810 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[Dec. 7, 



K 



held 



be 



OWL AGRICULTURAL IKTV OF KMi 



LAND.-ANNUAL COUNTRY MEETING of 1845, to bj 

 at SHREWSBURY, in the North Wales District, compria 

 in* 'the Counties of Anglesey, Carnarvon, Merioneth, Montgo- 

 mery. Det l'lint, Chester, Salop, and Stafford. The Prizes 

 are open to general competition. Forms of Certificate to be 

 procured on application to the Secretary, 12, Hanover square, 

 London. All Certifi ates for Implements must be returned, 

 filled up, to the Secretary, on or before the 1st of May, and an 

 other Certificate* by the 1st of June; the Council havin- de- 

 cked that in no case whatever shall any Certificate be received 



after those dates respectively. 



Prizes for I>iP«< visu thk Brekd of Cattlk. — uu*. 

 0torf-/><,rn«.-CLA8«l. To the , ner of the best Bull caved 

 previously to the 1st of January, 1843,30/.; to the owner of the 

 second best do. do., 151.-2. To the owner of the best Bull 

 calved since the 1st of January, 1813, and more than one year 

 old, 20/. -3. Tothe owner <>t the best Cow in milk or in calf, 

 l- >. In case of the Cow being tn mV and not in milk the 

 Prize will not he given until she is certified to have produced a 

 ealJo-4. Tothe owner of the best in-calf Heiier. not exceed; ng 

 three vears old 15L-5. To the owner ot the best Yearling 

 5! J"r!?o/ -6 To the owner of the best Bull-calf, not exceed- 



in ^e/^ r -cLi°.e I. To the owner of the best Bull calved 

 previously to the 1st of January, 1843, 30/. , to the owner of the 

 second .t do. do., 15/. -2. To the owner of the best Bull 

 r Uved since the 1st of January. 1813, and more than one year 

 oUi oo/ —3. To the owner of the-best Cow in milk or in calf, 15/. 

 (In'the case of the cow being in calf, and not in milk, the Prize 

 will not be given until she is certified to have produced a calf.; 

 4 To the owner of the best in-calf Heifer, not exceeding three 

 vears old, I5/.-5. Tothe owner of the best Yearling Heifer, 

 io/.-fi. Tothe owner of the best Bull-calf, not exceeding one 



} jVroiii.— CUM I- To the owner of the best Bull calved pre- 

 v dy to the lstof January, 1813, 30/.; to the owner of the 

 p, ^d>. do, 15/.-2. To the owner of the best Bull 



c the 1st of January, 1813, and more than one year 



' -3 To the owner of the best Cow in milk or in calf, 15/. 



I n< case of the Cow being in calf, and not in milk, the Prize 

 will M.t be given until she is certified to have produced a calf.) 

 -t To the owner of the best in-calf Heifer, not exceeding 



■ years old, 15/. — r,. To the owner of the best Yearling 

 fer, lO/.-fi. To the owner of the best Bull-calf, not exceeding 



one year old, 10/- .... » « «.v. «U— 



Cattle of any Breed (not qualified to compete in the fore- 

 going classes). -Class 1. To the owner of the best Bull calved 

 pre usly to the 1st of January, 1843, 20/.; to the owner of the 

 Second- best ditto, 10/.-2. To the owner of the best Bull calved 

 since the lstof January, 1843, and more than one year old, 15/. 



— ■:. To the owner of the best Cow in milk or in calf, 15/. (In 

 the ise of the cow being in calf, and not in milk, the prize 

 will not be given until she Is certified to have produced a calf.) 



— i. To the owner of the best in-calf Heifer, not exceeding 

 three vears old, 10/.— 5. To the owner of the best Yearling 



Heifer' 10/. 



HORSES. 



Class 1. To the owner of the best Stallion for Agricultural 

 Purposes, of any age, 30/. ; to the owner of the second-best 

 do. ( is/.— 2. 'To the owner of the best three years old do., 

 15/.— 3. To the Owner of the best two years old do., 15/.— 4. To 

 the owner of the best Mare and Foal for Agricultural Purposes, 

 20/. ; to the owner of the second-best do., 10/.— 5. To the owner 

 of ihc best two years old Filly, 10/.— 6. To the owner of the i 

 best Thorough bred Stallion, which shall have served mares at 

 a price not exceeding 3 guineas -md with a groom'* fee of not 

 more than 5*.) in the season of 18»5, 30/. 



