Nov. 2,] 



TH E NEWSPAPER- 



that a charge of 25 log. of gunpowder had been fired in 

 the right branch of Lieut. Penrice's counter-mines with 

 • smaller charge of about 5 lbs., and some loose powder. 

 After air had been pumped into the mines for some time, 

 three men entered the branch where the explosion had 

 taken place, for the purpose of digging out the loose 

 earth. In a few minutes one of them came out of the 

 mine, saying that the foul air so affected his head that he 

 could not stand it any longer. The others not making 

 their appearance, some alarm was excited, and two men 

 entered the mine in search of them, when they found 

 them lying at the further end of the branch in a sens 

 less state. One was got out, when one of the second 

 party fell senseless, completely choking the passage. 

 Some delay occurred in extricating him, and when that 

 was effected, Lieut. Muggeridge, who wa3 in charge of 

 the party, led his men in to rescue the last, and found him 

 lying on his face at the extreme end of the branch. He 

 was immediately got out, and B surgeon of Urompton 

 being sent for, was promptly on the spor, and applied re- 

 medies, but without effect, as, owing to the delay in get- 

 ting him out, he was quite dead. The poor fellow's 

 name was Sullivan. S ralofthe party who entered the 

 mine the last time were more or less affected, and the 

 Lieutenant himself was partially delirious for some 

 minutes after he came out. Immediately after the acci- 

 dent, all further operations on the works ( d, and it 

 is understood that they will be totally a'o !one<J. 



Carmarthen, — We regret to state that last week 

 Major-General Sir "NY. Nott was taken alarmingly ill, 

 and is still in a precarious state. Tie road before his 

 house in Guildhall-square hat been covered with litter, to 

 lessen the sound of passing vehicles* 



Dover. — The two men nan I John and William 

 Clarke, for whose apprehe Ion Government offered some 

 weeks since a reward of 70/ , in the belief that they were 

 concerned in the recent mnrder of the policeman at 

 Dover, were captured last week* They wen' iliscovered 

 by means of an incautious expression of their sister while 

 roakini; purchases in a shop. They »>tated that they bad 

 been living in the woods since the occurrence, but 

 strongly denied any participation i:i the murder. They 

 were taken to Dover, and on Friday last were committed 

 to Maidstone gaol to take their trial. 



Liverpool. — The annual dinner of the Liverpool Agri- 

 cultural Association took place on Tuesday week, after 

 the usual exhibition of stock and implements. Lord 

 Stanley presided on the occasion, and was supported by 

 the Earl of Sefton, Lord Lilford, the Mayor of Liver- 

 pool, and a large number of the landed proprietors and 

 farmers of Lancashire and Cheshire. After the usual 

 loyal toasts, Lord Stanley proposed " Prosperity to the 

 Association," and adverted to the merits of this and similar 

 institutions, in promoting the important objects they are 

 designed to serve. 



" Those • inject*," he said. *' are of a two-fold character not 

 only Important as they tend to increase the facilities and the 

 caeapnes* ol cultivating the I of this cotinti y, and itfiderlsr 

 it ' aate to meet the daily increasin; * ants of a rapidly 



augmenting population, by the application of improved science 

 and art to the limited surface of the earth over which we have 

 command, but still mora Important in their bearing- upon our 

 social relations, bringing together allcla> of the c immunity 

 Jas. :<!-, tenants, of a higher and lower class, and even the 

 labouring classes also, and combined, as I am happy to see 

 them < n M Js and similar occasions, in this locality, with repre- 

 sentatives or the great manufacturing, mercantile, and trading 

 ciasses. The general advantages of societies of this description 

 ate so universally recognised, and recognised practically as well 

 asm theory, that it would be an idle and impertinent was'e of 

 yonr time to take it up by any discussion of them. In every 

 ■quarter of the kingdom we find, within the last few years 

 societies similar to this have been springing up, and agricul- 

 ture is partaking of the great movement which has been per- 

 vading all the industrial branches of this country. Farmers are 

 finding oat fciat it is necessary for them, with a view to their 

 own later , to take a very different course from that which 

 was fol owed by their grandfathers and great grandfathers In 

 these days no man is allowed to stand still. Improvement must 

 go on. And I see throughout the countrv, in every part of it 

 gratifying proofs that improvement is going on, as activelv in 

 the agricultural as in the manufacturing districts and opera- 

 tions o the country. Even within the last four or five years 

 1 see strides which, small as they may be compared with what 

 might be done, are g ntic when compared with what was 

 done before. 1 think it is not mure than four or five years a^o 

 That at a meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society of England' 

