I 



1844.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



73.5 



noTto be the rase by the fact that the first four Oaks 

 irere removed in J 832 (my first attempt), at an expense 

 of SI. i the remaining 16 Oak and Elm with six soft 

 wood and large Apple trees, for '231. 2s., being about 21s. 

 per tree. The best and cheapest plan is to prepare the trees 

 during the winter, three or at least two years before 

 transplanting, by cutting off all the roots (except two or 

 three of the largest on the south-west side, to be left for 

 stays when the tree is removed) at 4 to 5 feet from the 

 bole of the tree, making a trench 2J feet wide and to 

 the depth of the roots, at that distance from the stem, 

 all round the tree. The trench is then to be filled with 

 the best obtainable mould, mixed with a little lime, and 

 covered over with moss, straw, &c. If the tree be 

 healthy, in two or three years the whole of the trench 



TREES TRANSPLANTED, MARCH, 1832. 



will be filled with fine fibrous roots, and care being taken 

 not to injure these, the tree may then be removed with 

 the almost certainty of growing if regularly soaked with 

 water, the roots defended, &c, as above described. 

 The following are the particulars of the great Risca Oak, 

 near Newport, Monmouthshire, purchased by Thomas 

 Harrison, in 1814, at 100 guineas, converted and sold 

 by him for more than 400/. :— The body or bole of the 

 tree was only 10 feet long, and measured 450 feet ; there 

 were in the limbs twelve navy pieces, one of which made 

 a rudder foV a 98-gun ship, and the whole of the sound 

 timber in the tree was 48 loads and 11 feet, of 50 feet to 

 the load. The bark was only about 4 tons.— R. W. 

 Purchas, Pilstone, near Chepstow; March, 1844. 



o 



Sort of Tree. 



1 



2, 



6 



7 



8 



JO 



Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 



Girth at 4 ft. 

 from ground. 



Increase -Height to top 



of Spray. 



60 



;o 



50 



1S32. 



inches 

 33* 



44 



47 



35$ 



1643. 



64 



62* 



4«* 



55 

 50 



ifi 



11 



12 



13 

 14 

 15 

 16 



17 



18 



19 



20 



Ditto 



Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 



Elm 



45 



30 



43J 

 33$ 



50| 

 36 



29 



21 WytchElra 



31 



46£ 

 39* 



55$ 



42* 

 36 



10 

 15* 



94 



Increase 



in 

 7 years. 



3 



6 



40 



39 



■ 





UA 



37* 



25 



34 



9 



36£ 



444 



n 



38 



43 



b 



36* 



464 



9* 



22* 



28* 



6 



26 



314 



54 



204 



29 



8* 



18* 



284 



93 



22 



— 



— 



26 



40 



14 



34 



43* 



94 



64 



35 

 32 



Oak. Good head, well rooted, handsome tree 



Ditto Rather small head and root9. The top shoots were' so ranch 



injured by frost in May, 1834, that 2 feet were cut away . 

 Ditto Large spreading head, no roots on one side. This tree grew close 



upon the side of a deep hollow lane 



Ditto Good head, well rooted, handsome tree .....'. 



N.B.— It is singular that Nos. 1 and 4 bore acorns in 1834 

 which were planted but did not vegetate. ' 



TRANSPLANTED, MARCH, 1S34. 



Ditto Kind large head, very difficult to get out; nearly all the roots 



broken off 



Ditto Middling kind head, well rooted 



Ditto Kind, large upright head, very difficult to get out ; loaded thrice \ 



nearly all the roots broken off, and scarcely any soil left on 



the ball 



Prepared 1832; middling head, good bark, very good roots, from 



1 to 2 feet long, since prepared 



Prepared 1832; middling head, good bark, very good roots, from 



1 to 2 feet long, since prepared 



Fast growing, bark white, slender head, roots small and few; 



grew in a very sheltered situation with No. 15. The bark would 



have stripped when removed 40 



Bark very rough, kind head, all the roots cut round at 2* feet 



from the stem when transplanted 35 



Rough bark, good head and roots, but a slow-growing tree . *. 50 

 Bark thin, handsome sugar-loaf head, very badly rooted . . 5.5 

 Bark middling, very kind head, well rooted on one side . . 52 

 White bark, middling head, middling rooted, fellow to No. 10 . SO 

 Rough bark, well rooted, middling head 45 



Bark good, very good roots, large, kind, roundhead ... 20 



White bark, middling roots, kind head 20 



Bark good, unkind ivy tree (grew under 7), roots cut round as 1 1 



(died the second year) 40 



Kind tree, very badly rooted, nearly in leaf when moved 25 26 40 14 25 



Kind, large head, very good roots, not forward in leaf . . 25 34 43* 94 24 



The greater part of the Oaks transplanted in 1834 were growing 



in Coppice Woods and Plantations, upon very sidelong 



ground, which made it difficult to load them, and would not 



have been transplanted if better subjects could have been 



found. 