SHEEP. 



PRIZES FOR IJtPROVlN'fi Tlir. BRYBD OF Shkep.— 1845. 



/ .(/.n-Ci.Ass 1. To the owner of the best Shearling 

 Ra: to the owner of the second best do., 15/.— 2. To the 



owner of the best Rim of any other age, 30/. ; to the owner of 

 the «-eenud-bcst do„ 15/.— 3. To the owner of the best pen of five 

 She ri Df Ewes, 10/. ; to the owner of the second-best do., 5/. 



South-down Sh .—Class I. To the owner of the best Shear- 

 ling Ham, 3D/. ; to the owner of the second best do., 3 5/.— 2. To 

 the owner of the best Rain of any other age, 80/. ; to the owner 

 of tJ second-best do., 15/— 3. To the owner of the best pen of 

 five Shearling Ewes, 10/.; to the owner of the second-best do., 5/. 



/, Woolled Sheep. (Nut qualified to compete as Leice^ters.) 

 —Class I. To the owner of the best Shearling Ram, 30/. j to 

 the owner of the second-best do., 15/.— 2. To the owner of the 

 best Ram ot any other age, 30/. ; to the owner of the second- 

 best uo.. 15/. — 3. To the owner of the best pen of five Shearling 

 Ewes, 10/. j to the owner of the second-best do. do., 5/. 



Sharp best adapted to a Mountain District.— Class 1. Tothe 

 owner of the best Ram of any age, 15/. ; to the owner of the 

 second-best do., 10/.; to the owner of the third-best do., 51.— 

 2. To the owner of the best pen of Ewes of any age, 10/. ; to the 

 owner jf the gecond-best do., 5f*. 



PIGS. 



Class 1. Tothe owner of the best Boar of a large breed, 10/.; 

 to the owner of the second-best do. do., 5/. — 2. To the owner of 

 the best Boar of a small breed, 10/. ; to the owner of the second- 

 best do. do., 5/.— 3. To the owner of the best breeding Sow, of a 

 large breed, in/. — ». To the owner of the best breeding Sow, of 

 a small breed, 10/.— 5. To the owner of the best pen of three 

 breeding Sow-pigs, of the same litter, above four and under ten 

 months old, 10/. 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 

 A sum not exceeding 300/. 



CUees'.—To the exhibitor of the best cwt. of Cheese (of any 

 kind) made within the cistrict, 10/. To the exhibitor of the 

 sec :d-best do'., 5/. 



Extra Stork, Roots, andS< ,-.— For Extra Stock, of any kind, 

 not shown tor any of the above Prizes, and for Roots, Seeds, &c, 

 Prizes may be awarded and apportioned, by the Committee and 

 Judges, to an amount not exceeding in the whole 50/. 



Any New Implement.— For the invention of any new Agricul- 

 tural Implement, such sum as the Council may think proper 

 to award. 



See I Wheat, Barley, and Oats.— J. Fifteen Sovereigns, or a 

 Piece of Plate of that value, will be given to the exhibitor at 

 the Meeting at Shrewsbury of the best 14 bushels of white 

 "Whe; if the harvest of 1844, and grown by himself. 



II. Fifteen Sovereigns, or a Piece of Plate of that value, will 

 be given to the exhibitor at the Meeting at Shrewsbury of the 

 best 14 bushels of red Wheat, of the harvest of 1844, and grown 

 by himself. 



III. Ten Sovereigns, or a Piece of Plate of that value, will 

 be given to the exhibitor at the Meeting at Shrewsbury of the 

 be^t 11 bushels of spring Wheat, of the harvest of 18*41, and 

 grown by himself. 



IV. Ten Sovereigns, or a Piece of Plate of that value, will be 

 given to the exhibitor at the Meeting at Shrewsbury of the 

 best 1 I bushels of Barley for malting, of the harvest of 1844, and 

 grown by himself. 



