

Oct. 19,] 



THE NEWSPAPER. 



[1844. 





a^T^Norwich, 330/. —The inquest on the body of tne 

 person killed by the collision at the South Shields station 

 of the Brandling Junction Railway, concluded on 

 Wednesday night. The jury found that deceased had 

 come to his death by the collision, and levied a deodand 

 of 300/. on the locomotive which was " the moving cause 

 of his death." They also strongly expressed their 

 opinion that the business of the railway had been con- 

 ducted in a very negligent manner. It is reported that the 

 Company intend to remove the inquisition into the Court 

 of Queen's Bench, with the view of quashing it on the 

 ground of informality. Two or three other persons 

 injured by this accident are still in a precarious state, 

 and another of the sufferers has expired. — At a meeting 

 held, at Newark on Tuesday, the mayor in the chair 

 it was unanimously resolved that the proposed line 

 of railway from Newark to Sheffield, by way of 

 Southwell, Mansfield, and Chesterfield, to be called 

 "The Newark and Sheffield, or Sherwood Forest Rail- 

 way," and commencing from a junction with the pro- 

 posed London and York Railway at Newark, is calcu- 

 lated to prove highly important and beneficial to the 

 manufacturing and trading interests of that town ; and 

 a subscription was entered into for the purpose of de- 

 fraying the expenses of obtaining the levels, and taking 

 other necessary preliminary steps for forwarding the 

 objects in view, such subscription to be returned in the 



event of the railway not being carried out A. Meeting 



was held at Faversham last week, the Mayor presiding, 

 to consider the various projected lines for supplying 

 Faversham, Sittingbourne, Canterbury, Deal, Margate, 

 Ramsgate, and the coast with railway communication. 

 After hearing the statements of deputations from the 

 South Eastern Company, and from the promoters of the 

 proposed Kentish and North Kent lines, a resolution 

 was proposed, asking the meeting to pledge themselves 

 in support of the South Eastern. This was met by an 

 amendment in the negative, carried by a majority, and 

 the meeting separated after a discussion of five hours. 



that the • Federalists' and 'Simple Repealers' mig-ht agree 

 amicably upon the mode of reconstruction ; at all events the 

 discussion upon these points can be, and, I doubt not, will 

 - conducted in a fair, impartial, and amicable manner, 



IRELAND. 



Dublin. — The funeral of the late Lady Heytesbury 

 having been arranged to take place in England, the body 

 was conveyed on Friday from the Vice-Regal Lodge to 

 the Meteor steamer, by which it was conveyed to Bristol. 

 It is now said that there is no foundation for the rumour 

 that Lord Heytesbury intends to resign the Lord-Lieu- 

 tenancy, and consequently there is no truth in the state- 

 ment which mentioned Lord Ellenborough as his suc- 

 cessor.— During the latter part of last week Dublin was 

 visited by violent storms of wind and rain, which did 

 great damage to the buildings and to the shipping in the 

 harbour. It appears also to have been generally felt 

 throughout Ireland. — Mr. Hampton, the aeronaut, made 

 »n ascent on Monday afternoon from the Portobello 

 Gardens, the balloon passing over the city in a north- 

 easterly direction. When in the neghbourhood of the 

 North Strand, it was observed descending with great 

 rapidity, and, notwithstanding all Mr. Hampton's exer- 

 tions, it continued to do so until it came into collision 

 with the top of a house, and struck the chimney, which 

 was thrown down ; the balloon at the same time ex- 

 ploding, by some sparks from the flue. Mr. Hampton 

 wag thrown to the ground with great violence* and must 

 have been killed if the bystanders had not caught him in 

 their anus. The balloon, which cost 500/. a few months 

 since, was totally destroyed.— -The weekly meeting of the 

 Repeal Association took place on Monday, Mr. Somers, 

 M.P, for Sligo, in the chair. The meeting was addressed by 

 the Hon. (i. H. Hutchinson, Mr. M. O'Connell, Mr. 