TREES GROWING UPON BIGSWEAR ESTATE NOT TRANSPLANTED. (HEIGHTS NOT TAKEN.) 



m 



45 



44 

 34 



6 



6 



37 



42 



28 



31 



26 



24 

 24 

 38 

 43 

 25 

 28 

 15 



19 



45 



35 



38 



4 

 5 



32 



32 



8 



31 



7 



40 



2 



46 



3 



32 



7 



37 



9 



19 



4 



27 



8 



S3 

 31 



8 



7 



No. 



1 



2 



3 



4 



5 



6 



7 

 8 



9 



10 



1 



2 

 3 



4 



1 

 2 

 3 

 4 

 5 

 6 



7 



8 



9 



10 



Sort of Tree. 



Oak 



Ditto 



REMARKS 



o 



Girth at 4 feet 

 from ground. 



1832. 1843. 



Increase 



in 

 11 years. 





Ditto 

 Ditto 



Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 



Poplar 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 



Oak 



Ditto 



Ditto 



Ditto 



Ditto 



Ditto 



Ditto 



Ditto 



Ditto 



Ditto 



Good bark, small head 



Good bark, very large handsome head 



These Trees are growing in the same field from whence the first four trans- 

 planted Trees were taken. 

 This tree grew from a stake put in the hedge, large handsome head 

 Grows upon the high bank of a brook, handsome head; some roots were cut off in 



1832 



Tall, upright, fast-growing tree 



Tall, fast-growing, kind tree 



Pollard, cropped about 20 years 



Fine, handsome, large headed tree 



Remarkably handsome, large headed tree 



Transplanted about twenty years ago ; was then ten years old .... 



The first five Trees are growing in the same meadow as the transplanted trees, 

 and the others in the meadow adjoining. 



Black Italian. These Trees were transplanted in 1823, then five years old, by the 

 side of a brook in the meadow adjoining to the transplanted Trees. 



1 



\ 



These Trees arc growing in the Coppice Wood along the side of the carriage-road 

 leading from Bigswear House to Saint Briavels, and are generally healthy 

 and kind. 



MEASURE OF ELM-TREES GROWING UPON BIGSWEAR ESTATE, AT PILSTONE, NOT REMOVED. 



No. 



1 



3 



•4 

 5 



6 



Sort of Tree. 



Wytch 

 Ditto 



English 



Ditto 



Ditto 



Ditto 





REMARKS. 



In the Meadow above Bigswear Bridge. 



Near to Pilstone . 



20 yards from ditto. This tree was prepared for removal Feb., 1836 ; but circum- 

 stances prevented its being done. It did not recover its foliage for two years, 

 v and it will be seen by comparing it with No. 5 that its growth was much retarded. 



l[otn « Transactions of the Monmouth Farmers 9 Club." „_______^^_ 





Girth at 5 ft. 

 from ground. 



1835. 1843. 



70 



Increase 



in 

 8 years- 



inches inches' inches. 



60 



112$ 

 101 



10<H 



90 



74 



118 



7k 



1094 

 looi 



10s 



80* 



5* 



9 



10 



13 



H 



Large Potatoes. — There is at present to be seen in the 

 shop f |i r- j Ramsay, High-street, Forfar, five Pota- 

 toes of the Blucher red kind, weighing fully 8 lbs. (one 

 of them weighs 2 lbs. 3 oz.), all grown on one stem, in the 

 garden of A. Donald, Muir of Lownie, parish of Dun- 

 Ziehen.— Montrose, Arbroath, and Brechin Review. 



Br the 



CALENDAR Oif OIL RATIONS 



For the ensuing Week. 

