6*>u 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



IV.— PINKK1ES. VIMiKiKS, &c. 



Pineries.— Daring the contlooaooe of severe frost, the tem- 

 perature <if the fniitinf-pit need not exceed 6o° night. The 

 other Fines may llto be kept a few degrees lower t'ian in mild 

 weather without Injury, if not with benefit. The fires necessary 

 to maintain a high temperature daring I vere fro-»t, are always 

 more or !e»s bijartoai to the plants, as a eorreap ding degree 

 of moisture cannot he beneficially maintained. Examine fre- 

 quently the plants near the pipes or flues, and supply water to 

 any that may require it. 



Fineries.— The beet time to s f art Vines for an early crop has 

 often been discnssc.I, and some attempts have been made to 

 have ripe Gra; in March, bv beginning to force in September 

 or October. J i« however, is not often done, November belli 

 the rime when i t gardeners begin to force their first bouse. 

 From my own experience, I am led to believe there is no diffi- 

 culty in getting (irapes early in March, even from Vines having 

 their roots outside Hie house; and I will shortly give my 

 reasons for so thinking, and my mode of practice. Vines to be 

 started between this time and Christmas should now have their 

 roots covered with leaves and stable litter, so as to create a 

 gentle heat in the border, In order to put the roots in advance 

 of the branches. Continue to keep the night temperature of 

 the vinery started in November at 50°, if the bods have not 

 began to swell generally, and sprinkle frequently the Vines and 

 the or of the house. Vines now breaking keep between 50° 

 and 55° by night, and 6u° by day. 



Peach-house. — Continue to keep the night temperature at 50°, 

 with a day temperature of 55°, allowing a rise of 10° or 15° with 

 sun-heat. As boon as the bios is begin toexpand, letasmall 

 portion of air be left on during the whole day, making up the 



deficiency of temperature by fire heat, if necessary. This is 



requisite to give .strength to the blossoms. Sprinkle the trees 

 frequently, until they are in bloom, after which only sprinkle 

 the floor and paths until the fruit is set. 



Cherry house.— This house may now be shut np, and kept at 

 a temperature of 45° with fire-heat. Cherry-trees are easily 

 excited; great caution should therefore be'used not to keep 

 them too warm. Giving air is not necessary, except during 

 sunshine, until the buds begin to expand, when it must be ad- 

 mitted at all farourablo opportunities. Plunge tree.s in pots in 

 •lightly- fermenting material.— G. F. 



V.— HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN-GARDEN. 

 The latter end of last week, and the commencement of the 

 present, would witnc uudanceof protecting operations. For- 

 tunate were those who had everything in readiness for the work, 

 for, though we had a warning of keen north-east! rly winds for 

 some time, yet IS or 10 degrees of frost has of late been so un- 

 common in the beginning of December, that many of us are 

 too apt to procrastinate, and say "It is time enough vet." 

 All the more tender vegetables, such as Cauliflower, Lettuce, 

 &c, previously secured, will now be found of great service 

 during the winter. The possession of rooms, or sheds, with 

 thick walls, and lathed and pl-istcred so as to be cool in sum- 

 mer, and warm In winter, or access to cellar-, r underground 

 rooms, will be of great advantage, as then a supply may be 

 maintained with comparatively little trouble, during either 

 severe weather in winter, or for a month or two of dry scorch- 

 ing weather in summer. The north side of a wall, with mate- 

 rial to keep out the wet, and leaves or straw, to keep out 

 the frost, may also be used with advantage. The passages 

 of an old-fashioned ice-house, to which access is requisite se- 

 veral days in the week, may also be used as a substitute for 

 cellars, &c. 1 tasted some Cauliflowers the other day, crisp, 

 and fine flavoured, that had been so kept for more than two 

 months. Storehouse.— Secure Potatoes from frost; examine 

 Onions, removing every one that has the smallest speck ; keep 

 a supply of Turnips, Celery, Jerusalem Artichokes, Hor ? e- 

 radish, &c., in case the frost should be apt to continue. Fruit. 

