758 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



[Nov. 9, 



security to the tenant, that it ne win lay out u» m 

 permanent improvement he shall reap the reward 

 outlay. This might be done by a lease, and it 



* « * *K^_* niwrUr tint* 



down, whichTcxclud^d the sun and air and fed on the 

 soil, and sell it, they would benefit the farmer and the 

 labourer too by laying out the proceeds in under-draining 

 the soil. There was another mode in which they might 

 find money. He knew that on some properties a large 

 sum was spent in the preservation of game. It was not 

 at all unusual for the game to cost 500/. or 6C0/. a year ; 

 and if this were given up, the money would employ I OU 

 able-bodied labourers in improving the property. Ihis 

 was another fund for the landlords of England to benefit 

 the labourers, and the farmers at the same time. Mill, 

 if the landlord did his utmost he might not be able to 

 find money sufficient for the purpose ; but let him give 



security to the tenant, that if he will lay out his money in 



" "" d ot the 



might 



be done without^ lease, for they ought not to lay 

 down an absolute rule, as leases were not universally 

 applicable, and it was not desirable that the landlord 

 should give up the land for 10 to 14 years to a man 

 that was not able to do Justice to it But without 

 leases there was a plan adopted in Leicestershire, 

 by which they might give security for money ex- 

 pended in improvements. If a farmer boned his land, 

 it was supposed tint would not be exhausted in less than 

 three years ; and if the tenant left the first year, he received 

 back two-thirds of the expense. Then if he chalked the 

 land, that was not exhausted under ten years ; and if he 

 left it in five years, he received back one-haF. Therefore, 

 if the landlord objected to granting a lease, he said let 

 him give security in this way for the outlay in perma- 

 nent improvements on the land. There was another 

 source of employment for the population— that was the 

 breaking up of Grass land. He had broken up a great 

 -deal of Grass land bimaelf, and be never repeated of it. 

 It appeared to hirr, that since the system of tatting cattle 

 on artificial food Grass land had sunk in value. Now 

 they would see at once the great increase of employmeLt 

 that would arise from breaking up these lands : they 

 might reckon one labourer for 100 acres of Grass land, 

 but it would take four to 100 of arable ; and thus if they 

 had 500 acres of Grass land, and brolce it up, instead of 

 five families they would employ 25 on it, which would' 

 considerably relieve the distress.— Mr. Edward Solly then 

 entered deeply into the mutual benefits conferred by 

 chemistry on agriculture, and vice versa ; and gave a 

 short sketch of the progress of agricultural chemistry 

 during the last few years, pointing out the value of sci- 

 ence in all practical matters, and more especially draw- 

 ing attention to those parts of Agriculture which were 

 likely to be benefited by chemical science. He stated 

 that phosphate of lime existed in large quantities in 

 Wheat flour, and that it was necessary that a proper 

 quantity should be afforded the plant, in order to bring 

 it to perfection, as well as those materials necessary to 

 the formation of starch and gluten. A gentleman named 

 Lawes, had endeavoured to produce superphosphate of 

 lime in large quantities by burning bones, and adding 

 thereto sulphuric acid. This was an excellent manure. 

 He could not, however, procure enough bones for his 

 purpose. Professor Daubeny had visited Spain, at the 

 request of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, 

 and found phosphate of lime to exist there in large 

 quantities, but the heavy expense of land carriage pre- 

 vented its transmission to this country. It was, bow- 

 ever, very probable that large quantities existed below 

 the surface of the soil in this country, which had only to 

 be brought up and spread upon their lands to excite 

 fertility. He had, at the suggestion of Professor Hen- 

 slow, visited a part of the east coast, where he had seen 

 hundreds of tons of the required material in the shape of 

 coprolites, one of which he held in ttia hand, though from 

 its appearance no one would suppose that it contained the 

 most essential manure for the production of both plants 

 and animals. The value of phosphate of lime being 

 known, chemists and others would seek everywhere for 

 cheap and abundant supplies of it, and he had no doubt 

 the search would be successful. 