 G rat tan, and other gentlemen : but the chief feature of 

 the meeting was a very long letter from Mr. O'Connell 

 on the present state and prospects of Repeal. This 

 document has caused some interest in political circles, 

 inasmuch as Mr. O'Connell, after an examination of the 

 merits of simple Repeal and Federalism, declares that 

 ne is now disposed to prefer Federalism. The following 

 are extracts from this document :— 



Dp , et , rae state the principles upon which the 'Simple Re- 



cnnri re to act ; and let me show how far the ' federalists » 



the Set" 1 - hriSe l )rinci P les - The first principle is founded on 

 twee r lnat '" n at al * hazards to preserve the connectinn be- 

 dovv " , at B "tain and Ireland, through the means of the 

 Inth- • sole exe cutive, and the golden link of the Crown. 

 pletel Pn r nciple both ' Simple Repealers ' and « Federalists ' com- 

 of th ^ D a £ ree ' The second principle results from the necessity 

 tnto Kepeal °f the Union Statute, 50 Geo. III. c. 47. That sta- 



tute 



I'i th- mUSl - be ]mt ° ut of tne wa y legally and constitutionally. 



afi-rpl P nnci l>le ' Simple Ropealers ' and • Federalists ' equally 



derail ' in fact ' beinsr Re P ea,ers of tne Union, because Fe- 



Thetl m H Can commence only atter the repeal of that statute. 



f ji ' '. P r 'nciple arises from the necessity of a reconstruction 



both L Parliament. This principle belongs in common to 



ists'h ° f Re P eal *rs— 'Simple Repealers' and 'Federal- 



ans'wp ( l ause tne mere repeal of the Union statute would not 



Union * pnr P° ses of either party. The mere repeal of the 



henefi- , at,lte w ould revive the Irish Parliament without the 



to thp • anj Rer orm schedules. It would give two members 



of Kii rU !i 1ed Abbe yof Tulsk.two members to the Round Tower 



memhp tvvo merr, bers to the sands of Bannon, and two 



never ri l ° the ch «rchyard wall of Clonmines. This would 



*oold 1 ' Federalis ts ' and ' Simple Repealers ' agree that this 



the IrishiV^ <1 °" There must therefore be a reconstruction of 



the rlZ Iouse of Commons. The fourth principle consists in 



Thus fa n 10n ° f the Irish Hous e of Lords in all its integrity. 



•Rreeri 'ii partie *' federalists' and 'Simple Repealers,' are 



derstond he , re,s one distinction which should be clearly un- 



distiiictin . aU COnfusi OD avoided on the subject-that is, a 



Parlian ♦■ etween the mode of reconstruction of the Irish 



ment S a,ul the Powers which shall be vested in that Parlia- 



anrt sernnHi reC l )nStnicted - First, reconstruct your Parliament, 



■*hen rro d(>c ' d e what powers that Parliament shall have 



House nfr ned " Upoa the mode of reconstruction of the 



mk'ht V„i' 0ln,r \ ,)n8 » tne ' Federal -sts' and 'Simple Repealers' 



havp Jl -_ ol,Kht to a *ree. It is true that the ' Federalists' 



have 



not ** Jet an 7 official organ, and therefore there is no 

 troethaTir; * r Vlews a * to that reconstruction. It is also 

 i^2~r ls ,or the < F. 



c <mstrurri/*. / il e Fe< leralists ' to surest their plan nf re- 

 wructioa of the Irish House of Commons. It is not unlikely 



be _ r f 



and in the absence of heat or violence; discus? tead 



of being shunned by the 'Simple Repealers' is anxiously 

 invited by them; they do not desire to dictate to anybody. 

 The Irish House of Commons being: legally constructed, a 

 question of great importance arises— The real question between 

 the ■ Federalists » and the - Simple Repealers.' That Question la, 

 What shall be the extent of the powers of the Irish Parliament ! 

 Both parties are agreed that these powers should be sufficiently 

 extensive to euable the Irish Parliament to protect the lin 

 liberties, and properties of the Irish people -that it should have 

 power to enact all laws to be of force in Ireland; in short, 

 that it should be an efficient Parliament for all legislative, 

 financial, and judicial purposes, within Her Majesty's realm of 

 Ireland. The 'Simple Repealers' are of opinion that th 

 reconstructed Irish Parliament should have precisely the same 

 power and authority which the former Irish Parliament had. 