 room.— Keep the temperature as regular as possible, ranging 

 from 35° to 45° ; if allowed to rise higher, the fruit will ripen too 

 fast ; and if the fruit is frosted, the flavour will be apt to be in- 

 jured, besides being liable to rot, if it should be thawed sud- 

 denly. \\ hen it is desirable to render any sort fit for table, it 

 may easily be done by exposing it to a higher temperature, and 

 thus accelerating the saccharine fermentation. Forwarding — 

 Keep up a supply of herbs, such as Tarragon, Mint, &c, by 

 placing roots cither in pots or in Asparagus-frames at work, 

 the same thing may be done with Parsley, Chervil, &c, if you 

 are likely to be short. Fill pots or boxes with Rhubarb, Sea- 

 kale, Chicory, &c, to be placed in the Mushroom-house, or in 

 any corner where you can have heat and darkness at com- 

 mand. Those who have commenced Cucumbers, or have some 

 in a bearing state, will find considerable attention necessary, 

 where there is nothing but fermenting material to depend on. 

 J.out,ne.—\\ heel dung upon vacant ground ; remove old dc- 



L ay , e u „ ? crs / and drive S° od fresn loam *° form new ones. 

 Mulch all fresh-planted fruit-trees; protect the tops of those 

 the wood of which is not properlv ripened, with Fir-hranrhP* 



Stat* of the Weather near London farcbt week ending I - 13, 1844, at 



obter ved atthe Horticultural Garden, Chiatrii-k. 



Moon't 



ri>KC. 14, 



Nor. 



Fr.d. 



>: 



S 4t- 



7 



>un. 



1 



Men. 



9 



Tuei. 



lu 



Wed. 



11 



Thurs. 



II 



t v * rate* 



17 

 U 



m 



i 



2 



ABO 



Max~ 

 ■0.1 



30.294 



79 



'.J!9 



2 t JM2 



Min. 



8U.S 



80.SM 



'■ v • : 

 '.104 



80.044 

 -X750 



u 



Th 



Max 



3<» 

 84 



ft* 



as 



D 

 31 



KRMOMKTIR. 



-Min. I Mean 



Wind. Klin 



14 



-J u 



SO 



27 



20 



200 



28 



3O.0 



28 



30.0 



21 



2S0 



91 



275 



■113 I 30.057 31. S 93 1 



■-1 3 



E. 



E. 



N . K. 

 N B. 



N.K. 



N E. 



E. 





D*c. G-S»-vere fro«t j fttmtj wad fogey ; clear with severe frost at ni$Ut 



— 7— Frnary : overcast; huzy ; cloudy and f r<i«ty at n.*lit 



— a — Dry and fro«ty; ovr*r vnt ; iv.ld brisk XL win 1 ; cloudy and frosty 



— ?) — Frt»«ty ; overcast; bleak and cold ; nn f»rmly overcast 



— lo — Frosty ; cold and dry; over : throughout 



— 11 — Hazy ; densely overcast; dusky haze ; clear and frosty 



— It— Fofgf ; cold and overcast; rather bolster us at ni^ht. 



Mean temper ature of the we ek »3 dee belo*r the average. 



State of the Weather at Chiswiok during the last layears, for the ensuing 



Week ending Dec. 21, 1844. 



Ti.vsKcrs.— /. A. .V.~ The leaves m VMf ,■ ^ ^r 



been punctured earifL to^ *btfai 



Oth.rm.ec., but the s „eeies „,?»«' beVete,™ h£? °' ""• 

 are no specimens to be found n on them £ eimin **> •• thtre 

 ITT.— PAi/o-*<Maf.~Tiii8 plant does nor <i»ri' VA ~ i. 

 ment from the roots bv w"hich it°is attached l^T*' 

 means enough to render the branches iminZSL ' / no 

 roots in the earth. If you want ^M^^LS* 

 mass of it, you must do so by carefully putting a\i£ gh * 

 by cutting through the main branches paiu ° e " aii de-not 

 Lbschf.vauitias.-J. W. B.-Yonr treatment has been fa. 

