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1844.] 



orodiced'from a leaf-bud. would, he 

 flowers and fruit ; bur if there is no leaf at the extremity 

 befond the flower, both it and the shoot will perish ; in 

 ♦hi case, since flowers are said to be nothing but 

 . e( j leaves, how is it that they do not elaborate the 

 and support the shoot ? He had never seen proof 

 that leaves performed the office of flowers, or the reverse. 

 In viviparous Grasses, young plants are produced, but not 

 flowers ; and therefore the flowers not being present, can- 

 not become changed in f o leaves. In the case of the Allium, 

 seed was present, there must have been flowers, but 

 bably the young plants were originated from seed, 

 which had ripened prematurely, and had fallen to the 

 sitionthe pi an ts now occupied. — Mr. Townsend denied 

 that fruit would not come to maturity without a leaf 

 betond it. He knew of a fine crop of Grapes, where the 

 ihoots had been stopped at the bunch : in this case there 

 was no leaf beyond, but the progress of the fruit was 

 satisfactory. He wished to know, however, at what 

 time the leaves of such plants as Peach-trees and the 

 autumn Crocus and Colchicum, were transformed, as in 

 these plants the flowers seem to precede the leaves. — Mr. 

 Ayres forwarded several interesting specimens in illustra- 

 tion of the subject.— M. 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



703 



1 \ 



r 



Iftebtetos. 



A Descriptive Catalogue of Selected Roses, cultivated 

 for Sale. By Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. 

 Supplement to the same for the Autumn of 1844, 

 together 22 pages. — A Descriptive Catalogue of a 

 Selection of Roses cultivated for Sale. By A. Paul 

 and Son, Nurseries, Cheshunt. 19 pages. — A De- 

 scriptive Catalogue of Roses grown for Sale. By 

 H. Lane and Son, Great Berkhampstead. 16 pages. 



These Catalogues are indispensable to the Rose-grower, 

 and contain among them all the information people in 

 general can want, except habit or manner of growth, 

 which is only mentioned occasionally. Mr. Rivers 

 divides bis Roses into summer and autumnal kinds, and 

 then subdivides each of these heads according to their 

 real or supposed races. Mr. Paul's classification is by 

 races only, but he separates the Climbing Roses from 

 the others. Mr. Lane carries the classification by seasons 

 further than Mr. Rivers, for he has Roses blooming — 

 1, in May, June, and July; 2, in June, July, and 

 August; and 3, from June till November ; and each of 

 them he subdivides according to their races. 



We will not repeat here our criticisms upon the spell- 

 ing of the names in these Catalogues, but content ourselves 

 with recommending growers to adopt the nomenclature 

 in Mr. Rivers's list, which, although not perfect (for 

 example, p. 4, Schornbrun for Schonbrunn, or Schoen- 

 brunn), is much the best. 



We extract Mr. Rivers's account of the Cloth of 

 Gold, which has not yet come out in its beauty, except 

 it the Bath Dahlia Show in September, where it was 

 much admired ; and the Prairie Roses, a new race of 

 climbers, bred from R. rubifolia, an American trailing 

 Briar, well suited for crossing, in order to obtain late- 

 flowering kinds. 



" Cloth of Gold, owing to an accident to the plant left 



for blooming, has not flowered here this season : I saw 



it, however, in the commencement of last June, at 



Angers, in great perfection : a strong plant against a 



wall had produced from four to five dozen of its splendid 



flowers ; it had made vigorous shoots the preceding 



season, and every bud had produced its spike of flowers, 



the extreme outer petals of which were of a creamy 



•ulphur, the inner a bright and beautiful yellow ; its 



flowers were nearly or quite as large as our common 



Cabbage Rose. This variety will require a south wall in 



this country, and, like Noisette Lamarque, it must be 



established one year so as to produce some vigorous 



shoots ; these the following season will give flowers from 



nearly every bud : these shoots must not, however, he 



shortened to any extent ; four or six inches taken from 



the end of each will be quite sufficient. If it grows with 



"tra vigour, so as to make shoots from twelve to four- 



j feet . ia length, they must, be trained in a serpentine 

 or m or j a any ot k er m0( j ef 80 a8 to avoid the necessity 



oi SDorUoing them. Like Lamarque, it will form a fine 



nnH? bm Hke that lt must either be removeJ t0 a 

 °r h wall, as recommended for Standard Tea Roses in 



Jjter, or have its stem wound round with hay-bands, 

 *na its head protected with a prepared calico or other 



P- Having introduced this Rose, I feel it my duty to 



u d ' recti p n s for its culture." 

