800 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



kept (nit or ground j no lime should therefore be lost 



* nations— Most be oc* illy watered, but at the same 



time sparingly ; remove decayed leaves, or those wl I art 

 affected with the " black spot;" and be particular that dirt or 

 other extraneous matter is removed from the axils of the 

 leaves. Wc hear that the scarlet Bizarre raised at Derby, bloom 

 of which \ c landed round at the Coppice 5- w, near Not- 

 tingham, on the 6th of August last, has been sold to a Florist 

 of Staffordshire. Many orders were taken at I Of. 6d. per pair; 

 we trust t!>at the flower has been Bold "with all its engage- 

 ments," else we fear coi terable dissatisfaction wi 1 be eog< n 

 dered. rinks.— The beds mu-t be kept free from weeds, and 

 should frost occur they must be looked over, and the plant 

 pressed down, or fastened, as they are apt to be raised out of 

 the ground, especially if planted late.— J. F. \V. 



IV.— PINERIES, VINERIES, &c. 

 Pineries. — There has been such a variety of methods recom- 

 mended (• ach as the best, or the cultivation of the Pine-apple, 

 that it has become ratter a difficult task to decide which really 

 has the best claim to that title. For my part, I confess that 

 I have become a convert to wbat is called " Hamilton's sys- 

 tem;" aid for the following re isous: first, because the treatment 

 ii remarkably simple; and second, because a greater weight of 

 fruit may be obtained in a given space, and at a much less cx- 

 per. than by any other method known. No second pit i 

 required, which is in itself a great recommendation to amateurs 

 who may take a fancy to Pine growing. I do not know Mr. 

 Hamilton, nor haw lev n his Treatise, but I know that 



one of the most successful exhibitors of Fines at Chiswick has 

 grown them ou this j 'ars; and v i ever I have seen 



the same plan in operation, I have been struck with the excel- 

 lence of the fruit, and the comparative small size of the plants. 

 This ma> em a departure from the objects of a Calendar; but 

 as beginners in Pine-growing, as in other things, are often 

 puzzled to know which method to adopt, a disinterested opinion 

 on a " ode of culture of which all have heard, but of which few 

 have had an O] rtunity of judging for themselves, may not 

 be out of place here. 



Vineries. — In n gulating the temperature of Vineries recently 

 shut up, regard must be had to the extf rnalatmosphcre. In mild 

 weather the day temperature maybe ". P by fire-heat, and if the 

 sun rai>es the thermometer 10° or if, , so much the better, as the 

 fire iu ed not then be made till late in the evening, if needed at 

 all. It is not necessary to maintain a heat of 50° on cold nights; 

 during frost or cold winds 45° by night, will be sufficient till 

 the buds begin to swell. The late house should be kept at 45° 

 or »0 a by night, while the fruit lasts. It is better to keep the 

 lights closed during the day in close, hazy weather, in order to 

 keep the dan; i of the bouse. 



Peach-houses. — The directions given for the temperature of 

 the Vineries this week, will apply equally well to the Peach- 

 house urted last week. It is not uncommon to see air ad 

 mitted whenever the sun shii es on a house just commenced 

 forcing. This is unnecessary, as, if the trees pre frequently 

 sprinkled with the syringe at this season, a day's sunshine is 

 more beneficial in exciting the buds than a week's firing with- 

 out sunshine.— G. F. 



V.— HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN-GARDEN. 



Peach-trees.— If the pr. nt frost should be likely to continue, 

 those who find that the leaves of their Peach-trees arc still in 

 a green adhesive state had better protect the trees slightly by 

 straw-rope netting, or by sticking Fern, &c. ami ng the branches, 

 as a su Iden check to the growing system after such mild 

 weather would be more prejudicial now than after the trees 

 had got accustomed to variations of temperature. 