 The • Federalists,' on the contrary, appear to me to require 

 more for Ireland than the 'Simple Repealers 9 do; for besides 

 the local Parliament in Ireland having full and perfect local 

 authority, the 'Federalists' require that there should be for 

 questions of Imperial concern, colonial, military, naval, and of 

 foreign alliance and policy, a congressional or federative Par- 

 liament, in which Ireland should have her fair share and pro- 

 portion of representation and power. It is right and just i 

 confess that in this respect the ' Federalists' would fftve Ireland 

 more weight and importance in Imperial concerns than she 

 could acquire by means of the plan oi the * Simple Repealers.' 

 If there were such a congressional Parliament as the * Federal- 

 ists ' propose, one-third, or thereabouts, of the members ougl 

 to be Irish ; giving to Great Britain the other two-thirds. at 

 as yet the ■ Federalists ' have not spoken out. Mr. Grey Porter 

 has promised his project, but the time within which he wai to 

 produce it has not arrived. For my own part, I will own, that 

 since I have come to contemplate the specific differences, such 

 as they are, between ' Simple Repeal ' and 4 Federalism,' 1 do at 

 present feel a preference tor the federative plan, as tending 

 more to the utility of Ireland and to the maintenance of the 

 connection with England than the mode of simple repeal. But I 

 must either deliberately propose or deliberately ado*>t from 

 some other person a plan ot federative union, before I bind 

 myself to the opinion I now entertain. The ■ Federalists ' cannot 

 but perceive that there has been upon my part a pause in the 

 agitation for the Repeal since the period of our liberation from 

 unjust imprisonment ; they must perceive that on the part of 

 the Repealers every passion has been hushetl, and all the 

 energy of complaint suppressed in the expectation of a federal 

 movement. This calm has been made in compliment to 

 the friends of Ireland who have not yet joined tne Repeal 

 standard. We anxiously await their patriotic co-operation. 

 There are two propositions perfectly clear— First, That mat- 

 ters cannot remain as they are in Ireland, but that the 

 Repeal movement must accumulate in power and force in spite 

 of every obstacle. Secondly, That the British Minister cannot 

 conduct the affairs of Ireland upon a Protestant or Orange prin- 

 ciple. Violent anti-Foperyism, or violent Protestantism, can 

 no longer be the road to emolument and promotion. The Go- 

 vernment can no longer connect itself with a sturdy or active 

 no-Popery man. On the contrary, the Government must neces- 

 sarily be driven to prefer renegade or courtly Catholics to over- 

 active and over-zealous political Protestants. In short, the 

 hypocrisy of impartiality towards all will necessarily exclude 

 all the violent amongst the remaining Orange party from Go- 

 verrynent favour. The Government, by or tor a mere Protest- 

 ant party, is at an end; there must be what may be called a 

 ' practical pretence* of liberality, which will necessarily exclude 



from patronage the over-zealous or over-active amongst the 

 late ascendancy party. Iu the mean time everything bids fair 

 for the prospects of the Repeal Association. The people of Ire- 

 land perceive that the game is nearly won, and that success, 

 though it may be postponed, cannot be prevented. The Jrish 

 people also perceive, that if all the non-Repealers do not join us, 

 many are daily acceding to our ranks; and by our combining 

 conciliation with firmness, sincere kindliness with unremitting 

 determination and activity, the Repeal must be carried, and 

 Ireland become a nation again." 



After some discussion on an investigation going on at 

 Shinrone, respecting the alleged conduct of the police as 

 Government spies, Mr. M. O'Connell concluded the busi- 

 ness of the day by exhorting Repealers not to allow the 

 Repeal rent to ebb away. He then announced the rent 

 for the week to be about 400/. 



Tipperary* — Two dreadful murders took place last 

 week in this county connected with the disputes about 

 the possession of land. The first was perpetrated on the 

 wood-ranger of Mr. Carden, of Barnane, who had been 

 engaged in serving law processes on the tenantry on the 

 Barnane estate, and had accompanied Mr. Garden in one 

 of his recent visits to the tenantry. He was shot, it 

 appears, on Tuesday, having been missing since then, 

 but nothing was known of his fate till Wednesday, when 

 he was discovered dead near the wood of Barnane. To 

 show the apprehensions of danger under which he 

 laboured, it is stated that he carried a double-barrelled 

 gun and a case of pistols : he was deprived of these arms 

 by the person or persons by whom he was murdered. 

