1841] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



831 



it appears as if anii (preferred a dry, wit J Lanti : is ! | tta d 



a vigorous, fresh one, as bo d icy do. When high 



winis hive strewed the ground with ? U branches of 

 trees, particularly '>he Ash, the observer may notice tir.it 

 hares and ra ft do not baric their bran >s till er 

 they have I -in a few days, and ha» ae jred and 



made tit for food. 



This circumstance led me to reflect that it i ild be a 

 more certain way of ra Oak plants— and it is pr. 



bably the case with seeds of other In jo\ in- 



tended to be planted were to be prepared aj 

 Acorns.ii of planting the trees: accord in ;t 



ten years ago, I prepared a few -es ol I, in the i 

 mediate neighbourhood of a fox-cov ill of rabbits, whic 

 increased, in spite of their enemies, the fox and * owed 

 it with Acorns, without any fence \ to keep off 



the rabbits. The Acorns re sown in , far apart, 



with a view to clean the ground from weeds as the k 



plants came up, and also for the i ty < splanting 



the 0*ks, if requited. The ( line up in plenty, but 



not very regularly, some not aj>; ring for nearly two 

 years; which was all against the rhnent, iently 



occasioned by some of the Acorns having en sown too 

 deep— a great error in seed-sow iqg : 1 ever, with this 



disadvar, ,e, the edlings fa beat t t>-, and 



even afforded protection to a colony of bares, th 

 took refuge in the cover of the young s. Besides the 

 casualties among the seediit >ve 500 were annui 



transplanted as single trees into vacancies in an old wood ; 

 and, in spite of hares and rabbit?, ny ; ded,tbou< 



outstripped in size and height by th in the seed- 



bed. This plantation was examined year, and the 



result v. as above described, n y of the trees varying 

 from the height of 10 to 12 feet. 



The plantation was regularly thin I out a few years 

 ago, and before long will req either thinning; part 



of it had been cultivate id on I art the treesgrow 



least well. As to the time of sowing the Acorns, I 

 should recommend following Nature, I tt is, sowing the 

 Acorns when they drop ripe from the tree ; they then 

 soon vegetate, after which mice will not touch them, for 

 they appear moit fond of them when dry ; p s are 



then, also, apt to scratch them up, for Ace, e many 



enemies to contend with, even before thev grow into 

 trees, but will beat them ail, if man gives them fair play 

 afterwards, in thinning, and judicious, moderate pruning. 



rounded, with a small black* ere on each I • D .,,. _ ( o; . . , . ,^ 



:el!us oneacnsiceof the ' 



side, and a very minute black oe 



crown ; the protb x is no: much broader than the head, 

 <nd the aiitrunk is the broadest part of the ani J ; the 

 tides e convex, r. ,ined, and • htly green, from the 

 incipient w throu ;h ; the anlennie and leg» 



e short and ochreous : the former are filiform and live- 

 jointed, the latter are tapering and simple. When these 



Pupae are suffici y developed, they fix themselves by 



their feet and crawl out of their skins, which are of a 



yellowish-white colour, and remain sticking to the leaves; 



as scon as they have cast off their coats, th< 

 considerably snorter and of a greenish colour ; the 

 crump'ed and contracted k ,s ai >read out like little 

 b: it green pinions. One of the ; a> whicl 



paring tod , havi ; attached itself, w about 



a little for some ti ■ to contract itself and determ 

 the fluids to its thorax. I then perceived a st ' white 

 margin to I tail, which wa ie loose skin thats rtly 

 formed a wrinkle down the 1 k ; this was followed by 

 a crack along the thorax, wh , wid 

 to the head, and became by degrees sufficiently enl i 

 to allow the head t<» ( ,e, slid 5 out so* grade y 

 that it was scarcely po to deb Ct any motion ; yet 



shortly after, the it pair of legs was 1 r 



down, and so of the other two pairs succes ; b 



they were not used, as I expected, to assi 



it ; and when the tail a ne rei ' w 



skin, the an : mal ra! I and depr ed it- y, 



with unusual force, cmpl ng its legs a litl ,e 



antennas .-ere set at liberty and \ ati: nd this 



seemed to be the most d; ult part of the t on, for 



I observed two of 1, j about with the exuvise 



still adhering. to their ti . Immed ly after its birth 

 it appeared very weak on its 1 , but soon wal 



a vertical position, where it remained nearly quiet, ti 

 wings expanding and becoming paler, until in 1 



minutes they were com; I 

 that the entire change did 

 minutes. 



b paier, until in twenty 

 velo; , and I think 

 it occupy more than forty 



"* ENTOMOLOGY. 

 .,T nE Stoics-cone ( ll Aphis— (Sacehi phonies 



Abi<:lis.)—lhe economy of an insect, probably nearly 

 related to the present one, was discussed in my last Essay, 

 and I shall now give a detailed account of" the anima 



which cause the curious pseudo-cones, so much rassmblipg 

 the genuine fruit of the Spruce, upon winch they are 

 formed, that even naturalists have b a deceived, and 

 mistaken them for a 1 lification of the cones. 