Radishes, Small Salading, Lettuce, Endive, Cauliflower, 8>c. 

 will be quite safe where they are in pits or frames, as there is 

 little difficulty in keeping them from frost in such circum- 

 stances. Although we do not yet expect much severe weather, 

 no time should be lost in securing plenty of Endive, Cauli- 

 flower of the June and July sowing, &c. to be protected with 

 straw or reed covers in turf pits, &c. 1 may here repeat my 

 method of making these covers :-Take three slips of wood, 

 from 2 to 3$ inches broad, and from one half to three quarters 

 of an Inch thick, accoroing to the intended length and width 

 of the cover; put two pieces for the sides of the cover, at the 

 distance of from 3 to 4 feet apart, and the third one in the 

 middle between the two; nail pieces of wood of similar thick- 

 ness ac.oss the two ends, and in the intervening space use 

 lighter wood at the distance of from I foot to U foot aoart- 



it Up] 



Con- 



[Nov. 



»h d now he completed as soon M p ible, laying 

 rough, in order that it may profit by the winter frosts. 

 tinue to pi D »e fruit-trees, and forward every operation of the 

 season as much as possible,— /. McH* 



State of the Weather near London forth" week ending Nov. 28, 1844, as 



obivrved at the Horticultural Garden, Chiswick. 



Nov. 



Frid. 



S it. 23 



Sun. 2. 



Mon. 25 



Tue«. * 



Wed. 27 



Thurs. 28 



Average 



on's 

 A?e. 



~12 

 13 



o 



18 



17 



i a 



r>.\ROMKTF.R. 



Thi >MRTKR. 



Max. 



30.146 



I 031 

 30.102 

 30.296 

 30.3 

 30.110 



30.179 



Mis. 



30.185 



80 . 1 24 



29.947 



.933 



30.221 



30-2>7 

 29 986 



Max, 

 45 

 45 

 44 

 45 

 45 

 46 

 44 



Min. 

 39 

 28 

 31 

 29 

 22 

 23 



38 



097 44.8! 80 



Mean. 

 42.0 

 M.fl 



37.5 



37.0 



335 

 34 5 



41.0 



374 



Wind- Rain 



\V\ 



E. 



N.K. 



N. 



S.W. 



S.W. 



S.E. 



ful. It acts 



your crops unless it is largely wd 



like gmnoof the best quality . h.TTT 



30, 



" — O v v ** w; HIIAIUK Will noil V 



lumps, and pieces of old mortar, tha , L *' ch *» 

 Soils for Vines should be very loose and 2 niauure « 

 A Subscriber. -Urine mixed with soinl*? ?«". <** 



Nov. 22 Hazy throughout; densely overcast at night. 



— 23 Hazy; fagKY I clear and frosty. 



— 24 Hazy; cloudy and fine; thickly overcast at night. 



— 25 Overcast; cloudy and fine; slight frost. 



— 26 Clear and frosty; fine; sharp host at night. 



— £7 Frosty; foggy; fine; clear ?nd frosty. 



— 23 Foftgy; hazy and cloudy throughout. 



Mean temperature of the week 4 deg. below the average. 



State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 18 years, for the ensuing 



Week ending Dec. 7, 1044. 





m 







No. of 

 Vents in 

 which it 

 Rained. 



^■b 



Prevailin 



g Winds 



1. 



Dec. 



A ver. 

 Highest 

 Temp. 



Aver. 

 Lowest 



Temp. 



Mean 

 Temp 



Greatest 



quantity 

 ; of Kain. 



i i 



2 



X 



2 



2 



• 



30 



4 



• 



4 



* 

 • 



Sun. 1 



50. 5 



39.2 



44.9 



7 



0.25 in. 



2 



Mon. 2 



46 A 



36.8 



41.4 



10 



0.51 



i i 



1 



1 



2 



6 



2 



4 



Tues. 3 



48.0 , 



38.7 

 38.2 



43.3 



8 



0.17 



*— 



1 



2 



1 



2 



6 



6 





Wed. 4 



475 



42 9 



8 



0.14 



2 



1 



— 



2 



3 



6 



3 



1 



Thur. 6 



4*>\8 



37*1 



' 42.0 



9 



1.18 



— 



1 



— 



1 



1 



6 



5 



4 



Frl. 6 



46 9 



36.5 



41.7 



12 



0.30 



1 



1 



— 



1 



3 



7 



6 



— 



Sat. 7 



47.4 



88.5 



43.0 



13 



0-52 



1 





I 



4 



4 



5 



] 



v b ™»e8, chared 



*e. 