"inasmuch as it gives the farmer a greater control over 

 the elements, in order that they may be made subser- 

 vient to his interest. The master may pass over the Grass- 

 land and make his silent remarks, but has no power or 

 control over it. But not so in the other case : he can 

 plough deep ; he can hoe and harrow ; thus pulverising 

 the soil, rendering it capable both to attract and retain 

 moisture ; apply various manures, giving a stimulus to 

 the youn? plants, and enable them to resist in a great 



gree the inclemency of the season, wl her from ex- 

 cessive heat or excess of rain ; aud there remains but 

 Kttto doubt that when all the sciences connected with 

 agriculture are brought fully to bear upon the land, the 

 farmer will have, it' not a complete, a successful control 

 over the elements, !>o far as production may be con- 

 cerned. It may be observed also that this description of 

 1-ind was put into Grass at a period when the population 

 of this country was limited and small, and that there has 

 been a vast accumulation of vegetable matter going on 

 for generations, laid up in store by Providence for the 

 supplies of the future, all of which might easily be con- 

 verted into food for man, and a return given back which 

 would produce food hereafter.— Thomas Underwood, m 

 the Northampton Mercury. 



Guano.— I could give the names of scientific farmers 

 who applied guano three years back, that, without any 

 better treatment than the ordinary mode, in the same 

 field can be discerned on Clovers this year at a very 

 considerable distance, where it was applied against the 

 richest farmyard decomposed dung, in the same field ; 

 this I account for by having used genuine Peruvian 

 guano — for African Ichaboe guano was not known at that 

 time. The failure in so many instances where guano has 

 been lately applied is from its spurious quality, the im- 

 proper mode of amplication, the mixture of lime, &c— 

 J. II. Sheppard, Chester, in the Farm ers' Journal. 



Notices to Correspondents. 

 Advertiskmkn-t.— R. A.— The Advertisement will cost 5s. 



Shall we insert it ? , . , « 



Books.—/. O, T.— We cannot mention prices. Apply to any 



bookseller. , , 



Book-kkepino— E.— We do not see that you need charge upon 





SMI THF1ELD, Movday, Nov. 4.— Per stone of 8 lbs 



Best Scots, Herefords,&c 3sl0to4s 

 Best Short Horns - 3 8 3 10 



Second quality Beasts .28 32 

 Calves - - • -3442 



Best Downs & Half-breds 3s 8 to 4s n 

 Best Long- wools - - 3 8 3 in 

 fc-wes and second quality 3 3 fi 

 Pig" - - - -344 



Beasts, 4015; Sheep, 30,900; Calves, 93; Pigs, 359. " * ° 



Our supply of Beasts is again very extensive, nor do we observe much im 

 provement in the general quality. Trade is exceedingly dull, and although 

 4s is obtained for come ot the choicest, many of fair quality iealise only iiom 

 ;»• Hd to 3s lOd. The inferior kinds are very heavy on hand, and make very 

 little money ; indeed many are sold under our lowest quotation. The Dutch 

 Beasts are arriving in very good condition, and give much satisfaction to the 

 butcher. Sheep are rather more plentiful, and trade for them is a little 

 worse; there is, however, very little difference in the bpst qualities, but the 

 prices of last week aie not so freely given, and In some inst >i are not ob- 

 tained. We have a great many Ewes and middling Sheep in Market, which 

 are very unsaleable. Although guod Veal is not very plentiful, we cann ; 

 observe any improvement in the general trade. It Is only the very choicest 

 that make anything over 4s per 8 lbs. Pork trade continues steady; 



Eriiiav, Nov. 8. 