 J first noticed as a novelty of a singular character a new manure' 

 Known as guano, and recommended to the agriculturist of 

 England. If I am not r> rmed, from this single port of 



Liverpool there have gone out, within this single year, no le- 

 than 150 v iels, chartered expressly for the purpose of import- 

 ing tins then unknown manure for the improvement of the 

 agriculture <■( the country. It is not alone, however in 

 matters like this that we see the usefulness of these societies 

 I look for much more extended and permanent improvement 

 from their operation. Everywhere I see old and Useles 

 fences disappearing fields enlarging, improved modes of cul- 

 tivation a; red; and I see going on with immense rapidity 

 that which I must again and again impress upon you who are 

 confer, ,; with the land is the basis of ail improvement-deep 



?hn ? iiS^W I >f the ,and ; anft not here alone, but 



thr >ut all England, I see moat remarkably, as indeed any 



X?,^^-^ WbiFled throUgh ^counfiy at the 

 of im I ti a ^ hlCh Z° are no w carrkd > what a » extent 



t sssz^^stt pre^s^- aw? 



j.ceu or an tins stir about improvement and makine- trip lanri 

 grow *n much more ? ' By the bye it is nnt ™ ™ v. , 

 it grow more as making it grow differ en? cr)Z T U *& 

 grow Wh t instead of weeds" ButSme *£ ^S^l^Jl 

 Use of .llthi.! It is not a question for Zl mc V We'shall 

 only have our rents increased the more productive land s ! 

 Such an argument, allow me to say, 1S the verv clim.it «# 

 absurdity. To use a very homely phrase, it ta^cntK? off 

 one's own nose to spite one's face/ • Why should 1 under- 

 take an improvement because my landlord will benefit bv it 1 » 

 appears to me a very inconclusive and absord argument I 

 am not here to dispute the fact, that every improvement in 

 vaiuv, every addition by science to the productive power of the 

 land, everything which adds to its fertility, must, in the lone 

 run, be an advantage to those in whom the fee-simple is 

 vested. But the question is, at the same time that it is an ad- 



vantage to the landlord, is it not also an advantage to the 

 farmer who occupies the land and makes his livelihood out of 

 it f I ask no man to undertake an improvement if his own good 

 sense does not lead him to do it. I ask no man to apply any im- 

 proved mode of cultivation if it does not appear thathis own in- 



il advantage would be promoted by so doing. But when 

 • mors argue, that b -cause at the expiration of their tenancy 

 their rents may be increased, it is not worth while to adopt 

 improvements, 1 must say, they take a very short-sighted view 

 of their own Interests, and ntwtt think their landlords very 

 great fools and blockheads. They must go on the presumption 

 that although he sees his land might be made more productive, 

 he will be satisfied, for the purpose of seeing his own rents 

 low, to allow a slovenly tenant to go on in his slovenly courses. 