— -....v. uiusu wicn soanv w j *,*."■ ' a °«C 



good liquid manure, but it should never be .!• ! ] a r «T 

 win ter. The growing season is that al .-:„- in * ' pl ! ed ^rioJ 

 of this sort should be used, if i i, hr u !, n whlc * manarf 



heap, the latter will be much improved in n„°!V' e manQ r« 



you do not let it waste away again. quality, provide 



Names ok Fruits.— Sesima.—\, Worthies* 



Brown Beurre ; 2 and 3 are correct ] £A7 cer > nl r 



correct; 4, East 



not 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 6th, 

 1327 and 7th, 1833— therm. .'<J°; and the lowest on the 3d, 3840— therm. 22?. 



___ .. „.. K „ ^. „ WWUJ w^yu.-»nc i.u muse ou trie ocner siae : 



cut the ends of the straw, and the cover is fit either for turf 

 pits or glass frames. Using- lighter wood for the cross pieces 

 in the middle, is for the purpose of causing less strain to be 

 placed on the longitudinal pieces when moving the cov< rs, and 

 also for rendering them lighter. I prefer Wheat-straw to reeds, 

 as being less expensive and not so liable to break when exposed 

 to frost and wet alternately, but the straw ought to be drawn 

 before the crop is threshed, and all the ears cut off, other- 

 wise it will be bruised by the flail or machine, and the 



wJu'i IS ° nly , aCt as a spon & c for staining moisture, 

 but vvill offer an inducement to birds to pick your covers to 



Ef« eS :. Su f h * overs Bre not qnite so effectual in excluding 

 Sin.iS. pain f te ?. ca ™v g lazed cal ^o, &c. ; but they are a 



lahehL V l°^%° n r ° m lr ° St ' a , re taexpwwlf. where straw is 

 tobehadandaffrd a means of employment to labourers in 



unfavourable weather. Sea Kale and Rhubarb. -We 'have had 



a good supply of the former from the beginning of the month 



by taking, up the root, as previously recommended. The mo f 



economical method of growing the latter, is to sow every year 



and take up and force it in a similar manner. Those who de 



Sate of \t%T ° f d ?° rS f ° r a firSt SUP ' )] ^ niUSt «*»inc ^ 

 state^ of their fermenting material, to see that it is not getting 



ine. 



■«.«„. ,v. « Vi: . J " v, ■ , -* lu, f v-an procure, so as ro 



vent the escape of the heat now existing in the soil. Ro 



-Clear and attend to Mushroom-beds j examine your A ra- 



SntS. «rn 8, Pf ?.T Xhc J CGtS ° f ^ !obe Artichokes f«> the 



rTiil i ; . . UP Celery whcn you can ' and diff, trench or 



ridge all vacant ground.— R. F. ' 



Vil.-COTTAGERS' GARDENS. 



f^ »v,» 1( ? ed tQ be c °Hected and saved some time ae-o 



mat w U [n°v C 0t excludin & ^ost. Cover the glws with a dry 



wfth' Initio ^L™** «"le hay or stra'w, cover a/aJn 



wi^h another mat. When the frame is uncovered in the morn- 



kept dry. By this means Pelargoniums; and 



a^^sim-rSei^SK 



some place 



Notices to Correspondents. 



■ 



Back Numbers op the Gardexkrs' Chronicle. — Many of 

 the Numbers advertised last week having been since sold, we 

 repeat the list of those which may still be had. Any subscriber 

 who will forward to our publisher Post-office stamps equi- 

 valent to as many Numbers as are required, shall have them 

 sent: — 



1841 ;-l, 6, 8,13, 14, 15, iQ, 17, 18, 20,22, 23, 24, 26, 27,28, 29, 



30, 31, 32, 31. 

 1812 :— 4, (), 8, 11, 18, 30, 38, 42, 50, 51, 52. 

 1843 :- 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 1/, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 



28, 29, 30,31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41,42, 43, 4S, 50. 



1844:— All the Numbers for the present year; but parties are 

 requested to complete their sets forthwith. 