 dicious. These plants do not require stove tempVraiur? I 

 do they like it. Full details of their manag^e^nnn 

 occupy more space than we can afford them at L Uld 

 period of the year. As soon a, the next Volu.neccrnmen^ 

 we shall give fu I practical directions for the m a ™~ ° * 

 of all such things. e mana &eraent 



Manures.— Hounslow.— Certainly, if you have no tanV t~.t u 

 the chamber-ley, pour it upon your beds ; thi\ isfi.SSS 

 letting it run to waste. But it is a bad way of am w 5™ * 

 Cannot you get an old wine hogshead or K nn.Pths„„ I. ?. • 



better than 



vay or a 



.. , . — sorneth 



sort, and when it smells throw in some ^pbate V frqaj 



gshead or something of that 



The highest temperature during thenbov* period occurred on the l?th» 

 18.!.'— therm. 57°; and the lowest on thel8th, 1841— therm. Id 3 . 



-c. „ ™ , , properly ripened, with Fir-branches, 



tern, &c. Clean old shreds not too much wasted for use, by 

 boiling them, and cut plenty of fresh ones. Deprive nails that 

 have been used, of the adhesive mortar, oVc, by heating them 

 red hot in an iron vessel ; and to prevent them from rustine 

 immerse them in oil before they cool. Anoint all trees ana 

 bashes that are pruned with a mixture of equal parts of cow- 

 flung, clay, soot, and lime, made to the consistence of paint 

 with strong soapsuds urine, or the rich drawings of the dunc- 



£2l! 5? d *S y ^ u P; uneat al1 Ln suc h weather ; let the wounds be 

 immediately daubed up with a thick composition of the same. 



™ JT r, * VI.— ARBORICULTURE. 



Old Woods.— As the weather has set in frosty, continue to fell 

 trees, and clear them away. Cut hedges, and forward any other 

 •work which can be done in frosty weather. 



Coppice.— The cutting of poles and other produce might bt 

 forwarded, where there is much to do in that way ; but Febru- 

 ary, March, and April is the best season for such work. 



1 oung Plantations.— Where there is much thinning to be 

 done, such weather as we now have is excellent for cutting out 

 Larches, ftc.j but such plants as are required to spring up 

 again, for underwood, to be headed off, should be left till the 

 spring months. 



^*'«-«w«.— Plashing and cutting these may be proceeded 



nursery Work.— Little can be done now in this department 

 jrnile the frost lasts. Secure the plants from hares and rab- 

 oits, if previously omitted ; and shelter tender plants from the 

 aeventy of the weather.— W. B. 



VII.-COTTAGERS' GARDENS. 



*„ # ? 0I \ mmi , that were cut down » disrooted, and repotted 



Sii e t~i° l i *Z I ln J auturnn ' should now » if th ey have been 

 Ztl \ I • '< b \ handsom e plants, and should be carefully pro- 



ll nflrT ,° S \ ! ? ™*ther like the present, these, as well 



TnZl ' p }S ttt S' 8ho ? ] i be drawn back from the window, or set 

 down on the floor of the room. Water very sparingly while the 



frost contin ues, and even m mi d weather no more water ought to 

 be given to plants in windowsin winter than just enough to keep 

 all the soil in the pots sufficiently moist to maintain the Dlant5 

 in a healthy state. Cauliflower-plants, if any, growing under a 

 south wall, will be greatly benefited by a few Spruce Fir branches 

 or some other material being laid over them, partly with a 

 view to keep off the severe frost, and partly for the purpose of 

 preventing the plants from being suddenly thawed by sun-heat 

 in the middle of the day, for no plant that is at all tender will 

 stand being subjected alternately to hard frost at night and a 

 moderately high temperature during the day, which is generally 

 the ca^e with plants that are unprotected in such a situation. 

 Now that the ground is hard frozen, and nothiug for the cot- 

 tager to do in the way of digging, I shall feel greatly obliged to 

 any one who will send an account to the Gardeners' Chronicle 

 Office of the greatest depth to which the frost has penetrated 

 the soil, when the frost breaks up.— J. HcH. I 



Notices to Correspondents. 



The Reprint of Mr. PAXTON'S COTTAGERS' CALENDAR 

 is now ready, price 3d. each Copy. An Index has been added 

 to this present Edition. Parties wishing to have copies for 

 distribution among their tenantry can have them at the rate 

 of 25 for 5*. 



