THE NEWSPAPER. 



I 



Dec. 28,1 _^ 



i k™— ;.«.«,*. «f K*nwf« ff„r instAnrp a"1 In nis opiuioa, ranked next in atrocity to that of murder, being 



merely some bronze images of beasts (for instance, a rac wh > ch re9ulte(1 from a 8CttIed determination to do wrong 



[1844. 





▼ery fine lion), have been discovered, as also a part of 

 the bronze wheel of a war-chariot. But the most incom- 

 prehensible circumstance is, that the alabaster slabs with 

 which the walls are cased, and which are covered with 

 inscriptions and sculptures, bear on the back, likewise, 

 inscriptions in arrow-headed characters, and certainly 

 not in the Assyrian, but in the Babylonian language. 

 As it is naturally not to be presumed that the architects 

 would have been so foolish as to have graven these inscrip- 

 tions where no one could have seen them without pulling 

 down the wall, it must be presumed that the slabs have 

 served twice, first belonging to a Babylonian palace, and 

 afterwards have been transposed by the Assyrians and 

 freshly graven. At present no sculptures have been 

 found on the back, which would, indeed, be of the 

 greatest interest, no Babylonian sculptures having ever 

 yet been discovered. Some of the lately-found bas- 

 reliefs are especially rsmarkable ; for instance, one 

 representing the siege of a town situate on an island ; 

 the sea is covered with ships, the fore part of which 

 form a horse's head, and which are occupied in bringing 

 the trunks of trees for the purpose of erecting a dam. 

 The water is covered with all kinds of marine animals — 

 fishes, crabs, and winged sea-horses. The richness of 

 the details, and the mass of sculpture which the palace 

 contains, are amazing, and it is incomprehensible how 

 bo magnificent a building should have been so strangely 

 buried in the earth. The French Ambassador at Con- 

 stantinople has not yet obtained permission from the 

 Porte to send to Paris those articles of antiquity which 

 will bear transport, which Bays little for their interest 

 there, at a time when the English are removing whole 

 cargoes of antiquities from Lesser Asia to London. — 

 Augsburg Gazette. 



Bad Bread. — At a recent meeting of the members of 

 the Devon and Cornwall Natural History Society, Dr. 

 Tripe read a paper on M Ropy Bread," in the course of 

 which he stated that the state of bread termed " ropy" 

 was generally admitted to depend on the presence of 

 fungi. After promising to write a paper on the subject, 

 he had made numerous inquiries of several parties prac- 

 tically interested in the question, but he regretted to say 

 he had found a total ignorance both as to its origin, its 

 true nature, and the best remedy. As to the remedy, it 

 was true that experience had taught bakers that washing, 

 both with lime- wash and plain water, would frequently 

 answer ; but, in spite of these remedies, it frequently 

 continued for weeks, and that to their great loss, and not 

 infrequently ruin. Recent writers on the subject agreed 

 in attributing the ropy state of bread to the pre- 

 sence of fungi. And they all accounted for the 

 presence of fungi on the ground of the quality of 

 the flour ; but he thought it might, in all probabi- 

 lity, originate from three causes — that of atmosphere, 

 from yeast, which he thought the main cause, and from 

 the flour. With respect to yeast, he said it appeared, 

 from a microscopic examination of a mass of yeast, that 

 it consists of minute disconnected vesicles, that appear 

 to constitute one of the simplest forms of vegetation. 