 The landlord would be as ahort-sighted as the tenant if he 

 could take such a view as this. But again I say, I want the 

 tenant not to undertake any improvement that will not repay 

 him, capital, interest, and profit, during his occupation of the 

 land. This br s me ro another question, as to the degree to 

 which it is-ttesirable or important that the practice should pre- 

 vail of holding land by lease. I speak, I know, in the presence 

 of a noble friend of mine, and every man who knows him is 

 aware that there is not a kinder or better landlord, or a 

 warmer friend to his tenants and neighbours than my noble 

 friend on my left, the Earl of Sefton. 1 know also it is not my 

 noble friend's practice to let his farms on lease. The great 

 majority of his tenants arc tenants from year to year, with 

 such entire and perfect confidence in the honour and integrity 

 of their landlord, that I do not believe that the fact of their 

 having no lease operates disadvantageous^ in any individual 



But this I say— and as one connected with the land I 

 feel myself bound to say it — that a landlord has no right to ex- 

 pect any great and permanent improvement of his land by the 

 tenant, unless that ti ntbe secured the repayment of his out- 

 lay, not by the p. al character or honour of his landlord, 

 it by a security which no casualties can interfere with — the 

 security granted him by the terms of a lease for years. I do 

 not speak of a lease for lives. In my experience, with some ex- 

 ceptions, wherever I have found fields badly cultivated, and 

 buildings dilapidated, I have found that the property is held 

 under a life-lease. I speak of a tenant who is prepared to join 

 his capital, and go hand in head with his landlord, in the im- 

 Drovemcnt of the farm. The greater the improvement you ex- 

 pect, the greater ouRht to be the lease you give. I consider it 

 unjust, if you call for improvement, not to give to the tenant the 

 moral certainty that the improvement he effects shall repay 

 him dnrin? the course of his lease for the expense he incurs. I 

 will go further than this, and say that there are some expenses 

 of .so permanent a character, that while I repeat it again tuat 

 it is an inadmissible argument against improvement, if the te- 

 nant repays himself for his outlay, that at the expiration of hia 

 term he shall leave his land in a better state than he found 

 it— while I hold this to be an inadmissible position, and 

 admit and contend, that in proportion to the amount of im- 

 provement expected from the tenant ought to be the duration 

 of his lease— I will add further, that there are some ex- 

 penses, more especially with the class of farmers of whom 

 the great majority are composed, which it is idle to expect 

 that they should undertake. If they are to add a perma- 

 nent value to the land, they ought to be undertaken by the 

 landlord himself, charging on the tenant such an amount of 

 interest as may repay him for the outlay he has made, and at 

 the same time afford a reasonable profit to the tenant. But, 

 gentlemen, I am not speaking now except of that which 1 am 

 practically conversant with, and given proofs of my adherence 

 to in practice. I allude especially to that which again I repeat 

 is the basis of all improvement, and especially in this country — 

 the thorough draining of the soil. And I repeat what I have 

 already said on a former occasion in this room, that there is no 

 investment in the world in which a landlord can so safely, so 

 usefully, or so profitably invest his capital as in the improve- 

 ment of his own farm, by money sunk in draining, on security 

 of the land which belongs to himself. I think I give you a 

 tolerably practical proof of my conviction on this point when I 

 say— and I say it, not for the purpose of boasting of what has 

 been done, bat of encouraging others to follow the example— 

 that on my father's property in this neighbourhood there has 

 been laid down at his expense, and charging five per cent, 

 interest to the tenants, which I believe they most gladly and 

 willingly acknowledged they have overand over again received 

 the benefit of— in this last year we have laid down in deep 

 draining somewhere about 300 miles of drains, at an expense 

 of between 5000/. and 6000/., and I think employed about a 

 million and a half of draining-tiles. By the arrangement I 

 recommend for this purpose both parties are benefited: the 

 landlord receives an ample return for his outlay; he knows the 

 work is done in a substantial and workmanlike manner- and I 

 will venture to abide by the declaration of any tenant on that 

 property whether the additional amount per acre he has in- 

 curred by having his fields drained, has not been over and over 

 again repaid by the annual return arising from the property. 

 It may be thought that I have trespassed on vour indulgence" 

 on a point peculiar and personal t. myself, a't greater length 

 and in more detail than I was justified in doing. But this is an 

 occasion on which we shou:d freely speak our minds to each 

 other. We meet together as landlords and tenants, and it is 

 right that we should express frankly our own opinions. I do 

 not hesitate to express mine, as to the mutual duties of land- 

 lord and tenant, and the mode by which I believe they may 

 effectually combine together for the advancement of the impor- 

 tant objects in which both are at least equally interested I 

 believe, on the whole, I am in a position to congratulate you 

 on the present state of this society. I hope the period of its 

 depression is already passed. Undoubtedly it has been subject 

 to some vicissitudes, and experienced some losses; and two or 

 three years ago it became involved in debts from which some 

 exertions were necessary to relieve it. If, however, I might 

 hazam such an observation, I would say, anxious as I am for 

 its increasing prosperity, it might be of advantage if its 

 >nere of operations were more extended) and if the co- 

 operation and consent of another and .similar society in this 

 county could be obtained, great benefit might be derived 

 from the amalgamation of the Manchester Society with the 

 Liverpool. 1 believe if the union were effected, it would tend 

 with fh«S A ^vantage and increasing prosperity of both. 