 I.— HOTHOUSE, CONSERVATORIES, &C. 



sh m u end of ° ctob er stove plants, not winter grower*, 

 Qum be thoroughly ripe, and therefore require leas heat than 



they had for the last six w«eks. 60° is now high enough at 

 night, and that should be about the standard heat for the next 

 six weeks ; after that 55° will be high enough till the return of 

 fine weather early in spring. If the air in this house could be 

 kept as pure as that in the conservatory through the winter, 

 the plants would require very little ventilation when at rest, 

 but with strong fires this cannot be done, and the air must be 

 changed as often as the weather will permit. Currents of cold 

 air, however, are injurious to ?>tove plants, and it is better to 

 open all the ventilators, doors, &c. for one hour on a fine day, 

 than to give three or four hours' ventilation on a Kmall scale. 

 One of the most graceful wioter-flowering 6tove plants is 

 Acacia kermesina. It is a plant of the easiest culture, and 

 fluwers on the top of the shoots, and, like all plants with this 



nabit, it should be often stopped when young, to induce a 

 quantity of side-shoot*, as the more shoots the more flower- 

 he-ds. Grafted standard high ou Acacia affinit, its near 

 relative, it would form a splendid object in a short time. 



Conservatory. — I f on cea tyrianthina and Tacsonia pinnatisti- 

 puj* are two beautiful climbers fortius house, requiring exactly 

 the same treatment, but rather difficult to manage in modern 



ructures, as they are impatient of confinement and do not 

 like bright ran Shine. The best way to treat them is to plant 

 them in the front border, and to have the tops taken out to the 

 open air through the summer; but this style is inadm ble 

 where a conservatory forms part of an architectural assem- 

 blage; in that case they shcud be planted near the doors, or 

 source of ventilation, or again * the back wall ; in either case 

 they should be trained low and kept partially shaded, and uever 

 allowed to get to the top of the house. They are good 



.bjects for old-fashioned dark houses, where they may ramble 

 at ease. Because Chrysanthemums are thirsty plants, and apt 

 to draw in confinement while they are growing, some people 

 think they must have large doses of water and a free circula- 

 tion of air while they are in bloom. Try them, however, in a 

 close, OOoL dry house, and you will find that half the usual 

 quantity of water is enough for them ; they will keep in bloom 

 longer, and do not become drawn : the reason for this is well 

 explained in the Leading Article of last week. 



Pits and Frames. — It would occupy too much room to name a 

 third of the plants that are fit for winter forcing, so much 

 having been already said about them. I always look at the 

 report of Covent Garden Market for the cut dowers that are on 

 sale in winter, which is a food index to what is done in this 

 way round London. I am puzzled about how- they manage the 

 Bignonia venusta, so as to have it in succ ion so loi nd 1 o 

 much out of its season. Will any kind reader supply the infor- 

 mation ?— D. If. 



II.— FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Gut-dour Department. 



The business of this department is now In a great measure 

 confined to the clearing up of leaves, wnrmcaats, and other 

 extraneous matters, and making the lawns, &c, look a* tidy as 

 the season will admit of. If the bulbs arc planted — and if they 

 are not, no time ulit be lost in gett I lero into the ground — 

 those beds which are unoccupied may receive their v ~er 

 digging, or, where necessary, winter trenching, taking c*ue, if 

 the soil is strong, to ex e it as much as possible to the action 

 Of t atmoapbeie. While, however, you dig the beds, a i 

 touching the shrubbery borders; (tor though custom, which too 

 frequently makes us commit sad blunders, may say they look 

 much better after being dug, depend upon it plants do not grow 

 any faster for being annually root-pruned, and such is the 

 effect of annual d.^ging. Worms are now very troublesome, 

 dally in wet weather, when it is difficult to clear their 

 casts away; but their ranks maybe materially thinned by 

 watering the ground with freah lime-water, or with water con- 

 taining corrosive sublimate; though in the latter 1 tney are 

 merely driven out of the ground, and require to be gathered up 

 by hand, and aft* rwardffdestroyed. Corrosive sublimate i cry 

 quickly brought into a Liquid state by mixing it with bpirits o( 

 salts.— W. P. A. 



III.— FLORISTS 1 FLOWERS. 