 Prairie Roses. — This is a new group of Climbing 



oses, which promises to be of much interest. Mr. 

 ^amuel Fe as t, of Baltimore, U. S., has had the pleasure 



raising the above-named varieties, from the seed of 



m T g h Michi S an Rose » Rosa rubifolia ; they are all of 

 * robust and vigorous habits, making shoots in one 



«*son more than twelve feet in length. No. 3 is the 

 « perfect and beautiful of the whole, giving clusters of 



the * ers containing from twelve to twenty each ; at first 



bri t*A fineI - y cu PP ed ; in a day or two they become im- 

 ca \ed, like those of the Duke of Devonshire. It seems 



tbe es . lst tDe hottest sunshine, and the flowers remain on 



Ros • •' f ° r a lon 8 er P er >o d than usual with any other 

 b ri _f. : . ln wet weather, however, they are not at all 



the ? COlOUr, aS Was tbe case witb some that bloomed 

 Prai • Summer ' tnis ha s been named also Beauty of the 

 No ?' i J y name »s that given to it by Mr. Feast, 

 owin ♦ y occasiona Ny gives autumnal flowers. No. 1, 

 scare !k m ° 8t ° f the iDC P° rted P^nts dying, is more 

 Perron u , the other vari eties. All these Roses are 

 Stand d*' ; thCy wiUform fine Pillars and Pendulous 



NOTICES of NEW PLANTS WHICH rihR ' 



USEFUL OR ORNAMENTAL. 



Epacris Altumnalis. Autumual Epacris. (Greenhouse 

 Shrub.) Epacridaceae. Pentandria Mouogynia.— TWa plaut 

 is inferior in interest to few of the charming species and varie- 

 ties of Epncns with which we are acquainted. Its habit is that 

 of a vigorous-growing shrub, combining with strength of stem 

 all the elegance peculiar to the tribe, and producing richly- 

 coloured flowers about an inch long. 1 .ke must of its kin- 

 dred, it commences blooming towards the end of October or 

 beginning of November, and continues to flower through the 

 winter till April. This feature, which is not the least interest- 

 ing or useful, has suggested the specific name. It flowered in 

 the Nursery of Mr. Low, of Clapton, in November last. Mr. 

 Low obtained it from Mr. Cunningham, of Edinburgh. It is 

 evidently of hybrid extraction. Although we are unable to 

 state the exact source of the plant, yet we have seen others so 

 similar in character at the Nursery of Messrs. Rollisson, Toot- 

 ing, raised by Mr. Storey, of Isleworth, between E. impressa 

 and E. grand iflora, that we can have little doubt of their 

 common origin. Inthe management of this and all the stronger 

 and more rapid-growing Epacrises there is one point to which 

 we desire to direct attention. It is the common practice to 

 employ nothing but moor-soil and sand in potting, and it is to 

 this, perhaps, more than to any other individual err. .r, that the 

 lack of success is attributable. If a portion of loam and well- 

 decomposed leaves be incorporated with the heath-soil and 

 sand, much more luxuriant shoots will be formed, and the 

 quantity of flowers increased ; for the soil, being of a more 

 open and porous nature, will prevent the lodgment of stagnant 

 water around the delicate roots, which so often, by i :roying 

 these organs, perils the very existence of the plant. Flowerin 

 in the winter season, at a time when solar light is :>t its mini- 

 mum, it becomes more especially requisite to place them in an 

 open part, where other shrubs may not shade them ; if this be 

 neglected, the flowers will be inferior in richness and Intern 

 of colour. A liberal supply of water and a slight degree oi 

 shade will be needed whilst they are making their growth ; 

 and a perfect circulation of air must be maintained at all 

 times. — Paxto7i's Magazine of Botany. 