 These, like seeds, may remain for any length of time in an 

 inactive condition without losing their vitality; but when 

 placed in a fluid in which any kind of sugary matter is 

 contained, they commence vegetating actively, provided 

 the temperature be sufficiently high, and they assist in 

 producing that change in the composition of the fluid 

 which is known under the name of fermentation. Hav- 

 ing referred to several opinions on fermentation, the 

 learned gentleman went on to say, that if a small portion 

 of the fermenting fluid be examined at intervals with a 

 powerful microscope, it is observed that each of the little 

 vesicles at first contained in it puts forth one or more 

 prolongations, which in time become new vesicles like 

 their parents. These organs perform the same office, 

 so that in a few hours the single vesicles have de- 

 veloped themselves into rows of five or six. This is 



' 



was 



and was attended, moreover, by no benefit to any single human 

 creature, while it inflicted incalculable injury on those whose 

 property was destroyed, and, indeed, on all the labouring class 

 too. In one of the cases now before him, a witness had well 

 said, that " a fire would be a bad job for we labourers," and if 

 persons of that rank in society would but think seriously on the 

 Subject, he was sure they would all come to the same conclu- 

 sion. His Lordship having then briefly adverted to the distin- 

 guishing features of the charges against the several prisoners, 

 proceeded to sentence all the men, and Parker (who had 

 pleaded guilty to two indictments) to transportation for fifteen 

 years, but adjudged to the boys, Harvey and Lessams, in consi- 

 deration of their extreme youth, imprisonment for one and two 

 months respectively ; and to Jane Watts, whose case was of so 

 singular a character as to induce the Jury to believe that she 

 must have been mad, the like punishment for twelve months.— 

 At the close of these Assizes the Grand Jury presented their 

 unanimous opinion that the present winter assize was uncalled 

 for in this county, inasmuch as a large majority of the prisoners 

 in the calendar would have been tried at the next quarter ses- 

 sions, within a fortnight from this time. 



Westbrn Circuit.— Exetek.— John Iiendle, a miserably clad 

 and lame man, was charged with having, on the night of the 

 27th September, set fire to a rick of Oats, the property of John 

 Land, a farmer residing at West Buckland, in this county, 

 where the prisoner existed as a pauper. The jury returned a 

 verdict of Guilty. Mr. Baron Alderson : You have been con- 

 vie'ed, prisoner, bv the clearest evidence, of this crime of 

 attempting to burn down Mr. Land's ricks, since there can be 

 no doubt, had not the fire been discovered when it was, the 

 whole of tfic ricks would have been destroyed. You did this 

 for revenge, and you must now suffer the consequences of that 

 revenge. I saw too much of this most detestable crime last 

 summer to feel anv doubt as to what my duty is in this case. 

 Those who deal with such crimes with lenity make themselves, 

 in a certain degree, accountable for the crime when again com- 

 mitted. I will not do so, but will wash my hands of all responsi- 

 bility, by inflicting the heaviest penalty of the law. His lord- 

 ship then sentenced him to be transported for life. 



Mtnf.ANi) Circuit-Lincoln.— Charles Shipworth, aged 22, 

 ..as charged with having, on the 21st November, in the parish of 

 Swaby, feloniously set fire to a wheat-stack, of the value of 100/., 

 the property of Edward Enderby. The prisoner, after a longtnal, 

 was found guilty. Mr. Justice Patteson, in passing sentence, said 

 that no possible benefit could be derived by the labourer from 

 incendiarism, but he was injuring himself and his fellows by de- 

 stroying that which would have employed some of them in thresh- 

 ing it, and was also probably preventing his employer, by the 

 destruction of his property, from having the means of finding work 

 for others. He should inflict the full sentence of the law, which 



was transportation for life. 



Oxford Circuit— Stafford.— Jane Railton, aged 32, was 

 indicted for concealing the birth of her illegitimate child, at Wol- 

 verhampton, in the month of October last; and John Sheriff", a 

 surgeon's assistant, aged 28, and James Ilildreth, a printer, aged 

 38. were charged with aiding and abetting her in such conceal- 

 ment. The facts of this case have been already noticed. It excited 



attention at the time from the respectable station of the parties, and 

 the evidence now adduced went to show that Miss Railton had 

 given birth to a child, and that Hildreth, the supposed father, had 

 applied to Sheriff to procure a miscarriage. The child was stated 

 by Miss Railton, in a conversation with the inspector of police, to 

 have been born alive, and its dead body was afterwards found in 

 the privy of Mr. Quintin, the surgeon to whom the prisoner She- 

 riff was assistant. The evidence, however, was deficient in the 

 proof of the identity of the child, and the jury consequently, after 

 an hour's deliberation, acquitted the prisoner.— Next day the pri- 

 soner Sheriff was indicted for having procured the miscarriage of 

 Miss Railton, but as she did not appear on her recognisances, it 

 was impossible to carry on the case in the absence of so material 

 a witness, and the prisoner was discharged.— Joseph Penn was 

 convicted of the manslaughter of Prudence Hughes, at Sedgley. 