 With these observations, and thanking you for the patience with 



netint to^dr? l^^ l ° t* T* 1 of one ™7 »ttle com- 

 petent to address you on such subjects, I beg of you to loin me 



as I feel you will do cordially and heartilyfin SZ&}$iSZ 

 KLuV S U v? SS t0 th , e , Liw P°°l Agricultural Society. '- 

 }h?V?*Ztn^*'i* m \ d J 0lUi Cheers> Prosed the health of 



o!ed ar tM 

 Robertson Gladstone and KS^^fiVt 

 Glaostonb returned thanks.-Lord Stanlbv then said the 

 members of the Society would recollect that in former -years 

 the wall behind the President's seat was covered w^th Silver 



»% iV £*£ f tribUti0n r°°f thC su -essfuTcompeU tors 5 , ^and 

 hat it formed a very imposing array. In the course of time, 



however, some of the successful competitors-or he ough 

 rather to say their wives, finding they had got so many teauo ts 

 and teaspoons that they knew not what to do with them sur! 

 gested to their other halves that it would be nmre ^estwble to 

 get the amount of their prizes in money, irT order tha they 

 might buy the teapots and teaspoons themselves if they liked 7 

 It had been therefore decided that all the premiums shou a be 

 given in money, and with the permission ofThe company he 

 shoal.; now proceed to read over the name* of theTucceLful 

 candidates, to whom the Secretary was he believed preuaVed to 

 meet a 1 demands in full, if any of the competitors .desired then 

 to receive the am unt. His Lordship then proceeded to read 

 over the Hat of prizes, occasionally making sSch remark, to tS« 



successful candidates as were calculated to encour«~ 

 renewed industry and perseverance. When he had iJL a 

 siderable way through the list, his Lordship said he 7rSL\. 

 to a class of rewards for long and faithful services whLS 

 always perused with the livelie-t feelings of plea,nr^ 



availed himself of the opportunity to express the d~« 

 with which he had lately seen one of the nevrir^ivT^ 



He 



' .7 ' ovw " " ,,c u » me newspapers of »ki 



country, commanding an extensive circulation. ena^ooxmSS 

 decry this species of rewards, as if they were pavment* Sfr? tU> 

 and faithful .ervice. He hoped the labouring comm UD ^ i^S 

 feel that they were not put forward in any such dXrlrf!!! 



manner 'haw movn r\r\ + v« *»«••«« .*»*.*- _. .* ^K'*UiHj 



mann 



sons in humbler circumstances had done the societv bvTl!?* 

 course of honest and faithful conduct. They were' not tW 

 fore a degrading, but they were an honourable mark of auoroWi" 

 of winch any man in any class of society migkt well be an2i 

 He held in his hand a testimonial which was to accoaiaan»T 

 premium of 4/., to be given to Jonathan Hughes for ->5 yean r! 

 faithful servitude. The 4/. to such a man would be as unworth* 

 a remuneration as a piece of paper; but the testimonial iuir 

 would be kept by him and his child.-en as a proof that his law! 

 and faithful services had been appreciated by those amoa» 

 whom he lived. He then proposed the health of the right ha? 

 Lord Lilford, as a warm patron of Agriculture, and cooDtad 

 with the toast the Agriculturists of Northamptonshire.— La* 

 LiLFoitn briefly returned tha-tki. "The Judges, '» " the Maror 

 of Liverpool," the "Successful Candidates/' "the Committee 

 of Management," and " the Lancashire Witches," were the 

 remaining toasts of the evening. 



Manchester. — Tne Anti-Corn- Law League opened 

 their winter campaign in this town last week. Mr. 