Miscellaneous. 



Fasto'ff Raspberry. — We have just received from 

 Messrs. Youell & Co. cut branches of this Raspberry loaded 

 ith fruit in its different stages of growth. The fruit 

 was not quite so large as some of the same kind which 

 was sent us in summer, but it was well-flavoured, and 

 very fine for the period of the season. 



The Blackbird. — It is grievous to think that this bird, 

 whose melodious voice gives such pleasure to the ear, 

 and lends a charm to the ramble through the grove, 

 must, for the sake of a little fruit, meet with the usual 

 persecution. Its food, in spring and early summer, con- 

 sists of the larva? of insects, with worms and snails. 

 The enormous number of slugs and snails, so injurious 

 to vegetation, which are eaten by blackbirds, should at 

 least save him, on the score of gratitude, from the gene- 

 ral destruction. Well may the poet say — 



" Scare, if ye will, his timid wing away ; 



But, oh ! let not the leaden, viewle hower, 

 Vollied from flashing tube, arrest his flight, 

 And fill his tuneful gaping bill with blood." 



It were useless to prolong this list. In the utter igno- 

 rance that prevails of the benefits conferred by these 

 beautiful creatures, with an equal ignorance of the food 

 on which they subsist, it is hardly to be wondered at 

 that many who venture into the gardens in search of 

 insects, and other animals injurious to vegetation, alike 

 fall victims to the indiscriminate slaughter vowed against 

 every bird that approaches these precincts. In the little 

 abode occupied by the writer, every encouragement i.s 

 given to their presence. A neighbour once inquired 

 how his lawn was so disfigured with worm-casts, whilst 

 that of the writer's was so free ? The answer was ready 

 — "Leave off popping at the worm-feeders from morn- 

 ing to night, and your lawn will present an equally plea- 

 sant appearance." It is an agreeable sight in early 

 morning to view the activity of the blackbird, thrush, 

 starling, and others, vigorously tugging the struggling 

 worm from his retreat, more especially if it should 

 happen that the Grass is covered with dew. It is very 

 true that some little fruit does fall to their share ; but 

 so grateful is their cheerful voice, and their interesting 

 evolutions in search of food, deeply would the exchange 

 be deplored that should deprive us of their presence for 

 the sake of a little fruit, which in the hot season is, in 

 all probability, as grateful to them as to the self-styled 

 lords of the creation. And, last of all, let us remember 

 that, as not " one sparrow is forgotten before God," it 

 may well become us all to reflect whether, in the grand 

 scheme of an All-wise Creator, these little creatures, sent 

 undoubtedly for a beneficent purpose, although our 

 imperfect knowledge may be unable to descry their 

 immediate use, were not destined by Him to partake of 

 some small portion of the abundance poured forth for 

 the benefit of man.— J. M. 



s. 



-i 



CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 



For the ensuing Week. 



I.— HOTHOUSE, CONSERVATORIES, &c. 



Thk old Bletia Tankervillise, as it was once called, is an 

 excellent plant to force in winter, and should now be removed 

 to the forcing-pit, where a brisk bottom- heat of from 80° to 90° 

 can be kept up. Euphorbia jacquiniflora is unwilling to submit 

 to much forcing at this time, but if it is checked now by bein^ 

 kept rather dry tor a month or six weeks, it will flower a month 

 earlier than its usual time. Old plants of Justieiaspeciosa and 

 Erantheraum pulchellum always flower earlier than young ones 

 —they should' be ready for the conservatory at the same time 

 with the early Chrysanthemums. The Hibiscus mauihot makt 

 a gaudy display through the autumn in the conservatory, an 

 is best from seeds treated as an annual, like the Balsaui ; piece 

 of its roots potted now and placed on a shelf in the stove wi.l 

 make plants nearly as good as seedlings, and will flower two 

 months sooner than seedlings, but older plants of it are more 

 or less unsightly. Nematanthus longipea is a curious winier- 

 flowering stove plant of the easiest culture, and well suited for 

 the drawing-room or conservators- when in flower, as is ais 

 Centradenia rosea, which is a gem in its way ; this also flowers 

 in winter and earW in the spring. Achimenes picta see* 

 fieely, and no doubt will produce crosses; it is well worth 

 having on that account, as Well as for the beauty of lU flower* 

 and the singularity of its foliage, . 