Apples. —G.— The Waltham Abbey Seedling is a good kitchen 

 Apple, requiring very little sugar. You will probably find it, 

 when cooked, much superior to the very sweet Apples you 



mention. Q 



Asphai.te.— f7. 7?.— This substance has not been used in the 

 gardens of the Horticultural Society for the roofs of buildiogs. 

 It has only been employed for small boxes to guard plants in 

 the open air from cold, and to cover borders for experimental 

 purposes ; for this it answers very well. We are unacquainted 

 with the other. Your commission shall be attended to. 



Books.— A , 2L— " Glendinning on the Pine-apple," and " Ha- 

 milton on the Pine apple." Both should be in the hands of 

 all gardeners. 



Camki.j.ias.— Amateur.— Certainly Camellias will grow against 

 a brick wall with an east aspect, in a border of fresh sandy 

 loam, leaf-mould, and peat, 3 feet broad and l foot deep, wjth 

 9 inches of broken bricks and gravel below, upon a dry bot- 

 tom, if you cover them during winter with sashes and mats 

 when necessary, although you are in a rather cool and moist 

 climate. Plant them 6 feet apart; if they like the soil, they 

 will soon meet. It will be as well, however, to enrich your 

 soil with a good dressing of manure. Experiments showthat 

 guano and urine furnish a most efficient liquid manure for 

 these plants. Keep their stems pretty close to the wall, but 

 suffer the branches to grow bushy. The mat covering will 

 not be important, unless the weather is very severe, and 

 not even then, if your sashes are tight, and the border tho- 

 roughly drained. As to Mangoes, they most certainly will 

 not bear the treatment of the Peach. It is folly to think of it. 



Carnation's.— (?.— The "black spot" on the leaves of Carna- 

 tions ;s infectious, propagating itself in the same manner as 

 rust in corn, or mildew on plants. If you will submit them 

 to a powerful microscope you will find that they are com- 

 posed of innumerable small fungi. We should imagine that 

 the spots on the leaves of Polyanthuses (though we have 

 never submitted them to the same test) are of a similar 

 nature. — W. 



Celery.— An Inquirer solicits information from some of the 

 successful competitors at the Uxbridge Show as to their 

 manner of managing to obtain such fine heads. 



Covering for Frames.— J. G. Reading.— The following is the 

 mode of preparing the composition described by " Devoni- 

 ensis/'atpp. 301, 1843 ; and 392, 1841, viz., " Three pints of 

 old pale linseed oil, l ounce of sugar of lead, and 4 ounces 

 of white resin. The sugar of lead must be ground with a 

 small quantity of the oil and added to the remainder, incor- 

 porated with the resin by means of gentle heat. The compo- 

 sition is to be laid on by a brush, after the calico is nailed to 

 the frames. One coat annually is sufficient. It dries in a 

 short time when exposed to the air ; and excludes as little 

 light and heat as anything except glass, and does not become 

 mildewed." 



French Beans,— An Old Subscriber.— The Early Dwarf Dutch 

 Haricot is one of the very best for forcing, jj 

 1MB.— J. JJ/.— We are sorry to hear that yoi 



You may depend upon it this sort of manure, well man^S ' 

 is among the best, if not the best of all ^naged, 



Mistletoe.-/*. W. T.-The Mistletoe is found in this corner* 

 upon the Lime, Maple, Apple, Oak, Willow, and PouhYr t 

 Germany it grows in great quantities upon the common Pine 

 It may be increased by making an incision in the bait $ th. 

 tree on which ir. is to grow, and inserting a berrv or JS 

 then tying a little damp Moss over the part. The bperatioil 

 may be performed in April or May: the berries like "to hi 

 kept rather moist until thev begin to grow i be 



Names of Fruits.— T. H. T.-l, Beurre Diel ; 2 Cra««n# 

 3, Gloirt Morceau ; 4, Chaumontel ; 5, Passe ColmaTr* 1 



Ga 



our plantations are 



are 



destroyed by hares and rabbits; and we are still more sorry 

 to be unable to help you to a remedy. Shoot, snare, trap, 

 and poison, we should say, if you dare ; but as we presume 

 you have no taste for transportation, we do not advise you to 

 practise such devices. The truth is, that until the Game- 

 laws are wholly repealed, poor people must submit to h 

 their property destroyed for the gratification of the rich. 