 His head was shockingly mutilated and fractured, both 

 in front and behind. The other victim was a driver or 

 care-taker on the property of Mr. Latouche, near the 

 same locality. The poor man, it appears, was engaged 

 in prayer on his knees, in his own house, on Sunday 

 evening, and about retiring to rest, when he was shot 

 through the body and killed. The cause of this murder 

 is similar to that which instigated the other, deceased 

 having, a few days previous to his murder, seized upon 

 a defaulting tenant, whose effects were to be sold last 

 week for non-payment of rent. 



SCOTLAND. 



Glasgow.— On Friday a public dinner was given in 

 this town to Professor Liebig, as a mark of the high 

 sense which the inhabitants entertain of his eminent ser- 

 vices to science. The Earl of Eglintoun presided, sup- 

 ported by Lord Blantyre, the Lord Provost, Sir J. Camp- 

 bell, Sheriff Alison, Sir C. Ferguson of Kilkerran, Gen. 

 Sir C. M. Brisbane, Mr. Campbell of Craigie, Rev. Dr. 

 M'Leod, Dr. Greeory, Dr. James Thomson. Dr. Broom- 

 hill, &c. The croupiers were Mr. Oswald, M.P., and 

 Mr. Tennant. The health of Professor Liebig having 

 been drank with great applause, the learned gentleman 

 returned thanks at some" length, and expressed his 

 warmest gratitude for the reception he had met with. 



" My Lords and Gentlemen/' he said, " from no men would I 

 esteem such honours— so much above my deserts-more highly 

 urn from the agricnlturists of Scotland; for it is you who have , 



done most to improve the science of Ajericulture, and among 

 whom it may be seen in its most advanced state ; and m*ny are 

 now before me who have contributed largely to this progress. 

 Glasgow, also, has been distinguished, since the time of Black, 

 as a chemical school, and has contained, in my distinguished 

 friends Drs. Thomson, Graham, Gregory, and others v ti I see 

 around me, illustrious fellow -labot s in Chemistry, whose 

 friendship I have long enjoyed, and highly esteem. The bene- 

 fits which Science is capable of conferring on Agriculture can- 

 not, I believe, be too highly estimated. It is true, that in an 

 art which engages so many acute minds, great discoveries will 

 often n suit from accidental observation and experiment, wit u 

 outthe suggestion of theory— applications so important, for ex- 

 ample, as that of bones for manure, or even lime itself. But how 

 much more likely is experience to be successful when direct* n 

 sound principles ? Practical experience possesses unquet mble 

 value; but it is like a \ >el, to which, in the form o ience f 

 the compass or the pilot is wanting: it is a treasure v. h 

 cannot be inherited. Science enabk bequeath this trea- 



sure to our children, and it enables our children to increase the 

 store. Science gives us the consciousness of our strength, and 

 thus inspires us with courage and energy. Science teaches us 

 to recognise the food of plants, and the sources from whicn it 

 is derived. This knowledge al< makes us the true masters of 

 the soil— the lords of our capital. Wc can now see where we 

 are guilty n f waste, and where we are too sparing. The great 

 truth that animal manures arc nothing elM but the ashes the 

 food produced from our fie ins, consuiii* rnedin the bodies 



of men and anim Is, has given the chief direction to all modern 

 improvements fn Agriculture. Who would have thought it pos- 

 sible a few years ago that gn^-works would yield a powerful 

 manure > We now know on what cause the isufttJ r 



ils depends— it laths most precious ingn ats of the *>oil 

 which we remove in the crops, and thus impoverish our fields 

 By analysing the ashes of plants, we learn that we must a<i r 

 replace, in order to restore the on .1 fertility of the soil. 