V. Ten Sovereigns, or a Piece of Plate of that value, will be 

 given to the exhibitor at the Meeting at Shrewsbury of the best 



II bushels of Oats, of the harvest of 1814, and grown by himself. 

 Competitors are requested to send with their Wheat, Barley, 



or Oats, specimens, fairly taken, of the same in the ear, with 

 the whole of the Straw, in a sheaf not less than one foot in 

 diameter, and with the roots attached. 



[J 2 bushels of the Wheat, Barley, or Oat* , will be sealed up 

 by the Director or Stewards, and one of the remaining bushels 

 of each variety will be exhibited as a sample to the public ; 

 the other being kept for comparison with the produce of the 

 next year. At the General Meeting in December, 1846, the 

 Prizes will be awarded.] 



The two best samples of each of these ci«~.«m f wheat, 

 Barley, or Oats, without at that time distinguishu. . j n a „y 

 of the cases, between the comparative merit^of either saiL^t*. 

 will be selected bv the Judges appointed (jjr the Meeting at 

 Shrewsbury; and will be sown, under the direction of the 

 Council (the winter Wheats in the autumn of 1845, and the 

 spring Wheat not earlier than. the lstof March, 1846), by four 

 farmers, who will make their report, upon which the Prizes 

 will be awarded, provided there be sufficient merit in any of the 

 samples. 10/. will be given at the Meeting at Shrewsbury to 

 each exhibitor whose Wheat has been selected for trial, and 6/. 



for the Barley or Oats. 



*** No variety which has been selected for trial at any pre- 

 vious Show shall be qualified to compete in the same class. 



ESSAYS AN P REPORTS ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS. 



Priju^for 1815. — prize essays. 



1 . Farming offmhnghamshire.— Fifty Sovereigns, or a Piece 

 of Plate of that" value, will be given for the best Report on the 

 Farming of e Count}- of Nottingham. Competitors will be 

 expected to describe the different varieties of soil which prevail 

 in the county, the ordinary mo'des cf farming and courses of 

 cropping adopted accordingly in its various districts, and to 

 sta'e how far any peculiar practices in its husbandry are or are 

 not justified by peculiarities of soil or climate. They will also 

 be expected to state what improvements have been made in the 

 farming of Nottinghamshire since the Report of Mr. Robert 

 Lowe in the year 1798 ; and especially to point out what farther 

 improvements ought to be effected, either by better farming on 

 land already cultivated, or by taking new land into cultivation. 



2. Farming of Cornwall.— Fifty Sovereigns, or a Piece of 

 Plate of that value, will be given for the best Report on the 

 Farming of the County of Cornwall. Competitors will be 

 expected to describe the different varieties of soil which prevail 

 In the county, the ordinary modes of farming and courses of 

 cropping adopted accordingly in i*s various districts, and to 

 state how far any peculiar practices in its husbandry are or 

 are not justified by peculiarities of soil or climate. They will 

 also be expected to state what improvements have been made 

 In the farming of Cornwall since the Report of Mr. G. B. Wor- 

 gan, in the year 181 1 ; and especially to point out what farther 

 improvements ought to be effected, either by better farming on 

 land already cultivated, or by taking new land into cultivation. 



3. Farming of Kent,— Fifty Sovereigns, or a Piece of Plate of 

 that value, wil» be given for the best Report on the Farming of 

 the County of Kent. Competitors will be expected to describe 

 the different varieties of soil which prevail in the county, the 

 ordinary modes of farming and courses of cropping adopted 

 accordingly in its various districts, and to state how far any 

 peculiar practices in its husbandry are or are not justified by 

 peculiarities of soil or climate. They will also be expected to 

 state what improvements have been made in the farming of Kent 

 since the Report of Air. John Boys, in 1805 ; and especially to 

 point out what farther improvements ought to be effected, 

 either by better farming on land already cultivated, or by taking 

 new land into cultivation. 



4. Heath Land.— Twenty sovereigns, or a piece of plate of 

 that value, will be given for an account of the best method of 

 reclaiming heath-laud. Competitors will be required to describe 

 methods which have been successfully adopted iu the reclaim- 

 ing of h ath-land, reference being had especially to the follow- 

 ing points :— 1. The mode of breaking up, whether by paring 

 and burning, or by simple ploughing. 2. The application of 

 lime. 3. The course of cropping. 4. The conversion of heath- 

 land into pasture, where either the steepness of the land, or its 

 elevation above the sea, does not allow the culture of corn. 