Auriculas— If in their winter-quarters, should be protected 

 from damp, and especially from rain finding its way through the 

 glass of the frame, and dripping into their hearts. In order to 

 prevent this, the laps of the plass ought to be puttied. If pots 

 get soddened with rain, and neglected but f-.r a fc ays, the 

 destruction of the plant is almost inevitable. Polyanthuses.— 

 We have these in tull flower | it is not, however, advisa >ie to 

 permit this, or to allow the plant to weaken itself by bl ning 

 at unseasonable periods. Newly-planted offset*, when small, 

 are apt to be dragged out of the ground by the earth-worm; the 

 borders should therefore be looked over till the plants have 

 taken fresh root. Dahlias— In many parts of the country have 

 been cut off by the late frosts; where that is the case they 

 should be taken up e they will start again at the crown), 

 and after being tallied with sine h which have been num- 



bered and attached to the r with strong metallic wire, they 

 may be hung up for a few days in a dry airy shed, preparatory 

 to cutting off the stems auu storing for winter; where they 

 hare r-caped, which is the case in high situations, every pre- 

 caution should be takeo (by drawing the soil round the r otj to 

 prevent injury, in the event of a sudden change of weather. 

 Tulips.— \\ e have Uken advantage of the late fine dry weather, 

 and planted our Tulips; and, certainly, the sooner they are in 

 now the better. Reference may be made to Articles, ia late 

 Nos. of the Chronicle, on the Formation of Beds, Planting, &c. ; 

 the infonuati n there given may be safely acted on. Carna- 

 tions.— Get in your stock as quickly as jIc We r 'center 

 our protest against obtaining fresh varieties from a distance, 

 after the first week in November, unless the layers ore extremely 

 healthy and well rooted.— J. F. W. 



IV.-PINERIES, VINERIES, &c. 

 Pit, if.— Where plants are swelling their fruit the tempera- 

 ture need not now exceed 65° at ni^ht. It should not, however, 

 be allowed to fall below 6o°, and it should be raised t*> 72° by 

 fire-heat by 8 o'clock in the morning. Syringe on fine clear 

 days, and whenever a small portion of air can be given, it will 

 be advantageous to open the top ventilators a lit . 1? bat for 

 20 minutes or so, about mid-day. Now that oak and other tree 

 leaves can be had, it will be well to use half leaves and half 

 dung for lining the pits heated by fermenting materials. The 

 1V< s will serve to make the heat more uniform and more last- 

 ing. Give no water to the succession plants during doll 

 weather, excepting to such plant- as are near the flues or pipes, 

 and that get over-dry in consequence. 



Vineries.— Remove all fading leaves from the Vines on which 

 fruit is hanging, and keep the house free from evtry thing likely 

 to create mould or damp. When there is any appearance of 

 frost in the ever ings, let sufficient fire be made to keep the 

 temperature up to about 40° during the night. 



Peach Bmuen.—lt the lights are still off the Peach-houses it is 

 time to put them on again, givmgthem all the air possible. If 

 the treefl in the late-house have not yet ripened their wood suf- 

 ficiently, continue to assist them bj making slight fires during 

 the day, giving at the same time plenty of air. 



Fig House.— The pruning of Fig trees, like that of Peaches, is 

 best performed in the summer and autumn. Let whatever 

 winter pruning required be done as soon as the leaves fade. 

 Wash the whole of the trees over afterwards with soap and 

 water till they are perfectly clean, and then mix soft soap and 

 sulphur with warm water, in the proportions of half an ounce 

 of soft soap and half an ounce of sulphur to a pint of water, and 

 let the whole of the trees be well rubbed with the mixture. Put 

 the house into a state of thorough repair and cleanliness, and 

 then tie up the trees. 



Strawberries.— If these have not been put into their winter 

 quarters no time should be lost in getting them in, as the roots 

 will suffer from too much wet. — G. F. 



V.— HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Peaches and Apricots.— Remove all green laterals, that the 

 growth of the trees maybe checked, and with a new birch 

 broom gently switch off the matured leaves, taking care not to 

 injure the buds, repeating the operation at short intervals, so 

 that the young wood maybe ripened by exposure. To effect 

 th - .till farther, cut out any small twigs that will net be wanted, 

 and loosen from the wall those shoots intended for bearing next 



ason as soon as convenient. Where unfortunate! e leaves 

 are still green and adhesive, no time should be lost in going? 

 over the trees, and c ing all the wronger leaves in two. As 

 no great nicety is re< ed, a man will soon go over a wall, by 

 catching the leaves between his knife and thumb. This will 

 tend to check luxuriance, and hasten the maturation of the 

 buds, without rendering the shoots either shrivelled, or the 