 Mr. Justice Coltman said, M You have been found guilty, upon 

 the clearest possible evidence, of the manslaughter of Prudence 

 Hughes. The jury, by their verdict, have evidently taken a most 

 merciful view of your case, and have acquitted you of the more 

 serious crime of murder. The sentence of the Court is, that you 

 be transported for the term often years. 



Northern Circuit. — Liverpool. —Richard Leach was in- 

 dicted for arson, in setting fire to a steer of timber, the property 

 of Thomas Graham, at Little Bolton, found guilty and sentenced 

 to be transported for 15 years. — Thomas Siew was found guilty of 

 the wilful murder of Alice Nolan, at Manchester, on the 7th July. 

 Prisoner was paying his addresses to the young woman, and in 

 consequence, it is supposed, of disappointment at the postpone- 

 ment of their marriage, he murdered her, and afterwards at- 

 tempted to commit suicide. An attempt was made to set up a 

 plea of insanity, but it failed, and the jury found him guilty. His 

 Lordship then proceeded to pass sentence. Towards the close of 

 his Lordship] s address the unhappy man sank back, apparently 

 partially insensible, in the arm3 of the turnkeys. At the close of 

 the sentence he seemed to wake, as it were, from a dream, and 

 clinging to the front of the dock endeavoured to address the court, 

 but a few hoarse, unintelligible whispers were all that could be 

 heard, his tongue refused its office, and he was led half fainting 

 from the dock. At the same moment some person at the back of 

 the dock was seized with a fit, apparently of epilepsy, and his cries 



tatoes, and that he was In the habit of sending these articles ta 

 the salesmen in Covent-garden Market, who had made affidtrita 

 to that effect, and this was supported by the affidavit of a labonret 

 to the tame effect. The case for the petitioner was supported b? 

 ■even respectable farmers in the county, whose affidavits went to 

 show that the kind of cultivation carried on by the bankrupt wai 

 pure farming, and that the produce disposed of was the cleanin* 

 crop, and that this cultivation was merely subsidiary to the puj. 

 poses of farming, in the ordinary sense. Upon the entire farm" 

 consisting of 138 acres, there were only twenty acres of peas an4 

 ten acres of potatoes. The bankrupt paid no more than Zid. 