5. One- Horse Carts.— Ten Sovereigns, or a Piece of Plate of 

 that value, will be given for the best Essay on the advantages 

 of One-horse Carts. Competitors will be required to point out 

 the saving in horse-labour, and other advantages which un- 

 doubtedly arise from substituting l -horse carts for waggons. 



6. Catch- Sfeaiowg.— Twenty Sovereigns, or a Piece ol Plate 

 of that value, will be given for the best Essay on Catch-Mea- 

 dows. Competitors will be required to describe the best and 

 cheapest method of forming water-meadows on the sides of 

 natural slopes, as practised in Somersetshire and Devonshire ; 

 the mode of managing them, and of applying their produce; 

 the increase of value thereby given to unproductive hill-sides ; 

 and to state how far this mode of improvement might be applied 

 to the mountainous districts of Wales and the North of England. 



7. Fences — Twenty Sovereigns, or a Piece of Plate of that 

 value, will be given for the best Essay on Fences. Competitors 

 will be required to describe the best and neatest mettiods of 

 maintaining hedges, whether for arable or for grazing ground ; 

 and to point out how far the present fences in various parts of 

 England are injurious to the farmer, whether by their size, 

 their excess in number, or the over-abundance of timber which 

 they contain. jg$ 



8. Fattening Cattle.— Ten Sovereigns, or a Piece of Plate of 

 that value, will be given for an account of the best method of 

 fattening cattle ; as to the places tn which they are kept, large 

 or small yards or staQs ; as well as the food, roots, hay, &c. on 

 which they are fed during the time of fatting. 



9. Tile yards.— Twenty Sovereigns,; or a Piece of Plate of that 

 value, will be given for the cheapest and best method of esta- 

 blishing a Tile-yard. Competitors will be required to attend to 

 the following points :— 1 . Mode of working the clay, according 

 to its quality. 2. Machine for making the tiles. 3. Sheds for 

 drying the tiles. 4. Construction of the kiln. 5. Cost of form- 

 ing the establishment. 6. Cost of the tiles when ready for sale. 



10. Curing Butter. — Fifty Sovereigns, or a Piece of Plate of 

 that value, will be given for the best description of the Dutch 

 method of salting butter ; pointing out the causes of its supe- 

 riority to other salted butters. 



11. Experiment in Agriculture. — Twenty Sovereigns, or a 

 Piece of Plate of that value, will be given lor an account of the 

 best Experiment in Agriculture. 



These Essays must be sent to the Secretary, at 12, Hanover- 

 square, London, on or before March l>t, 1845. 



Twenty Sovereigns, or a Piece of Plate of that value, offered 

 by the Right Hon. Lord Kenyon, will bs given at the Annual 

 Country Meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society, to beheld 

 at Shrewsbury in 1845, for the best Account of the Use of Gorse 

 for tne Food of Cattle, Horses, or Sheep, founded on actual ex- 

 periment. Competitors will be required to state the following 

 points: l.The quality of land on which the Gorse is grown. 

 2. The age of the plant when cut. 3. The mode and expense of 

 cutting. 4. The mode and expense of preparing for food. 

 5. The mode of feeding with Gorse, and the quantity of other 

 food given therewith. 



Essays competing for this Prize must be sent to the Secretary, 

 at 12, Hanover-square, on or before May i, 1845. 



Rules of Competition for Prize Essays. — \. All information 

 contained in Prize Essays shall be founded on experience or 

 observation, and not on simple reference to books, or other 

 sources. 2. Drawings, specimens, or models drawn or con- 

 structed to a stated scale, shall accompany writings requiring 

 them. 3. All competitors shall inclose their names and ad- 

 dresses in a cover, on which only their motto, and the subject 

 of their Essay, and the number of that subject in the Prize List 

 of the Society, shall be written. 4. The President or Chairman 

 of the Council for the time being, shall open the cover on which 

 the motto designating the Essay to which the Prize has been 

 awarded is written, and shall declare the name of the author. 