 Golo FiSH.-TF. Ellis.-The trout is a fish of prey, and conse- 

 quently would devour small Gold-fish. The best time to put 

 Gold-fish (that have been kept in a glass globe in the house) 

 into a pond will be the spring, say the end of April, or begin- 

 mng of May, and not in the autumn. The Strawberries can 

 be had of all nurserymen. 



Heaths.-VT. T O.-The following varieties, if treated in the 

 usual way, will flower between the months of November and 





in the case of the plants exhibiting a disposition to bloo 



s^nnP^JhT";, the stron S est °f the shoots should be 

 stopped, which will make the plants flower more profusely 



i?™? ^n^d winter. Heaths are not fond of manure. The 

 sizes of flower-pots vary in different parts of the country ■ a 



«2f a £"£ Lo,ll ! on ' nea *ures 11$ inches in diameter at top, 

 ana 10 inches in depth.* 



" vnni^n^f'J^T.^ ? 0Uld n0t "^ th ° U e ht '* P 0SSible that 



your house would be too damp. If it is so, you may diminish 



I " ?J r £ I S r ° f J° Ur tUes b * a coat of Roman cement. Tha 



would be the cheapest plan, and effectual. A. B. J. says 



that in Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening," p. 5 Q0 is a 

 paragraph respecting the cementing of brick flues with "lime 

 putty. He inquires what is meant by "lime putty," and 

 how to make it. v 3i 



Hothouses.— A. B.— Two feet isnot too much for the width of 

 your shelves, but that is a point of little consequence, and 

 usually depends upon the fancy or objects of the person who 

 constructs a greenhouse. It is of far more importance not to 

 construct such shelves of wooden rails. By all means use if 

 you can, stone or slate shelves. The pipes may be midway 

 between the floor and the shelves, but that is not of much 

 moment ; the lower you kcepthem. the better. Hollow walls 

 have the advantage over solid walls of being rather cheaper 

 and much drier and warmer. Nine inches are enough for the 

 side shelves. Determine the size of the panes of glass by the 

 size of your pocket. *»**"/ me 



Van Mons Leon le Clerc.jJ 



Names ok Plants.— Z>. i)/'., Cork.— Miliaria picta -M r t 



Acacia lophantha. Alpha— \. Viola lutea: 2. Anemo'n* 



ranuncu.oides; 3. Chamaeledon procumbens ; 4. Campanula- 

 5. Tnfoiinm elegans ; 7. Smilacina bifolia; 8. Erireron acris'- 



9. Myosotis arvensis; 10. Trifolium incamatum 5 f?J 



Apparently Oncidium Suttoni. 



Pines.— Reformer.— Your questions should be addressed to the 

 nearest bookseller. Such inquiries as you hare made cannot 

 be answered without subjecting the answer to advertisement 

 duty. 



Root-prunino.-Jw Old Subscriber.— If the roots of young 

 trees can be properly spread out it is not necessary to prune 

 them, in planting, if they are sound ; and all that is unsound 

 should of course be cut clean off. if 

 Roses.- S. Warnford.— The following are handsome, and are 

 suitable for being planted out singly on a lawn, viz. :— La- 

 marque, Madame Desprez, Brennus, Felicite rerpetuelle, 

 Blairii, Billiard, Amadis, and De Lisle. t 

 Stables —Equts. — We will give you an answer next week. It 

 is certainly desirable that a loft or chamber of some kind 

 should be constructed over a stable. 

 Strawberries.— John.— Some kinds of Strawberries originally 

 obtained from North America, and varieties subsequently 

 raised from them, are so hardy that our most severe winters 

 do not materially injure them. But the Chili Strawberry is 

 rather tender, a characteristic which the numerous cross-bred 

 varieties from it more or less inherit. Myatt's British Queen, 

 and some other new kinds, though not perhaps directly cross- 

 bred, yet appear to have something of the Chili in their con- 

 stitution, and therefore you will do well in covering those 

 you planted in August with litter, or leaves, or with a mix- 

 ture of both. || 

 Timber. — Clv.hero.— The plan of barking trees while standing, 

 and leaving them till another year before felling them, has 

 long been practised, but it seems out of favour. Boucherie's 

 mode of injecting trees is only applicable to them when 

 freshly cut or growing. His mode of proceeding has been 

 described at p. 911 of the Volume for 1843. 

