972 DR. A. G. BUTLER ON BUTTERFLIES [NoV. 28, 



reduced to less than half its width. The female differs in the same 

 way, but retains its vivid orange colouring. Expanse of wings, 

 J '56-60 millim., $ 54 millim. 



d d, $ , Tana Eiver, 3800 feet, 4th & 16th January, 1899. 

 Of the male Mr. Crawshay writes — " Plentiful on a bush wilh 

 a red flower, where I could have taken any number in season ; but 

 nowhere else have I seen this insect." This is probably the 

 Eastern representative of P. pigea. [An allied species of Pina- 

 copteryx common in the same country, but hitherto identified with 

 P. orbona, is described below ',1 



52. PrtfACOPTEBTX spiLLERi Staud. 



cJ c? , Tana River, 3800 feet, 4th & 16th January, 1899. 



In Staudinger's figure the under surface of the secondaries is 

 represented as unspotted ; this is the case with the single 

 example taken on the 4th January ; all the others have a series 

 of grey spots across the disk ; the tint of these wings below 

 varies from sulphur- to butter-yellow. 



From Mr. Crawsha/s note it appears that this was taken in 

 company with P. astarte on the same red-flowered bush on the 

 river's bank whilst he waited for his men to find a crossing to the 

 other side. 



53. PiNACOPTBRTX GERDA Grose-Smith & Kirby. 

 Intermediate phase. — § (shattered), Muthambi River, 4500 feet, 



Ndya, 10th January ; 6 (perfect), Tana River, 16th January, 1899. 



Dry phase. — S (shattered), Muthambi River, 6th January ; 

 $ (perfect), 11th January, 1899. 



Of the first female Mr. Crawshay writes — "Oblong ova, of a 

 greenish-yellow colour " ; of the second one — " A perfect specimen 

 at last ! The first I saw of this species was on the wet mud of 

 the Tana River, where — when waiting for my net — it was devoured 

 by a dragonfly ; the second and third which I took are both rags. 

 Greenish-white spike-shaped eggs." 



Professor AuriviUius questions the distinctness of this species 

 from P. simana, and suggests that the latter may be a seasonal 



' PiNACOPTERYx VIDUA, sp. n. (Plate LXX. figs. 8, 9.) 



Allied to P. orhona. which it represents in Eastern and Northern Africa : it 

 has well-defined seasonal phases, the wet phase being most like P. orbona : the 

 male, however, has a narrower marginal border to the primaries ; the apex of 

 these wings and the secondaries creamy on the under surface, instead of white: 

 the female shows far less grey basal shading, not filling the discoidal cell ; the 

 discal spots are wanting from the secondaries, and the orange from the under 

 surface of the primaries (which is characteristic of P. larima, the female 

 of P. orhona in my opinion, not of Belenois fhi/sa). Expanse of wings, (^ 45- 

 4G millim., J 46-50 millim. 



(5 c5', White Nile, Foda {Emin), and British East Africa {Gregory); $ J, 

 Wasin, and Briti.sh East Africa {Gregory). 



Formerly I referred this species to P. ortygiM {cf. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 76), see 

 AuriviUius^ Khop. ^Ethiop. p. 411. It is certainly not P. gerda, which is more 

 nearly related to P. simana. 