 5. The Chairman of the Journal Committee shall alone be em- 

 powered to open the motto paper of such Essays, not obtaining 

 the Prize, as he may think likely to be useful for the Society's 

 objects, with a' view of consulting the writer confidentially as 

 to his willingness to place such paper at the disposal of the 

 Journal Committee. 6. The copyright of all Essays gaining 

 prizes, shall belong to the Society, who shall accordingly have 

 I the power so publish the whole or any part of such Essays; 



and the other E ys will b.' returned on the application of the 

 writers; but the Society do not make themselves responsible 

 for their loss. 7. The Society are not bound to award a prize 

 'less they consider one of the Essays deserving of it. 8. In 

 all reports of experiments the expenses shall be accurately 

 detailed. 9. The imperial weights and measures only are those 

 by which calculations are to be made. 10. No prize shall be 

 given for any Essay which has been already in print. 11. Prizes 

 may be taken in money or plate, at the option of the successful 

 candidate. 12. All Essays must be addressed to the Secretary 

 at the house of tte Society. 



(By Order ofehe Council) James Hl'usok, Secretary. 

 ADDRESS TO THE PLANTERS OF ENGLAND 



TRUE HIGHLAND PINE-TREE.^. 

 My Loros, Ladies, avd Gevtlemrv,- The time has 

 come when all those who have waste lands at their disposal 

 sho 1 Id plant them. Of this I am fully persuaded, and I beg 

 you will allow me to explain on what grounds this opinion is 

 rounded. England, generally, is a thickry-wooded country 

 yet, strange though it may appear, it has not been planted with 

 any view to meet its most urgent wants. If the poor farmer 

 require an outhouse built for his cattle, he cannot have it be- 

 cause there is no deal-wood in the neighbourhood : he builds it 

 therefore of whins, orof any other rubbish hecanlayhrhi of. In- 

 stead of having plenty of tir-wood on all hands to fence yoang 

 hedges, planted like other things on the common surface of the 

 ground, military-like fortifications have been raised to divide 

 fields, occupying as much good land as is contained in three of 

 the largest counties of Britain : it is on those banks ineffectual 

 attempts have been made to grow hpdges. After the lstof 

 March, when the Royal Agricultural Society's Prize on fences 

 shall have been awarded, a great proportion of the hedges 

 throughout England will be reconstructed by planting them on 

 the plain surface; and the question will then arise, "Where is 

 the w*ood to protect them In their young state to come from ?" 

 Turning to the railways which are now being formed in every 

 county in England, another and greater question arises as to 

 the supply of wood which will be required in their construction 

 Go up, j am told, to the Lebanons of our island those immense 

 forests in the north of Scotland - and there hew down as many 

 trees as will be required. From those, however, I find we must 

 expect but a limited supply. Like the famous Mount of old, they 

 are already overrun with the axe, and a continuance of tt>e pre- 

 sent rate of demand for a few years more will reduce the trees 

 upon them to a mere remnant. IT is not the original numbers 

 required f6r sleepers which will effect this change, but it is the 

 incessant demand, ad infinitum, for timber to replace that 

 which is already laid down, or may befor the future laid down 

 in additional lines. Lo ik at it how we may, the state of oar 

 country at the present crisis prov s lhat our immpnse and 

 almost measureless tracts of what is generally called wasteland 

 were not created to be a scene merely of unproductive solitude. 