 Wilson presided, and gave a long account of the proceed- 

 ings of the Leugue during the last ten weeks, and the 

 results of the registration. Mr. Cobden afterwanli id- 

 dressed the meeting, and ridiculed the landed gentry for 

 visiting the towns and lecturing the people upon agricul- 

 tural pursuits two and a half hours in the year. He next 

 ridiculed the practice of the agricultural as9ociationi in 

 granting prizes, and asked what would the people of 

 Manchester think if an association were to give them 

 prizes for the best workman, the best spinner, the beit 

 piece of fustian, and the man who kept the cleanest shop- 

 floor, &c. ; because it all amounted to the same thing as 

 the prizes at the agricultural associations. He animad- 

 verted upon Lord Stanley's beast at the Liverpool agri- 

 cultural meeting, that he and his father hud laid down 

 300 miles of draining-tiles within the last year. He be- 

 lieved that Mr. Bright had been building a cotton-mill, 

 and had during that time been laying down a million and 

 a half of bricks. The landed gentry would be puzzled if 

 Mr. Bright were to glorify himself after having admitted 

 that il it was the most favourable investment that m;m could 

 make." He wished Mr. Bright would calculate the duty 

 which he had to pay for hia bricks, for it was certain 

 that Lord Stanley paid none for his tiles. Mr. Bright 

 next addressed the meeting in a discursive speech, em- 

 bracing a variety of topics, but principally directed 

 against the aristocracy, and the evils of monopoly. 



Portsmouth. — The two experimental squadrons, which 

 sailed from Portsmouth last week— the one on Tuesday, 

 and the other on Wednesday morning— are not to cruiie 

 together as has been stated, but are to form two distinct 

 squadrons ; the brigs under the command of Commodore 

 Corry, of the Firebrand steam-frigate, and the line-of- 

 battle ships under the command of Rear-A.dmiral Bowles, 

 who has hoisted his flag on board the Caledonia, 120, for 

 the occasion. The brigs have proceeded direct to the 

 westward, and will be kept at sea for six weeks or two 

 months ; and the line-of-battle ships have sailed for 

 Lisbon, where they will be joined by the Albion, 90, ana 

 afterwards cruise to the westward of the Western Islands. 

 In passing down Channel the squadron of brigs was 

 accompanied by the Xarifa (the Earl of W uton is;, ^be- 

 longing to the Royal Yacht Squadron. A trial of saiung 

 was made between the whole of the vessels composing 

 the squadron, including the Xarifa, with the wind nearly 

 aft. After a run of 36 miles with a moderate brew te, ana 

 all sail set, with studding-sails alow and aloft, taw « 

 terminated by the Flying Fish and Pantaloon, botii con 

 stmcted by the Surveyor of the Navy, beating he other 

 vessels by nearly a mile. Her Majesty's ste lam-yacM 

 Victoria and Albert is to be taken into dock tor me p 

 pose of giving Dr. Reid an opportunity otm ak ing ^ 

 alterations in his ventilating apparatus, whicn u • , , 

 present to be very inefficient. Should the co»te m ^ 



alterations not prove satisfactory, the wbole f °V h n " itu F t ed. 

 ratus will be removed, and that of Dr. Arnott substitu 

 —The French cutter La Favori, 8 guns, came in 

 harbour early on Monday morning with pre*" ^ 



Hi. Majesty Louis-Philippe for ^°^~ Ktlxa in\ 

 port, London, and Windsor, and despatches wr 

 Sir C. Rowley from the French Minister -of Mann^ 

 On entering^the harbour she saluted the ror ^ 



with 17 guns, and the British ensign witn - . ^ 

 former was acknowledged from the \ xce " e ". ' ded her 

 latter from the platform. The cutter having tona^ 

 treasures, left the harbour on Tuesday on ner of 



Ripon.— The Leeds Mercury states that ™5 d 



Devonshire has announced his intention 0l * sitn . 

 his extensive estates in the neighbourhood °« £»P ' f bf 

 ated at Marton-le-Moor, Ramton, ana n ^ 



private contract, in one purchase, that tne f ^ 



pants of the respective farms have received none ^ 

 Grace's intention, and that ample recompense 

 made to the tenants for the improvements J 



made on the estate. f fearful ch»- 



Siafford.-Another colliery explosion of a re ^^ 



racter occurred in the southern division o ^^ 



on Saturday week. The pit in which it octurr ^ 



to Mr. Joseph Darby, and is situated i ™*< d in 



Ways, Rowley. In the mine the men are ^ J J 

 getting thick coal of the best quality. in« o0C of 



understood, has long borne the character otoe ^ ^ 

 the most dangerous in the neighbournooo, ^.^ 

 Darby, the proprietor, has resorted to au 