 Transmutation of Corn.— We learn from a correspondent 

 that the statement, in an Irish newspaper about Oats having 

 been found growing on an ear of Wheat originated in error. 

 Transparent Coverings.— X. E. L.— The turpentine should 

 not be boiled with the oil, but stirred into it when taken off 

 the fire. The oil is raw linseed-oil.^ 

 Window Flowers.— J.H.G.— All common greenhouse plants, 

 with the exception of Heaths and shrubs of that description, 

 will grow in windows, provided they are properly managed. 

 The easiest to grow are what gardeners call soft-wooded, such 

 as Geraniums. Fuchsias, and Aloysias ; or herbaceous plants, 

 like Chinese Primroses; or succulents, among which Echevenas 

 and some of the Crassulas, especially C. coccinea and versi- 

 color are the best; or, finally, the common bulbs and corms 

 called in the shops Dutch roots. The difficulties to contend 

 with in a sitting-room are darkness and dryness of the air ; 

 the former interferes with blooming, the latter with growing. 

 The former is only to be remedied by turning the whole 

 window-garden out of doors for a few weeks every year; tne 

 latter by the use of bell-glasses at night, or simiar contriv- 

 ances. The common errors to avoid are insufficient drainage, 

 a most important point; watering with cold water, and * ll0, 7" 

 ing water to stand in the pans that receive the pots, in tne 

 early part of next year we shall furnish a series °f. art,cles °" 

 these matters, till when we must solicit your P at,ence ' ^ \rf 

 outside creepers, take Honeysuckles, Glycine sinensis, www 

 Jasmine, and the Sweet Virgin's Bower. . . 



Miscellaneous.— F. M.— Triptilion spinosum is a pretty piaiu 

 enough, but very hard to grow. We doubt whether it can uc 

 had in the trade. It may be kept in a cold frame, dux * 

 requires a very abundant ventilation, and is best in a S^ 



house. A. W. B.— Caffre Corn is the grain of s>org "^ 



saccharatum and some other species. It is too ten 

 cultivation in this country. The Hottentots are very ,0 "" 

 sucking the sugary straw. The common Passion ;? ow *5 d i inea 

 ripens its fruit near London. We never heard of its* ee " * 

 being hardier than the parent, and should doubt 11. * 



information delights us. J. C. S. B.— Neither you nor any 



one else can raise Rhododendrons true from seed, unless , 

 take the precaution of setting them when in flower. 1 *^ 



sell them all for R. ponticum nobody can compi*'"- 



J. H. G.— You can have all the Numbers for this y e » * rt- 

 Tamaris V.— The arrangement of plants in a g arde "' atib le 

 ing to their natural system, is possible, but incoi v , q 

 with ornamental effect. For this reason it is not iu ^ 

 gardens. At the Horticultural Society's Garden ni v 

 are usually labelled with their names and nat J ve ™ med by 

 R. E. is alive and well ; he is not the person to be a jar ' . 



silly and ignorant people ; but he has been too rnuc ' 1 .; u C0D tri. 

 to find leisure for us. With the turn of the year ; ni ics 



butionswill be resumed. Your question concern 'V%e m ost 

 is very difficult to answer, for it involves sonrie or u we 

 obscure phenomena of vegetation. It is probanie tter> 

 shall touch upon it in a few weeks. As to the otner 

 it is, we fear, irremediable. D. P.-Cabul being ■ b 



city several varieties of Melon are sent from there, , fo 

 are all termed Cabul Melons. The name is ^^X^and 

 ny particular sort, consequently both your gre en-i e* 

 carlet- fleshed varieties may be equally Cabul M« 



are all termed Cab 

 a 



scarlet 

 Received, X. X. 



*** As usual, many communications have been received I . q » 

 and others are unavoidably detained till the req« 

 quiries can be made. 