The arrival of fre*h Beasts to this day's Market is not vert c nsiderable 

 but owing to the dulness of the dead Markets, and the still indifferent quality 

 of the supply, very little business i* doing. Our best qualities make about 

 the same price as on Monday, from 3s 81 to is; but some of the interiors are 



Id at very low price.-, for they range from 2s 4d to 3s 2d Sheep are fewer 

 in number, but the demand is very small indeed ; trade is a shade worse 

 than Monday. The best Downs, &c. hardly m;ike 4s, and Long wools rather 

 over 3s 8d ; Ewes. ire. 3s to 3s 4d. Veal trade is heavy; we cannot quote 

 more than 4s tor the very bes'. Fork at late rates. 



Beasts, 789; Sheep, 3810; Calves, 217; Pigs, .''70. 



41, WestSmithfield. 



HAY .—Per Load of 36 Trusses. 

 Smith fikld, Nov, 7. 



Prime old Meadow . New Hay 92s to 100 j Clover 110atoll5s 



Hay 105s to 110s I Inferior Hay 95 100 I Straw *8 82 



John CoopitK, Salesman. 



Cumberland Market, Nov. 7. 



Superior Mead. Hay ilOs to 110s I Superior Clover 1 Os to 118* 



Interior 

 New Hay 



Fine Old Hay 

 New Hay 



90 



l'-0 Int. 



97 



l(ji) 



Straw 31s to 84s 



nor „ 



New Clover 



Joshua Bakkr, Hay Salesman. 



Whitkcuaprl, Nov. 8. 



105s to 1 12s . Old Clover 1 15s 126s . 

 80 100 I New Clover 105 115 I Straw 25s to 30 



» 



Inferior 



Hdrfete. 



Practical Treatise on the Use of Peruvian and Ichaboe 



African Guano, <g-c. By J. H. Sheppard. 

 Another of the many pamphlets on this subject, to 

 gome of which we have already directed the attention of 

 our readers. It is full of convincing testimonies to the 

 value of guano as a manure, and it contains many useful 

 directions how to apply it. 



—With the con- 

 old turf of the 



Miscellaneous. 



On Ploughing Old Pasture Lands. 

 *ent of the proprietor, two pieces of 

 second class were ploughed thi3 s- rig, after proper 

 drainage, in the parish in which I reside, and sown with 

 Oats in the u.-ual way. The produce of the first piece is 

 estimated at 70 bushels per statute acre ; the second 

 piece, only a part of a field, produced 61 bushels per 

 acre ; and I have no doubt of the successful cropping of 

 this land for a series of years, in the hands of the present 

 good managing tenant. A part of this field, containing 

 about fourteen acres, remained un ploughed, and was not 

 stocked in the spring, but mown for hay in July. The 

 produce was gathered in, the whole amounting to about 

 five tons, and but little herbage has grown since. It is 

 easy to see the relative position of the occupier with re- 

 gard to these two pieces of land, without going to figures. 

 I am aware that it will be said the excessive drought 

 that has lasted so long this summer is the cause of the 

 failure of the Grass-land, and this is fully conceded, and 

 this fact strengthens the evidence in favour of ploughing 



for the coming year the case is different; for then, to insure 

 accuracy, you must deduct from your estimated returns 

 various per centaets on different portions of your invested 

 capital, according to what experience tells you will preserve 

 its value from depreciation. Thus, 5 per cent, on the present 

 value of your sheen nuv>t be deducted, for this will be re- 

 quired to replace the losses of the year by death or accident ; 

 10 per cent, on that of your horses must also be deducted to 

 cover the losses- and injuries which they may sustain—and 

 so on. At the end of the year, however, yon have to collate 

 facts, not to estimate probabilities; and if your valuations 

 of stock be just, the simple difference between that at the be- 

 ginning of the vear + the amount of purchases and expenses 

 during it, and that at the end of the year + the produce of 

 sales during it will obviously represent the financial result 

 of the year's proceedings. 



Carcase.- S. IF.— Chop it up, and cover the pieces with thick 

 layers of your vegetable matter and pounded chalk j you had 

 better not put day or salt in the compost, unless you wish 

 to retard the process of decomposition. 



Dipping Sheep.— 11. F. Campbell— 4 lbs. of Mr. Bigg's Com- 

 position suffices for 20 sheep. Mr. B.'s address is 15, Craw- 

 ford-street, Portman-square, London. 