 to the income-tax, while market-gardeners paid 7d.; or according 

 to the profits of their trade, which fact clearly distinguished him 

 in the opinion of the tax-collector as a farmer. The adjudication 

 under the circumstances of this case, had excited great alarm 

 amongst the farmers, who were in the habit of cultivating fields 

 of potatoes to an enormous extent, without entertaining hitherto 

 the remotest idea that the sale of this produce in the market would 

 subject them to the operation of the bankrupt laws. Mr. Rolt 

 who followed on the same side, said that if the manner of dispos- 

 ing of certain produce, without reference to the mode of cultiva- 

 tion, was alone to be taken into consideration, under these circum- 

 stances it would affect not only farmers, whom the policy of the 

 legislature had hitherto sedulously protected from bankruptcy, but 

 persons who cultivated their own lands. Mr. Chandless, for the 

 respondents, said that the fiat had been issued chiefly upon the 

 affidavit of the bankrupt's father-in-law, who must be supposed to 

 have had full knowledge of his occupations; and the other affida- 

 vits showed that every day, for two or three weeks at a time, 

 during a space of five or six years, this produce was regularly sent 

 to market in baskets, with the bankrupt's name upon them, 

 exactly like other market-gardeners. He contended that the 

 manner in which the crops were raised, whether by the plough or 

 the spade, was immaterial. The Chief Judge said in Todd's 

 Johnson there were two definitions of the word " garden ;" the first 

 was a piece of ground inclosed and cultivated with extraordinary 

 care, and the second was a place particularly fruitful and delight- 

 ful. The produce sent to the market by this bankrupt was grown 

 in the open fields, in the usual manner of farm culture. It was 

 difficult to give an exact definition of the term market-gardener, 

 as used in the act of Parliament. He was of opinion that the 

 bankrupt was a farmer, and not a market- gardener, under any 

 just or reasonable construction of the act of Parliament. The fiat 

 would therefore be annulled. 



BIRTHS.— On the 14th Inst., at Saltford, the lady of the Rev. 

 J. B. Dovkton, of a son— 15th inst., at Bryntirion, near Wrex- 

 ham, North Wales, the lady of Capt. E. Jones, of a son— 18th 

 inst., at Clapham, Mrs. A. Wright, of a daughter— 18th inst., 

 in Granville-square, Pentonville, the lady of Mr. W. E. New- 

 ton, of a son— 19th inst., at the Grove, Walthamstow, the lady 

 of G. D. Tvskr, Esq., of a son— 19th inst., at 10, Eaton-place, 

 the lady of G. C. Elwbs, Esq., of a son— 20th inst., at Syden- 

 ham, Kent, the lady of S. Fry, Esq., of a daughter— 2lst inst., 

 in Stratford- place, Oxford street, the lady of J. R. Barrett, 

 Esq., of a daughter— 2 1st in3t.,at Willow-walk, Kentish Town, 

 the lady of H. Woon, Esq., of a daughter— 22d inst., at Upper 

 Clapton, Mrs. J. T. Hawes, of a son— 22d iost., at Gilder's Hill, 

 Hsndon, the lady of R. Bradford, Esq., of a daughter— 22d 

 inst., the lady of Commander Henry J. Matson. R.N., of Her 

 Majesty's ship Daring, of a daughter— 22d inst., the lady of C. 

 Ring, Esq., of Doctor's Commoas and Mitcham, of a son— 23d 



inst., in Moorgate- street, the lady of F. J. Hills, Esq., 1st V> est 

 India Regiment, of a son— 23d inst., in Bruton-street, the lady 

 ofC. E. Scott. Esq., of a son- 18th inst., at Ballaclnn-ho 

 Strath Tay, the lady of Capt.R. Scott, of a son. 



MARRIAGES.-On the 7th ult., at St. Mary's, Islington, the 

 Rev. S. S. Knipe, M.A., youngest son of the late Rev. i-rancis 

 Knipe, B.D., rector of Sandon, Essex, to Ma iu a L.Hodgson, 

 youngest daughter of the late C. Hodgson, Esq., of Chelmsford, 

 and Grove-cottage, Sandon, in the same county— l,th inst., at 

 Fermoy, T. H. Tavlor, Esq., of Gray's Inn to Helena 

 GEaTRiiDE Waters, daughter of the late P Waters, Esq of 

 Fermoy-18thinst., at Luton, Bedfordshire. D. C. Noel, iaq., 

 of Worcester, surgeon, to Jane Waller, eldest daughter of T. 

 Waller, Esq., of Luton-lQth inst., at Marstou Kigott, C. S. 

 Boyle, of the 48th Regiment, youngest son of the late vice- 

 Admiral the Hon. Sir Courtenay Boyle, to Rose SuiwAlk. 

 ander, second daughter of Capt. C. Alexander, Ro> al Ln b i- 

 -19th inst., at St. Mary Abbott's, Kensington, G. Lead- 



not the only way, however, in which they multiply, - . _,, . , .. .. 



fr.r ./i m *t; m< » *ul -i x. L 1 •. v \ and struggles were appalling. The crowd endeavouring to rush to 



for sometimes the vesicles burst, and emit a number of | the spot & incre a^d the confusion, and it was only by great ex- 

 mmute grunules, which are the germs of new plants, and 

 which soon develope themselves into additional cells. 