The Reprint of Mr. PAXTON'3 COTTAGERS' CALENDAR 

 is now ready, price 3d. each Copy. An Index has been added 

 to this present Edition. Parties wishing to have copies for 

 distribution among their tenantry can have them at the rate 

 of 25 for 58. 



Apricots.— Querist. — In summers like the past, the Breda 

 ripened on a standard becomes exceedingly ricli.il 



Azaleas. — An Inquirer.— The following are good and distinct 

 varieties :— viz., Indica alba, Danielsiana, Addisonii, Flori- 

 bunda, Gladstones!!, Jackson ii, Lateritia, Phceaiceacoccinea, 

 P. superba, Pulchra, Rosea, Splendens, and Fulgens4 



Books.— Peckham.— The Botanical Register, Botanical Maga- 

 zine, Taylor's Annuls of Natural History, Hooker's London 

 Journal of Botany. All these are monthly periodicals de- 

 voted either wholly or partially to Botany. 



Chrysanthemums.— J. M. S.— These plants are very subject to 

 sports, and it is thus that some of the kinds have been ob- 

 tained. No one is able to account for such things, any more 

 than they can tell why domestic animals are of all sorts of 

 colours. 



Diseases.— Priory Queen.— Your Pelargoniums and Camellias 

 are either too cold or too damp, and in all probability both. 

 The spot is no doubt produced by this cause, and certainly 

 not by insects. Either enable the plants to digest the excess 

 of water, by giving them plenty of warmth, light, and air, or 

 render their digestion unnecessary by withholding excessive 

 moisture. Perhaps the drainage is bad ; perhaps the ventila- 

 tion of their house ; possibly both. 



FnviT-RooM.— Ctericus llibernicus.— You will find full informa- 

 tion upon this subject in some Leading Articles at pp. 611 and 

 043, 1841, to which we would beg to refer you. We cannot re- 

 commend you to line the walls with Wheat-straw, because 

 it will get mouldy, and injure the fruit. The mould of straw 

 will inoculate the fruit itself. Beneath the slate roof, straw 

 would be unobjectionable, because the house would probably 

 be ventilated there, and so be kept quite dry, when mould 

 would not be able to grow. Otherwise we see nothing to 

 object to in your plan. The great points are to exclude light 

 and to maintain a low even temperature, without frost. 



Fruit-trees.— An Amateur. -Add to your list of Peaches the 

 Grosse Mignonne and Bellegarde. For the late yellow Nec- 

 tarine, substitute the Peterborough; add the Royal Apricot 

 The late Admirable is the best late Peach, when it ripens - 

 but if your climate is not sufficiently favourable for this 

 variety, the Bellegarde will afford the latest good supply || 



Greenhouse Plants. -G. H. S.-No tender plants will live in 

 a glass house, without artificial heat, unless the winter is 

 mild, or they are half-hardy, as is the case with such shrubs 

 as Acacia armata and alata, Aloysia citriodora, Azalea si- 

 nensis, Camellias, Orange-trees Coronilla glauca, Cornea 

 speciosa, Daphne odorata, Fabiana imbricata, Hydrangeas 



Fuchsias, and the hardier sorts of Cape Heath.t ' 



Heating. -An Amateur.— -Your two pits, with a 



n?n a Q r L f f et T h ' bcing intem,ert f °r forcing Cucumbers" and 

 propagating flowers, must be so heated ;>s that much or little 

 moisture maybe fully at command. You will therefore re 

 aUow^h. ^ 1 Uie , smal,es ' description, and tanks that will 

 allow the escape of vapour directly from the surface of the 

 hot water, but capable of being rendered perfectly dose when 

 moisture is not required. These tanks should be p7aced 

 almost close to the walls, and below the support of the soil 



iSSSS S^i?* -1 ^^ thC si ^« -" the pit wil °be 

 necessary for the communication cf beat from the ta, ks to 



Ib-'nlTp^^ SOi '- T " e fUe ' Wi " ^<»S y ?W«S 



with bitter a P .o ;s ; but «SfA1ffi C ' ,l0Ured 

 HvBRiDistvc.-BoranicM.-Remove the noli™ with „ , 

 camel's hair pencil. A very s „4 ^"wiiUn'swer 1? 