In the third vol. of ihis V^ptv, p. CoO, will be found 

 a good figure of a 

 sprig of the Spruce 

 Fir, exhibiting ese 

 galls, and one which 

 I divided longitu- 

 dinally showed the 



structure represent- 

 ed at fig. 1, exposing 

 eight cells on one 

 side and nine on the 

 other ; but there 

 were probably 50 

 cells altogether, r.s 

 they were packed 

 all round the cir- 

 cumference in about 

 12 rows ; the woody 

 stalk passed through 

 the centre unaffect- 

 ed, but the Ic 



was greatly thick- 

 ened by the secre- 

 tions injected by the 

 female insect when 

 the eggs were depo- 

 sited, and forming 



ovalcellsexceedingly , 



smooth inside, and oj th a tran i suture or 



mouih, which is clc JO b ;a " bas :n 



fed, perfected, and changed to •; the 



upper lip projects, the v r ; s lobed in the centre, 



and 8U] rted by the leaf, which is very short, and 

 forced back as this lip re< is from the u ir one, to 

 alloy the insects to issue forth. 



In the aing of last August some of the Spruce 



Fir galls weirt : t to me from L produced 



winged and wingless S] in mullitu e latt 



being the pupa. Tne g: were produce,} towards the 

 tops of tbi twigs, but there were your . and smaller 

 excrescences formed above them, which e solid whe 

 cut through, and these, of course, kept tip ssion 



of broods. Towards the end of the same month I found 

 two spikes of ti galls on a Spruce Fir ; they were beau- 

 tifully formed, of a charming green colour, and looked 

 like Pine-apples in miniature: on pull ; off the scales 

 I found the flesh-coloured larvre powdered over; they 

 were similar to the pupre (fig. 4), and it is I think clesr 

 that these weie the off i ig of eggs deposited early in 

 the year ; they were imbedded as usual in somewhat im- 

 perfectly -formed cells (fig. 2), the partitions appearing 

 like a resinous exudation. The pupae ~re of a lead colour, 

 being covered with a kind of powder or bloom ; the head 



The perfect insect (fig. 5, natural s'ze ; G, magnified 

 nd flying), is of a dull yellowish or ochreous green ; th 

 eyes are black, remote, and granulated, and close to each 

 on the crown is a bright ocellus ; the antennas and legs 

 are transparent green, the former are short and five- 

 jointed, the latter have biirticulate tarsi and very minute 

 claws ; the rostrum is somewhat short and rests between 

 the anterior coxa? ; the wings are greenish-white, the 

 superior having a portion of the costa very bright green ; 

 the costal nervure the strongest, the others are very in- 

 distinct ; the first forms an oval apical cell, the second 

 is oblique, as well as the third, but this is curved at its 

 origin. The head and thorax become blackish as they 

 get older and rubbed, and the wings after death fade to 

 a pale brownish tint, and the costal nervures become 

 rosy. Most of those which hatched under my glass bell 

 were males, but a few had more acumin d t , and 

 ;e, I suspected, might be females, but I had no further 



evidence. 



As there are excellent characters for distir \hing 

 this group from Eriosoma, especially in the neuration ot 



e wings, which sre strikingly different, I shall propose 

 the generic terra of Sac chip}, , or sack makers, for 



the.ro, and I think it exceedingly probable that the 

 Larch species will associate with this group. Linnaeus 

 named our insect Chermes Pini Abietis, and De Geer 

 described it as the Aphis gallarum Abietis. — liuricola. 



n e La: que, and like it, somewhat tender in 



v.i: ' r rather in the spri . at the rise of the not 



■p free no fall off when 



the Oower is cut for bosquets ; its cl . . due lying in 

 its ity. 



R .—Rapid in sro , free in flower, fragrant in 

 smell, the bestsds] I arbours and lattice*** , and 



may be trained and cot with perfect facility. 



Bracleata wlorai \a< — Desira .era wall as 



an nvergreen ; but th rdo«suote>. ad: this Rw 

 differs from the iria I >, in b- ; mors vigorous 



and yi ; buds with -ct js more. ! 



growth rapid, its bra a tortuou ippearan wild. 



I Nassau, J I J nc, ! P tr- 



ite.- r wild gro ud si k .. s one 



f which train well. 



B nus. — Colour spl lid, e larcr, shape perfect, 



scent vei ous in growth ns much wood 



> be left iu b< by, tad perhaps the 



handsomest Rose of tl er k vn. 



I . — Colour hi; .th nrrong, moves well, 



owa fo fast it shot. be left long in one place, 



i. r ■ be iDSplanted. 



/'. Perpet .— P jrr in flower, healthy, 



vigorous, 1, and hardy. 



I- X •— ryf , ai ally in flower. 



lloui Xoist . — 1 ,ut ; dl; not so 



vigoi i as many oil. 



Con >>, .. ,—.<i cen but the colour 



is clear, and iinht of -r.»wt! 



I* 0h l -~ -si \ , coloured ; singular 



in appearaooe. 



J iard t Can - d,- I us, Blairii, I mil 



A is, Dr,Roake % Perpei X ty, Belle j 



Princesse L c, P A' .—Colour 



intensely bright, wood h sliy, growth bee. 



