a given quantity of work on 

 the comparative draug ht of some of these imple- various soils. The following are figures of two of 



Price*/. 



* Price 3/. Ids. to 5/. 



t Price 4/. 105. 



t Price 3/. 3s. 