 The rains with which they are refreshed, and the fostering sun- 

 shine that rests upon them, might have taught us that Provi- 

 dence had designed them to contribute in some way or other to 

 the wants of man ; and though Nature has been unable to lead 

 us to comprehend her lesson, eo simply brought before us, 

 necessity has at length compelled us to look to those districts 

 where only a sufficient quantity of timber can be raised to meet 

 our increasing wants. Now, then, is the time to plant: where- 

 ever there is a waste piece of ground, moor, or mountain, let it 

 be forthwith invested with trees, for every year, for many years 

 to come, will unquestionably bring with it an additional demand 

 for timber. Thus far on the necessity of planting. Allow me 

 next to bring under notice the sort of tree I would recommend 

 to be planted, which is the chief aim of this Address. That tree 

 is the TRUE HIGHLAND PINE, for introducing which, I had 

 the honour, along with my brother, of" receiving the Highland 

 Society's prize. It is admrably fUted, in every respect, to take 

 possession of all the uplands throughout England. It will grow 

 freely on all soils Suitable for the common Pine; its wood Is 

 very durable ; and for railway sleepers it is unrivalled. Bnnd- 

 ley, the celebrated engineer, considered its durability equal to 

 that of the Oak ; and Dr. Smith states, in the T-ansactwns of the 

 Highland Society of Scotland, that he has seen some of It 

 taken down after it had been 300 years in the roof of an old 

 castle, as fresh and full of resin, as newly imported timber 

 from Memel, and that it was actually worked up into new 

 furniture. "Such," says Loudon, -is the durability of this 

 wood, that while the bog timber of the Birch is often found re- 

 duced to a pulp, and the Oak cracks into splinters as it dries, 

 the heart of this Pine remains fresh, embalmed m its own 



turoentine." .„ .„ nAA m 



My Lords, Ladies and Gentlkmev, -Allow me to add a 



word or two on the merits of this tree as a andscapc s orna- 

 ment. In this respect it rivals, if ^ot me\s 9 t^e Cedar of 

 Lebanon. It has, at any rate, a much better rammcaUon .than 

 the Cedar ; for, as Mr Walter Scott observes, it assumes ma 

 great measure the bold and contorted figure of t he Oak : in 

 illustrating the Seats of Norfolk '.and the remark is apphc able 

 to all England), it frequently occurred to me tha t «-™^ h e ^ 

 not been taken of prominent ^^^J^l^^, 



f grandeur for which 



with the fall of the leaf; but were they ornamented v.. hi ns 

 Pine, its broad umbrageous canopy regaining green during 

 winter, the change consequent upon ^e approach of winder 

 would be much less observed, and our -country reside '«* * 

 at all times be surrounded with the dignified accompanu 

 so consistent with their character. . , accepted 



The importance of this subject will, I doubt not, to accep 



as an apology for my thus venturing -to ' eX P^ SS s ^ c ° st o n as to 

 plainly on matters of English practice My W^ 1 , tf0 . 



with grand evergreen trees ; for so soon as November cornt*. 

 our narks lose almost all that weight of pndett -for which 



ence, ocing luny persiinueu ti at .»"-»•» refined teste. I 

 England has been always distinguished for its jenne u L 



am ready to dispose of the Highland Pines at the folio 



prices:— 6rf.each. 



Single Plants, strong and well rooted ••-•.,., per 100. 

 Strong Plants, 18 to 20 inches high . • • ^ $ , o0f)> 

 Strong Plants, 15 to 18 inches . • • • 1000 . 



Smaller-sized Plants for -exposed £™*™™& £JlcM 

 I have the honour to be, My Lords, panics, a. 



Your most humble Servant, 

 JAMES GRIGOR, Nurseryman, Norw^cn. 



HITNKY'S PATENT CLOTH for COVERING 



* f GREEN-HOUSES, CUCUMBER or ME ^K p rTj. D 

 This Cloth is made expressly for the parpc* c of # 

 Whitney's Composition ^upon, and 1S much n re <m ^ 



anv other material: when ^^^J^^XcomnosiilonUit 

 transparent. The perfect success of \\ hitney s Comp ^ 



all Horticultural P^ ??/*.^ Vine 



r^tTn ^ borue^^ ^ ^ 



wfth Calico, and coated with Composition. On the is t or * P 

 Tbunch of Grapes was cut weighing 1 6* ounces, the rmt *r 

 finely coloured, and the Uffftr '^^JSX^Simkli 

 sample was sent up to the Editor of 1 1 ^ i ™" 1 , the foliage 

 for his inspection. The tree grew very lux m :i n" > , «i f 



very fine, and the wood ripened exceedingly well, 

 protection it is infinitely warmer Jhan 1 glass , ncd 



The PATENT CLOTH and COMPOSITION can . u t 



of Messrs. Butler & Muckley. Covent Garden Marked 



Ul _ _ .- ,, ■ » i An ii n M ctrnnf . Warner & Warner v ' u ' ,„,-i 



hampton 