Fullers' Earth.— Delia.— Your remarks go to prove, not that 

 fullers' earth contains alum, but that it contains alumina, 

 which is only one of the three constituents of which alum is 

 composed, the other two being sulphuric acid and potash. 

 The effect of alum as a manure would more probauly be 

 owing to these than to the alumina which it contains. 



Lvvkrxk.—D. IT. L.- One can hardly judtre without seeing it. 

 Tv'hat has destroyed it I You may as well leave it till spring. 

 You will be able to foresee the fate of your plant before it be 

 too late for Swedish Turnips, especially if you can use Cross- 

 kill's clod- crusher, and so obtain a tilth in spite of weather. 



Mr. Warne's Boxes.— T. M. and a Subscriber.— See to-day's 



Article, by Mr. Sproule, 

 Sea Mud.— If. D. P.— Certainly : have it ploughed before 

 •winter -, the summer's fallow recommended was additional to 

 this. Frost cannot be expected to deprive mud of excess of 

 salt, except by increasing its porosity, and thus facilitating 

 the action of future rains, in washing out its soluble ingre- 

 dients. Lime decomposes salt, and may thus deprive it 

 of some of its noxious properties ; perhaps, however, muriate 

 of lime and carbonate of soda, which are the resultant com- 

 pounds from this process, may be as injurious in excess as 

 common salt. We have no facts to determine the quantity 

 of the latter substance, which may be beneficially applied 



per acre. 



Spade Husbandry. -Malum.— Where can Dr. Yelloly's fork 

 be obtained? The Vernon hoe has a dart-shaped blade, at- 

 tached to a handle, with a swan-neck shaped termination. 

 It is useful for opening drills for seed or set;;, &c. 



Trivolium in'cabnatum. — R. G. — Autnmn is the proper 

 season for sowing Trifollum ir.carnatum. Can any one give 

 us his experience of it ? Spring is the best reason tor manur- 

 ing meadow land with guano. Apply 3 cwt. per acre. 



Vetch ks. —Paddy —In a luxuriant crop the lower parts of the 

 plant will be certain to wither and rot. We know of no effi- 

 cient remedy. Oats and Rye, sown with the seed, have 

 but a slight 'endency to support the plants. 



Waste of Fences.— A Quiet Observer.— Will you be kind 

 enough to explain your meaning:. What, in reference to 

 quicksets, is " preserving the spring. " 



*>* As usual, many communications have been received too late. 



COVENT GARDEN, Nov. 9-— There has been little varia- 

 tion in the prices of most articles dining the week; but, in 

 consequence of the unsettled, state of the weather, trade has 

 been dull. Of fruit there has been, generally speaking, a good 

 supply : Pine-apples are good in quality, and quite sufficient for 

 the demand. Grapes are also brought In consideiable quan- 

 tities; some good foreign sorts are in the mar; , and lionce 

 grown varieties are likewise good and plentiful; Melons are 

 scarce, as are also Plums; a few of the La*e Imperatrice are, 

 however, still to be met with, and there aie a levv Damsons, 

 but they are now almost over. The principal dessert Pears 

 are the Marie Louise, Crassane, and Jersey Chuuim ntel ; among 

 the latter there are some very fine specimens. Apples consist 

 of the Ribston Pippins, Blenheim Orange, Court of Wick and 

 the King of the Pippins, Quinces and Medlars are plentiful, and 

 Nuts of all kinds are sufficient for the demand; Walnuts are 

 somewhat dearer; Cucumbers appear to be marly over. Of 

 vegetables, Cauliflowers are scarcer, and in consequence, a 

 little (fearer. Cabbages, Broccoli, and Brussels Sprouts are well 

 supplied and are of good quality. Some excellent samples of 

 Celery are in the market, aud abundance of Carrots and Tur- 

 nips are offered. Endive, Lettuce, and other salading are 

 likewise sufficient for the demand. Cut Flo vers chiefly con- 

 sist of Rondeletia speciosa, Bignonia venusta, Epipbyllum trun- 

 cation, Gloxinias, Heaths, Hel.otropes, Cinerarias, Pelargo- 

 niums, Camellias, Cliimse Primroses, Picotees,and Roses; tne 

 latter are very fine specimens. 