Conservatory.— In answer to an inquiry, I beg to say that I 

 have already in the Calendar stated ail I know respecting the 



i their names, treatment, &c. 



I I mag that the Mandevilla is as hardy as the Calampeh* or 



Eccrem r, if not as hardy as the common Passion- 



flower ol frost has nut affecteu its beautiful flowers in the 



t. The best way to insure the procuring of the true flower- 



K Bignonia jasminoides, is to ask a nurseryn,.:ii 10 send a 



ant that has the remains of the flowering truss on it ; as they 

 always flower iu the smallest pots, there can be no difficulty in 



:uplying plants lo thil Mate, aud they aiv very cheap. Every 

 effort should DOW be ma o to keep up the gaiety of this hou*e, 



pecially if it is attached to a sitting-room, as all g c nser- 

 vatories ought to be. The Chrysanthemums mill on be in: 

 we cannot profitably force them ; we can retard socae of the late 

 Oi by placing them under a north wail: stron? plants onljr 



lould thus be treated, and rough sticks shoul i be placed 

 against the wall over them, to support mats, wl should be 

 put over them in cold frosty nights. The best P uiumsto 



flower in October are tue Jewess, King Rufus, Mag e, Isi- 

 doriauum, and Sidonia: each of these will stand bard iurciiitf 

 without injury; after tl B the Alba multiflora comes in. 

 Pelargoniums with sweet-scented leaves are ver ^elul for 

 mixing in bouquets in winter, and some of them Id now be 



forced; every place has its rose -cented variety, but the true 

 rose- | one is very scarce — it is the best of them all ; next 



- it is Coronarium, an old o with a stiff erect habit and small 



irly leaves ; aud then, perhaps, Prince of On. v and Lady 

 Flora Hastings are the next best. A targe leaf of Fair Helen 

 di well at the back of a bouquet, but it is to nul and 



- bnthine for some people. Jasminum grandili>ruin in^kes 

 an excellent climber in the conservatory, but Is seldom to be 



iet with m h. J. stellatum, li ; olium, hirsutum, with 



lc varieties of Sambac and some others, make good forcing 



its for rooms, &C.J f<-r this purpOM their < u 



should be checked by potting, and by pit tt the 



points of the shoots when the parts are your they will 



then form bushy heads und flower more freely. 



Pto, $c— The forcing-pit lould now he in full operation to 

 keep up a stock of tl mg plants for the room * and conser- 



atory through thewmur. All hardy and halt hardy plants 



rought in tor cing should have a temperature at hist of 

 from 50° to ; to he increased up to 7$° when more ad- 

 vanced; but as many pi ^ will not bear such heat, and others 

 will not do much good without a high , there 



tould be two distinct pits or divisions at least fortius pur- 

 pose. Enlarge esta hnients many plants are forced in the 



tores and early rioery ; but to allow tl .na^ i these 



houses to be altered in any degree to II ! iced tloweis is no 

 eonomy. How- , there arc many tin *at may i iy be 



forced in this wa> . With a targe stock of Cainesc Ataleassome 

 f them may be had iu flower from Christmas till the eud of 

 May; the hr-t lot ul;i now be brought to a heal >0°, 



or even 60°, if they were well forced last April, and if tl . 

 flower-buds are prominent. The double Roman Narcissus is 

 the first of the lorced bulbs, and where they have been p ed 

 early in August they will now stand 6o° of heat, and will be in 

 flower by the end of this month. H>acinths, that have also 

 been potted betorc the middle- August, will now < ire a 

 ood heat, and bloom early, without at all injuring the bulbs; 

 whereas late potted bulbs are ruined if forced early; not but 

 that they will flower well enough, but the bulbs are of no use 

 afterwards. — D. B. 



II. -FLOWER GARDKN AND SHRUBBERIES- 



Out-dour Department. 