surface of 40 



8, Franklin's Golden Pippin , g , keuUsh: P h h\ Canada 

 Beauty of Kent; 12, Glout MorctauO Fl,Uba »ket 5 U, 



Names of Plants.— V. 2V.— Specimens out of fl, )n . r „, 

 named with any certainty, unless the plants are d "° 0t ** 

 well known. Seeds of Pyracantha and Cotonea? " T^ 



be treated exactly like Whitethorn. j M Z } Jf c f "!>onld 



coccineum; 2, Niphobolus rupestris.§ ' ' urnit hidiuai 



Peaches.— Querist.— The double-blossomed Peach dn*. J 

 fruit occasiorally, and so do other mieU ea TwlU"!*!? 1 



*!Z£^&™J™P^> althou ^ in »uch ah the'su! 



■ot ripen iu 

 sane, d'Auch, or Colmar, succeed on a iiorth^wall I "^ Cra " 

 PELAROOV1UMS.-.4 Coiinty S.-The best P l ace t," CT ow th.™ 

 in is a good greenhouse, the next best a go d t, \t w^ 

 must be capable of bei«-g thoroughly ventilated Iu! ," 

 damp. It does not matter how it is glazed ti.o i " u 0t be 

 not be puttied, but left well open, so as to allow pleSr o?2J 

 to get in and out. The aspect does not signify y n ,,.. [ 

 grow Geraniums well unless you keep your pii or houSfre'e 

 from excessive damp : and if that is likely to trouble vn.^ 

 will be indispensable, in the first instance, to drain 1 



ground thoroughly. J. //.says, that in the course of a toX 



has lately made in Germany, he observed the beds of Scarlet pi 

 largoniums were a compact mass of the most brilliautflowerV 

 and the growth of the plants had evidently been controlled- 

 and he asks for information as to the mode In which this is 

 accomplished, as the Pelargoniums iu England run to growth 

 and leaf, with here and there a straggling spike of blossom 

 His observations were mads during the months of August and 

 September. Dry soil, a dry atmosphere, and a hot sun are 

 the causes of the condition cf the German Pelirgoniums 

 Our garden ground is often much too rich and moist for them." 

 Protection.— W. C— You cannot have anything better than 

 branches of the Spruce Fir as a protection agaiust moderate 

 frost for scarlet Geraniums in an open bed, or for tender 

 climbing Roses, not growing on their own bottoms. The 

 roots require covering quite as much, or more, than the 

 upper branches. For hard frost this material answers well, 

 provided there is enough of it. The branches should be 

 packed over the plants in the form of a cone. 

 Transplanting.— Quadriformis. — The present is the best of 

 all seasons for transplanting all kinds of hardy plants, let 

 your advisers say what they like. Drain your border well, 

 plant your Yuccas a little above the soil, steady them by some 

 means, so that they cannot be blown about by Mind, and 

 remove them at once. That is what we have done, and 

 should do again. 

 Tussac Grass.— IL— We should sow the seed of this plant 

 immediately, in damp peaty soil in a greenhouse. It had 

 better be sown thinly, and if it comes up, encouraged to be- 

 come strong before being planted out. if it is sown as thick 

 as hay- seeds are, then it would be desirable to separate the 

 plants which grow, and place them in separate pots; still 

 keeping them through the winter in a cool greenhouse or 

 well ventilated pit. It grows naturally iu the peat bogs of the 

 Falklands. 

 Vineries.— Susan.— Plants do not do well on the back walls 

 of Vineries. You may, however, try Camellias, the Cape 

 Plumbago, and Scarlet Geraniums; and if you pull a brick 

 out here and there near the roof, so as to form a nest for its 

 seeds, you may get Mignonette to become a bush and to 

 flower all the winter. Any light loose soil will do for Cacti; 

 old mortar rubbish is a favourite of theirs. It rarely happens 

 that plants can be named unless very common, if they are 

 not in flower. Yours is apparently some Cape Bulbine; ij 

 you give it heat an I plenty of light, without much water, it 

 will bloom no doubt. .. 