 By the time that five or six vesicles are formed in each 

 group, the fermentation is sufficiently far advanced for 

 the purposes to which it is to be applied, and measures 

 are then taken to check it, by which the vegetation of the 

 yeast-plant is checked. If they could suppose any 

 circumstance to arise by which the vegetation of the 

 yeast was not supended, or after it was checked and the 

 yeast amalgamated with the flour, for the vegetation 

 again to be active, they would have a sufficient cause for 

 the origin of fungi in bread. The progress of the disease, 

 as it may be called, in bakehouses from one lot of bread 

 to another were elaborately gone into and pointed out, 

 and instances cited in which its ravages had prevailed to 

 the extent of even ruining the bakers. As a remedy, he 

 suggested ventilation, fumigation with chlorine, and the 

 application of cold instead of hot washing. At the con- 

 clusion of the reading of the paper a committee was 

 appointed to inquire and report upon the subject. — 

 Plymouth Times. 







Norfolk Circuit, Norwich.— Mr. Justice Williams passed 

 sentence on II prisoners called Rutland, Dye, Medlar, Rump, 

 Parker, two Qr/rnteUs, BaTcer, two boys Harvey and Lessams, 

 and Jane Watts, who had all been convicted of incendiary fire 

 in different parts of the country. His Lordship said that the 

 exhibition before him was most painful to his mind, coming as 

 it did so close upon> a recent penal example in which he had 

 borne a part, in the adjoining county of Suffolk. 



ertions on the p^r* of this officers that the unfortunate man was 

 carried from the court and order restored.— George Evans, 20, was 

 indicted for the wilful murder of Jane Millen, at Manchester, on 

 the 14th August last. The trial of this prisoner was postponed 

 from the last summer asaiCM, iu consequence of certain publica- 

 tions which had appeared in one of the Manchester papers shortly 

 before, which were likely to prejudice the prisoner in his defence. 

 The evidence was purely circumstantial, but tke jury returned a 

 verdict of guilty, and Baron Gurney passed sentence of death. — 

 York. — Mr. Justice Coleridge on Friday passed sentence on 

 Mr* Maddison, the police inspector, who v. as found guilty of em- 

 bezzlement last week, and sentenced him to imprisonment for 18 

 calendar months, with hard labour. — His Lordship also sentenced 

 the six Bradford rioters, who were convicted of manslaughter la^t 

 week, to be transported for life. — William Thompson was charged 

 with having, on the 22d January, 1343, feloniously shot at Thomas 

 Carr, of Hall Moor, near York, with intent to murder, disable, or 

 to do him some grievous bodily harm. This is the case for which 

 a man named Mason was tried at the time, convicted, and trans- 

 ported*. It was now proved that Mason was not present, and in 

 fact was not known to the parties who committed the robbery. The 

 principal evidence against the prisoner now on trial was a con- 

 fession made by himselT to the police. The juty found him guilty, 

 and he was sentenced to 20 years* transportation. His Lordship, 

 in passing sentence, intimated that immediate steps would be 

 taken lor the recal or the innocent convict, Mason, and that 

 Government, in all likelihood, would award him compensation. 



Court of Review. — Exparte Hammond in re Hummond.-— 

 This was a petition praying for a supersedeas. Mr. Anderdonsaid 

 that this petition prayed to annul the fiat, under circumstances of 

 considerable importance to farmers and other parties engaged in 

 the cultivation of land. The question immediately at issue was, 

 whether the alleged bankrupt, Samuel Hammond the younger, 

 was a market gardener or not, within the spirit and meaning of 

 the recent act of Parliament (5 & 6 Vic), which added that to the 

 employments which would subject a man to bankruptcy. The 

 bankrupt was tenant o f a farm at Upminster, in Sussex, of about 

 138 acres, which he held at a rent of 316/. 85., the lease requiring 

 the proper cultivation of the farm according to the custom of the 



loVrf King's College. Cambridge, to the Hon .Ca™eim. C 

 Lysaght, second daughter of Lord Lisle- 10th inst. , in tne 



Cathedral Church, Salisbury, R. J. ^i LLl ^''f^;i?-^ 

 to Charlotte A. Dknisov, youngest daughter ot the late Jonn 



Deoison, Esq., Ossington, Notts. . 