NDARDS [D ARFS, 



Brennvs, Mo t de L. 1 ri, 



dc Venus, — l'iower in bunches freely, colour 

 delicate, growth free. 



Queen 0/ Bourbons, Qu n. of Belgian*. — Beautiful 

 colour. 



Archduke i irhs. — Colon r dark and uncommon, 

 foliage particularly rich, 1 at hrge. 



Napoleon Bourbon.— « ues late in flower. 



AUt de Bourbon. — Colour bright, and flowers 



produced twice. 



L'isle de Bourbon. — Colour bright; flowers once only. 

 Be ")n _ tin. Dr. Billiard, Xiiselte Bougain- 



• — Free in flower, colour rosy lilac. 

 NoUetU Fellenb* rtj. — Colour bright, growth free. 



Belle Auffutte t Vivoru . Charles Auguste, Madame 

 Hardy. — Vigorous in growth, colour brilliant white. 



Enehanirt ormalin >■ very double, no scent, 



healthy grower. 



Jo iue Antoinette.— Formal in growth, perpetual, 

 scent tine. 



Bourbon Fans fine, A* 'e Pceomfiora. Arid, 

 An Perpetual, Madame Lafay, Pere B l f 



La Biche, 1 hrosyne, Xoisett 'e Luj irg. 



Smith's Yellow 2VoiseUe.— S iid yellow, opens 

 badly ; when r nosegays the buds should be - pened 



with the fingers or tie br< 1 ; scent fine.— A. II. B. 



NOTES ON AMERICAN PLANTS. 



ROSE GARDEN— No. XXII. 



[Continued frompnge 812.) 

 The following brief List may perhaps prove acceptable 

 to those who desire to collect some of the varieties most 

 desirable to possess ; no attempt has been made, bow- 

 ever, to classify them, with the exception of defining in 

 a slight degree the purposes for which they are most 

 adapted. 



CLIMBEItS OR STANDARDS. 



Lamar que. — Flower large and briLiant white, always 

 expands well, and every bud formed comes to maturity; 

 very fragrant, very free in the flower, which keeps and 

 blows well in water when cut; the foliage is good, the 

 growth rapid, but it requires much sun and some ma- 

 nagement in pruning; is rather delicate in some soils 

 and aspects, but is the most perfect of all Roses for 

 beauty, fragrance, colour, and freedom of flowering com- 

 bined, where it does succeed ; and it flowers twice, re- 

 maining each time long in beauty, the flowers being fre- 

 quently much above 12 inches in circumference. 



Madame Desprez.—A. most hardy climber, fragrant, 

 free in flower, fine in foliage, vigorous in growth ; it 

 stands at the head of the red climbers, as Lamarque of 

 white ; but although the flowers are neither so fragrant 

 nor so well expanded as the Lamarque, the wood is 

 more hardy and foliage more rich. 



[PROM PKHSnVAL O) ftTATIOlf.] 



{Cuninuedj 5j. 



Gerard'm qucrcifolia. — I was much pleased when, for 

 the fir.-t time, I saw this n cies in flower, and ima- 



gined that I had discovered a new plant; but on consult- 

 ing my American Flora I was soon undeceived. Of all 

 be herbaceous plants with which I am acquainted, there 

 are few, if any, that surpass I i in beauty. It grows 

 about three feet high, branching out about 18 inches 

 or two feet horizo '!y all up the stem, and loaded with 

 flowers as large as those of a Gloxinia, and of neaily the 

 same shape, the c r being of a brilliant yellow. This 

 beautiful plant, although 1 rown in England, is common 

 in many places iu the Si s. I found strong plants 

 growing in light sandy loam, and near the edges of wc 5, 

 exactly in such places as we often find the common Fox- 

 glove growing with us. Some of your readers having 

 correspondents in America, might easily procure seeds or 

 roots, and try their skill in fioweriug it : if they succeed 

 they will not begrudge the trouble. 



Gerardia f 1. — This may be called the yellow Fox- 

 glove of America — a most beautiful plant. The flowers 

 in size and colour are nearly the same as the preceding, 

 but growing with a single stem about three feet high, with 

 a densely covered spike of bright-yellow flowers as large 

 as the common Foxglove. It grows in situations similar 

 to G. querci folia. The best time to procure plants would 

 be in the month of June, before they begin to throw up 

 their flower-stems ; and plenty of seed may be obtained 

 In the autumn, as they seed freely. I am surprised that 

 these two beautiful plants are not as yet found in our 

 collections, and should be glad to hear of someone being 

 successful in their cultivation. I also met with two or 

 three annual species, which were very handsome, with 

 finely-divided foliage and small purple flowers, exactly 

 resembling Boronia pinnsta, when viewed at a little dis- 

 tance ; they would make beautiful pot-plants for autumn 

 sowing. 



Lialris.— This is a beautiful genus, containing species 

 well worthy the attention of ail plant-growers. The 

 npikes are of various forms and heights, some of the 

 kinds are nearly as graceful as llumea elegans, and all 

 produce the most inimitable brilliant purple flowers; 

 nothing can be more beautiful ; their bulbous roots are 