Vines.— S. S.-Royal Muscadine will ripen earlier than tne 



Black Hamburgh and others you mention.il 



Miscellaneous.—/. A. — We have no idea what ails your 



Yucca, which always flowers so late as to be cut witn rose 

 unless the roots have got into springy soil, in wdict case 

 laying its roots dry would cure the evil. "'M^K 

 local affection, the nature of which can hardly be judgd oi 

 without actual inspection. In all probability the ■ ev ii m « 



the roots. M. B ©.-We are sorry to be u»a J to *^Jt 



you. An advertisement offers the only means ™*™*f^ A 

 of obtaining the information you are "» sear J" f * he in 

 Reader. -It is not common for a standard Magno + hatc > oe^ 

 full blossom in the open ground at this season.* 

 wWAer—Thompson's " Alcedo " was Published m 18^ . g 



. J. G. — J- ■ 3 - ' „ W-v-f 



will be useful. ' ' " ~W «» or a Stephenson's 



Insects.-J. T.-The small substances on 



am, as near me au« »«- •-■ - 

 can. The Vines will do no good while the roots are 

 pletely removed from the influence of heat an ' d t0 

 SKAwriAei-.-Stephanotus floribundus cannot dee. J 

 thrive in a cold pit ; it is a stove plant and slgu.u^ ^ 

 during winter in a temperature of about ou- ^ bJ 



withering stems of your Erythnna ^"^fV dry off. 

 gradually withholding water allow the r oo _ t ^ 



Place it where it will be free from "^g an and ultimately 



through the winter.* Querist, &c.- 1 >e o» flower . 



the cheapest fence for keeping rab^s mi dght 



garden is a wire one. It should be «»out 34 ^ ^ fa tfae 



We cannot recommend dealers or & l /r-ititiara acaulis may 

 business of advertisers. The roots or wenu ^ _ T1 , e fruit 



be removed, and divided in spring- 7 • desser t fruit. 



of Passitlora Quadrangularis is eatable as a 



The Seedling Primula is only 1»« ^ommon^rin^.^^ q( 



The sun does 



iiic oeeumif, *ihm«»- — ~- - , three 



of Primula sinensis.: W.-0( the tbree 



sheet- glass sent you, choo ^/^ e '^pane than under 

 not scorch plants more under one size _ CI * ellia s,whica 

 another.*—*. H.L.-The watering of your can e__ timpSg 



survive the winter in'g-d condition ^T ZSS&SSU? 

 earlier next year than if they had been left : withmTfr «n! y 

 tection. Artichokes will require to have a ^ small ^ouantitv' ; 

 leaves or litter placed round their stems. Seal ale U an v ^ °i 

 wanted early, should now be covered. The wrLthi/l 7 ' . and 



still favourable, advantage should be taken of i for fo Pr0V,ng 

 a n , v P e h ral ' ons . ,ha ^ could not be attended to last mon 

 >iady the digging and trenching of vacant ground"/" Vhi'ch 



rwarding 



three times^ 



Hayes near Uibrldge, as many as you can of the 'Cater Sna ? 

 Si!?t*^ BSV»« insid « by a piece of cS ^ ' ^ 



advise you. Th6se yon sent were annihi i*fZi \ "* lie wUI 

 Do they destroy the foliage only ? R ann,hilated b V Pressure. 



anures.-J. w. J.-Pigeons' manure is excessively power- * 



are growing in a low temperature rat he t fr e and q{ 



week, is- the cause of their ^f^h^thf pott are properly 

 flower-buds dropping off. S ee . ^^^j^ ta a tempera- 

 drained, water sparingly, and P lac f^ e s K" recover.!-;^ 

 ture of about 50°, and they will g™J^ CocaiaWJ 

 Nl> rice.-A good description of pit tor^r * jin S tA 



Melons, &c, in, when to«« D ^™l,2l f given atp-^j 

 heating, is the Heckfield, a plan of whx = ffijenat 



vol. 1843; but if hot water '» J'nks is u adractag- 



p. 102 of the present year may be ^W^ni 1g£ 



***As usual, many communications have o reqUIS ite » 



and others are unavoidably detained till 

 quiries can be made. 