DEATHS.-On the 22d inst. at her house 66,^ Park -street 

 Grosvenor-square, Anna S. Blunt, eldest daughter of Mr 

 Charles William Blunt, third Baronet aged / 9 ^ "^ ;*- 

 Woodfall, Esq., of Great Dean's-yard, Werfn ineter agea £ 

 3d inst., at Bishop's Waltham, Hants, Captain iC. Hoards 

 R.N. C.B., second son of the late Rev. J- ^^^w 

 Chiverell. aged 47-10thinst., at : Florence, Ann A^k 

 of the late Peter Auber, Esq.-I3ih inst., «^dauihterof 

 regretted. D.nah E. Edocomb.. ^^^l^Toxssn. 

 the late Frederick Edgcombe, Esq.-J8th » n £«* A Her Maje sty's 

 widow of William Browne Jfsq., forme o. ^ rf 



Customs, London-20th ins t.. at ™ al "* t in5t ., Major- 

 dropsy, A. K. GriBio, third son of Dr. Greig 

 General J. NKsniTT.of the Bengal Army, after a ion aim 





GeneralJ.NKsniTT.o "^ ^"- rt '^"'A'"" s eldest daughter 

 illness, aged 65-2lstmst., Mary Y. Pb * e "' e ( " Su - e > • 

 of Captain John Peters, of Fort-place L'^.^f^aptain T. 

 21st inst., at his residence in Greenwich ***£• Huskisson, 

 Huskisson, Royal Navy, son of tr }^^J}TJ w^mxiy^ 



of George Denham, Esq., ot the Co lonnaac. *'»•»> — 

 berweliragel 7?-2Sth inst., at his iesid enc * Bn«ni» 1 

 Calne.R. Hucnss.Esq., M.A. late Fellow o ^/ cn C t ^; 

 Cambridge, aged 7 2-26th inst. at 12 Norfolk ^"Jf^f* 

 Park, Magoalev Paslky, daughter of Major ; Ge "" al ^Jof 

 26th inst., at Blackheath, E. H. Ritiiekdon, youngest son o 



R. Ritherdon, Esq. 



WANTED, to take the Management of a >URSER.Y, 

 in the Isle of Man, a steady, industrious man «' busmess 



habits, who has served a regular ^^t?* %£ <?£*- 

 thorough knowledge, not only or th For**t d t 



house department, but a taste for ana w t nd 



Ornamental, and Landscape G-Mg •'£%£&£* 

 planting new plantations, &c. As therei * a f th t de . 



nected with the concern, a person with f ^ n ^ e ,^ °{ ™ ij-d 

 partment will be preferred, as his services may be 1 n part requu^ 

 at tne shop. None need apply unless he can pro duct g ood 

 sufficient testimonials of character, and ability for the wo 

 Apply to Alexander Spittall Douglas, Isle of Man. 



All Letters to be post-paid 



. It had been 



SeVtn^^ W«««y. The trading alleged as a justification for the issue of 



tended to dimiziish and check the commission of a crime, which, L tllil fc£ waSf that the bankrupt had cultivated peas and new po. 



WANT PLACES-- 



tnVE POUNDS will be pven by the ^verUser to 



T nny one who can procure for him a situation " ^„ 



PAGATOR in a 'Nursery (near Lond(m P r ^ e " n e ^ s t excellent 

 been some years in a Nursery; and can ****™£± a * to 

 character, from those both in London and the ^^ tr ^ urch . 

 ability, steadiness, and assiduity.-Direct to A. M., 2, cnux 

 street, Fulham, near London. 