 Africa and Peru supply us with the mineral elements of bread 

 and flesh in the shape of guano, and chemical works now pro- 

 duce the other mineral substances which are in usable to 

 Turnips and Potatoes. It Is evident to all that the present age 

 has entered upon a new path ; we have now to do with the real, 

 not with the imaginary value of the manure. As we have learned 

 how to measure the value of an acid or an alkali, so we can 



»w ascertain the true value of a manure. T »u refore is 



precisely what we n expend on the s< >rder to obtain a 



profit ; for the capital of the farmer consists of J»is labour and his 

 manure. Much certainly remains to be done. According to 

 the geological character of the soil, the farmer must < c on 

 the means to he employed for its improvement. Tne mineral food 

 oi the plants ot all countries mus' be ascertained by the analysis of 



their ashes: we must determine which substances are essential, 

 which accidental — we must i n < ivourtofindoutin which plant 

 one ingredient or another may be replaced, as lime hy ma i 



or potash by soda. Researches with these objects in view I 

 rejoice to say have been undertaken by Profess* r Graham at the 

 request of the brftish Association. This information I am glad 

 to learn is likely to be supplied for Scotland by the Agricultural 

 Chemistry Association, an institution reflecting the highest 

 honour on its projectors, and which by employing the able 

 agency of Professor Johnston in difl ng through all parts of 

 the country the requisite information, and i:i stimulating the 

 agriculturists to continued experim< s, promises to lead to 

 most valuable results. I trust you will permit me to regard this 

 expression of your feelings towards myself as a frank and 

 public acknowledgment <rf all that has recently been done by 

 chemists tor Agriculture and Physiology, and as an encourage- 

 ment to all chemists to persevere in their efforts for the perfect- 

 ing of these sciences. I thank you in the name of all those 

 whose labours in extending the boundaries of Chemistry, and in 

 diffusing scientific principles, have procured for us your appro- 

 bation. I now beg leave to propose as a toast, which I am 

 sure you will drink with all the honours, "The Lord Provost 

 and Magistrates, and prosperity to the City of Glasgow." 



The Lord Provost returned thanks, and a number of 

 other toasts were drank before the party broke up. 



Jtttscdlancous. 



Louis -Philippe at Twickenham — Our readers are 

 aware that the King of the French last week visited the 

 house at Twickenham which he formerly occupied du- 

 ring his exile as Duke of Orleans. The Sun, adverting to 

 the circumstance, makes the following apposite remarks: — 

 M How many stirring recollections — not a few of them of 

 an exquisitely painful character — must have been awa- 

 kened in Louis- Philippe's mind when he once again stood 

 before the house which many years ago he had occupied 

 during his exile from his native country ! Did joy or 

 melancholy predominate in his breast when looking, first 

 on the well-remembered dwelling, and then on the illus- 

 trious group by whom he was accompanied, the contrast 

 between his past and present condition necessarily 

 forced itself on his attention, while busy thought tra- 

 velled back through a long vista of years to the days of 

 his comparative obscurity— days which for weeks and 

 months together rose and set in gloom, and produced 

 scarcely a single auspicious event on which to han* a hope 

 for the future ? In all superior minds there is always a 

 touch of pensiveness bordering on melancholy, and 

 we can readily believe that the first sight of his old 

 house raised in the French King's breast emotions 

 rather of sadness than joy, notwithstanding the trium- 

 phant position which he now occupies as guardian of 

 the peace of Europe. He could not but have thought, 

 with a sigh, of the friends who once sate with the humble 

 exile beneath that roof— of the brothers who shared his 

 confidence, and were to him as a second self — and more 

 especially of the clever, sanguine Dumouriez, under whose 

 auspices he made his first essay in arms, and who — had 

 he succeeded in his schemes — would have raised him to 

 the throne of France. Ail these have long since passed 

 away ; the winds of many winters have sighed over their 

 aves; and Louis-Philippe now finds himself the chief 

 actor in a totally new scene — conspicuous in an age 

 which in some respects is the direct antipodes to that of 

 his youth and manhood — surrounded by new men, and 

 influencing a new generation, whose political sympathies 

 are little in accordance with those of its predecessor. It 

 is a striking proof of this great Monarch's worldly saga- 

 city that he has been able, at his advanced time of life, 

 to accommodate himself with such flexibility to the altered 

 character of the age. Lafayette, his distinguished con- 

 temporary, carried with him to the grave the republican 

 principles which he maintained in youth ; Napolecm, 

 ever after his crushing defeat at Waterloo, still held m 

 the Chambers the language of the despotic Emperor; 