If there is one thing more than another which contrit " > 



the high keeping of this department of a gentleman's establish- 

 ment, it is fluel) -kept and perfectly smootn turf. So fastidious 

 am I in this particular, that the gayest flowers, let them be 

 ever so well managed, would not please me, if the turf which 

 surrounded them was in any way defective— in truth, it is 

 imp s ible to produce a harmonious whole if the turf which 

 surrounds the groups of flowers is not in every resp. ct perfect; 

 and for this reason, at this season I make it a rule to reinstate 

 every foot of bad turf that can be found in any part of the 



rounds. This is unquestionably the best season to lay turf, 



vcept under large trees, and in such situations it is better to 

 delay it until spring, or the constant dripping irom the rains of 

 winter would materially injure it. However, fine turf will not 

 please if it is not level: smoothness, according to Buike, a 

 concomitant of beauty; and therefore, for a lawn to be beauti- 

 ful, it must be level, smooth, and perfectly clean. And there is 



Bt another essential element of hijjh keeping which should be 

 attended to, where necessary, at this season; and tint is, the 

 levelling and adjusting to one regular height the edgings which 

 surround the walks and borders. These two things, combined 

 with good walks, will give a garden a highly-finished appear- 

 ance, even though there be not a flower in it; and in a ne- 



ected or ba^ly managed one, will do more to improve it than 



any other thing that I am aware of. Let, therefore, those who 



wish to Improve the appearance of ttieir grounds attend to 



these suggestions; and if they are obliged to employ a few 



extra hands to execute the work, they will have the gratifi on 



of giving employment and improviug their groui. a same 



time. 



Herbaceous borders may be now regulated, reducing the large 



plants considerably and preierring rather to leave the o >de 



than the centre ot the plants. Where the plants, nave not been 



regulated for some years it will be best to take them all up, 



manure and trench the border, and replant them properly.— 



W. P. A. 



IV.— PINERIES, VINERIES, &c. 



J' ries.— In the management of the Pine* intended for 

 fruiting next season, it should be a principal aim to keep the 

 roots in as equable a state of temperature and dryness as pos- 

 sible. Variations in either of these points are most injurious 

 during the dull months of winter, when we are deprived of so 

 much of the heat of the sun- Means should be raken to do 

 away with the necessity of watering the roots of Pines in the 

 winter season, and lor this end nothing more is necessary 

 than to cover the surface of the soil in the ] about two 

 inches thick with leaves or tan, taken out ot the body of a 

 pit where they have heated and been partially decomposed. It 

 will be found in the spring tfa the roots of plants so treated 

 have suffered les :, indeed, they have suffered at all; than 

 those which, owing to the surface being exposed to the air> 

 have required water several times in the course o; the winter. 



Vineries. — Whenever a house is cleared of its crop it should 

 be immediately put into working order again. The washing of 

 the glass, making all necessary repairs, painting, and remedy, 

 ing defects, or making alterations in the heatin apparatus, 

 should all be done as soon as possible, not only that the house 

 may look more creditable, and be in readiness for the next 

 season, but also that decay may be prevented fro n spreading. 

 All these matters should be conducted on the principle of the 

 old proverb, *' A stitch in time saves nine." 



Peach -houses.— Wherever, owing to an over-luxuriant state 

 of growth, the trees in the late houses are not ripening their 

 wood well, they should be assisted by making slight fires 

 during the day, when the weather is clear. Wueatne leaves 

 are all fallen, let the trees be pruned, washed, and trained, as 

 recommended in former Calendars. 



Strawberries.— IX is now time to think of prot« Mg Straw- 

 berries in pots and boxes from rain, and where there are many 

 pots to be kept through the winter the following is a good way 



storing them. Choosing a sheltered place, which, nowever, 

 must be open to the south, drive in a line of sta*e* of conve- 

 nient height and length, according to the number of plants to 

 be stowed awav, and in the direction of east aud west. Nail 

 some old boarding to these stakes, and then spread a layer of 

 dry a about three inches thick and 2$ feet m width, on the 



nth side of the boards. On this lay a row of pots on their 

 sides, with their bottoms towards the boards, and their nma 