FRUITS. 



Pine Apple, perlb., 3*to 7* &/ 

 Grapes, Hothouse, p. lb., 1*6./ to 6« 



— Spanish, perlb.. Is to Is 64 



— Portugal, per lb., 1* to 2s 

 .Melons, each, 1 J to St 



Plums, per hall-sieve, ?* 6tf to 5s 



— Impcratrice, per punnet, is 6d 



Damsons, per half *ieve, 1* 6d to 2$6d 

 Apples, De.'S , per bush-, 2* 6dtt5i 



— Kitchen, Si to 4* 

 Pears, Dess-, per hi.-sv., S« to 8s 

 Ouinces, p u r half-sieve, 1* Cd wis 

 Medlars, per bu&hel, " 



Filberts, per 100 lbs., 1's to 90* 



Cliesnuts, per peck, 5* to a» 



Walnuts, per bushel, S* to 8* 



— y helled, 12* to 24« 



Berberries, per hf-sv., 2* 

 Lemons, per dozen* 1* to 2* 



— per 100, 6s tolG* 

 Almonds, per peck, fc's 

 Sweet Almonds, perlb., 2* 6J 

 Cob Nats, per lOo lbs., 90* to 100* 

 Nuts, Barcelona, 24* 



— Brazil, 16* 



— Cob, 16* 



VEGETABLES. 

 Cabbages, per dozen, 6<i to \*U j^KlV #«£? 



Brussels sprouts, hf-sv., 1*6 1 to-* i*r b e, j>«. . »»__._ 



Sorrel, per hf.-ei*ve,6»/ to Od 

 Artichokes, pei dfw., 2s to 4* -, 



— Jerusal., P- hf-sv., 1* 3d to Is w* 

 French Beans, bf -sv.,8* to 5* 

 Scar. Runners, per hr.-sv.. l* to -* 

 Potatoes, per ton, bi's to 70* 



cwt, 2* Cd to 4* 



bushel, lf*d to 2* Cd 



_ Kidney, per b«h ; , 2* to3* 



Turnips, per do*, bch 1* *i to 2* 6d 



Salsafy.perbunch.ls-tolsM 



6d 



Spanish, p r doc., 1* to 4* 

 Shallots, per lb., dd to fid 

 Tomatoes, per half-sv., 1* to .s Bd 

 Capsicums, Ripe, per loo, 4* to Us 

 _ Green, per 100, 1* to 2* 



Radishes, per doz., 6d to Is 

 Lettuce, per score, €d to Is £d 

 Celery, White, per bunch, 9dto Is 3d 



— Red, per b-.inch, 1* to l*6d 

 Endive, per jcor«i 1> to It fid 

 Mushrooms; per pottle, lOd to 1* 6<f 

 Small Sa ads, per punnet, 2d to id 



Watercress, p. l -' sm. bun. 3/ to 6d 

 Parsley, per doz- bunches, 2* to 2s 



— Roots, per bundle, Pd to ]$ 

 Tarragon, (ireen, per bui.rh^d t 3d 

 Green Mint, per bunch, U to 3d 

 Marjoram, per bu <•' 3d 

 Chervil, per punn-i, 'd to 3d 

 Chilis, per », U to » 



Wh 



MARK-LANE, Monday, Nov. 4. 



.WISH, M» jMgSe ?**?%•, 5 50 



*M^rt\nimherland and hcotcn . . 



Barley 



Oats, I t , 

 North umbe 



Jjish - 



Malt, pale, ship # 

 Jlerttordand Esse 



S&.. *^j$xr w ' £ 2 5 



Pigeon, Heligwana 



Peas, White 



ed 

 Feed 



19 

 19 

 17 



. M 



. 29 



Tick W 



21 



21 

 BO 



5'J 



60 



33 



Red . 

