1898.J STMAN FISHES OF THE FAMILY CICHLIDS. 137 



opercle. Dorsal XV 11 ; spines increasing in length to the last, 

 which is a little less than half length of longest soft rays. 

 Lat. 1. jji^. Brown ; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal with purplish 

 brown spots ; a large blackish opercular spot. 



Total length 200 millim. 



Angola. 



This species is known to me only from Steindachner's very 

 imperfect description. Its allocation to the genus Hemichromis s. s. 

 is therefore doubtful. 



3. Paeatilapia. 



Paratilapia, Bleeker, Versl. Ak. Amsterd. ii. 1868, p. 307. 



Paracara, Bleeker, Vers!. Ak. Amsterd. xii. 1878, p. 193. 



Hemichromis, part., Pfeffer, Thierw, O.-Afr., Fische, p. 19 

 (1896). 



Body short or more or less elongate ; scales cycloid or ctenoid. 

 Two or more series of conical teeth in the jaws. Maxillary 

 exposed. Dorsal with 10 to 18 spines, anal with 3. Vertebrae 

 27-38 (13 + 14 in P. polleni, 15 + 13 in P. sacra, 17 + 19 in 

 P. rohusta, 19 + 19 in P. lonr/iceps). 



Numerous species, from Syria, Tropical and South Africa, and 

 Madagascar. 



Synopsis of the Species. 



I. Dorsal with X-XII (rarely XIII) spines ; 



pectoral § length of head. 



Dorsal with 11-12 soft rays, which are much longer 

 than longest spines ; maxillary extending to below 

 anterior third of eye 1. polleni, Blkr. 



Dorsal with 10 soft rays, which are but little longer 

 than longest spines ; anal spines longer and 

 stronger than dorsals 2. bleeJceri,BMiy. 



Dorsal with 9-10 soft rays which are much longer 

 than longest spines ; maxillary extending to below 

 anterior border of eye 3. fy2nis,'S[\v. 



II. Dorsal with XIII-XIV spines. 



4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek ; scales 30-32 



-T^^ ; pectoral at least | length of head 4. sacra, Gthr. 



3 series of scales on the cheek ; scales 32 r^ ; pectoral 



not I length of head 5. longirosf.ris, Hilg. 



3 series of scales on the cheek ; scales 26-28 -~^ ; 



pectoral | length of head 6. moffati. Cast. 



III. Dorsal with XV-XVIII spines. 



A. 6-9 series of scales on the cheek. 



1. Dorsal with 15 or 16 soft rays ; 2 or 3 



series of teeth in the jaws ; pectoral J to 



I length of head 7. rohusta, Qi^v. 



2. Dorsal with 8 or 9 soft rays. 



3 or 4 series of teeth in the jaws ; pectoral about § 



length of head 8. cavifrons, 'Hilg. 