 AVhite 



(Jrind. 

 Foed 

 Potato 

 Potato 



s. 



42 



U 



18 

 20 

 19 



48 



:■<> 



20 



a 

 n 





Harrow 30 

 L n ped — 



Grey -^ 



36 



32 



KnsrHsh 



irinh . 

 Foreign 



G92K 

 20 



9» 



H 



61 



15938 



36 to 40 Winds — 

 34 to 37 Maple 30 



Flour. ,VV, i fijlQ « aoK 



3149 Sks. - Brls. 105H , 6419 



2T25 \\ \ 7210 '28258 



Friday, Nov. 8. 



AnniVALSTHlS WKEK. 

 Wheat I Barley 



_ C 



1339 1331 

 335 



J¥larfcetSe 



POTATOES. — Southwabk Waterside, Nov. 4. 



In- consequence of the contrary winds the arrivals during th** past week 

 have been limited, which has caused a considerable cleararu e ; several parts 

 oJ cawocaol Inferior samples have b en disposed of, and towards the end 

 ther.> was mor* m< nt-y aslced for the best Scotch, but the:e was n->t sufficient 



esmade to van aivance ia our quotations, but the demand was rnu 



batter and ready sales were effected of the beat samples at the iollowing 



English 



Irifch • 



Foreign 



5i70 



C390 



1120 I 15890 



IMPERIAL AVERAGES 

 Wheat. , Barley 



Oats 

 1030 



60 

 105-0 



Floor 

 5620 Sk« 



Sept. 

 Oct. 



88 



5 



12 



10 



SO 



2 



per Quarter- 



prices. 

 York Reds 

 Penh 



e 

 rly Devons 

 ite Devona - 

 Cornwall 

 Jersey Blues - 

 — Whites 



s to 70» 

 60 — 



55 60 



55 

 50 



60 



Kent and Essex Whites - 



— — Kidneys 



WUbeach Kidneys - 



— Blues 



— Whites - 

 Guernsey Blues 



— Whites - « 

 Prince Regents 



60s to 55s 



CO 

 * 60 

 . 45 

 . £0 



■ — 



- 60 



Nov. 



8 W eeks' Aggre*. Aver. 



Duties on Foreign Grain 



45f : ' 



B4i 



Id 



46 1 



33 



9 



46 3 



33 



C 



46 3 



84 





46 



81 







— 



| ' 



•13 11 



S4 



1 



9ft n 



4 



Pets. 



S3 6 

 34 



33 I* 



34 G 



33 



D 



7 

 I 



50 



GO 



HOPS, Friday, Nov. 8. 



Tna Market for fine Sv x and Weald of Kent Hops keeps advancing, and 

 is fi. s per cwt. dearer than last week. 



The Duty is still estimated at 110,000/. 



PAf.;nM>KN at SazTH, Hop-Factors; 



Canary - - P«;* 

 Carraway - P" tWl 



Clover, Ked, Engl sh - 



__ foreign 



_ White, Fnglish - 

 __ __ Foreign - 



Coriander - ■ " " 

 Hempseed - perjast 



Linseed .- - P" 1 r 



__ Baltic - 



_ Cakes,Eng. per 1000 



SEEDS, Nov. 4. 



62sto 56s nn,e-dC.- 1 k",Fore!gn,p.ton 



67 to Bl 



44 



10s 



11 



. 12 

 231 



\2 

 35 



10/ 



62 Mustard," V - P- » Ufh> 

 Superfine ,» 



- Rapweed, EnglUh,perl«t » 



- i Rape Cakes - F" «°» _ - 



18 tinloin • - *.,..v. 5 6 

 38 .res, Ene. winter p-buih. _ ^ 



__ __ Foreign - _ 



- Tref-il - : w p /f n tmiotation). 

 11/ ; Turnip (too **%£££% S* 



14S 



16 



16 



ihl 



