158 DR. B. C. A. WINDLE AND MR. F. Q. PARSONS ON THE [Mar. 1, 



among the Mustelidae in Mustela foina (78), one specimen of Meles 

 (85), and Lutra cinerea (93), but absent in Ictony.v (84), one 

 specimen of Mcles (SG), and Lutra vulgaris (88). AVe are there- 

 fore inclined to regard this muscle as being constant and usually 

 attached to the patella in the Felidae, constant and attached to 

 the femur in the Viverridte, present or absent in the Procyonidse 

 and Mustelidae, absent in the Canidse, Hyacnidse, and Ursidse. 



Tensor fascicp femoris. — This, as we have already pointed out, is 

 the ventral continuation of the ectogluteus. It rises from the 

 crest of the ilium and is inserted into the fascia lata about the 

 middle of the outer side of the thigh, mesially it is continuous 

 with the sartorius. Its degree of development varies greatly in 

 different animals and apparently in different specimens of the 

 same animal ; for this reason we have decided not to describe it in 

 detail throughout the order. In one specimen of FeMs pardus (5) 

 it reached the patella, while in Ictonyx lyhica (84) it could not be 

 made out at all. Macalister found it divided into an external and 

 internal part in a Dog (43). 



MesogliUeus {Gluteus onedius). — This muscle, as in most mammals, 

 is by far the largest of the glutei ; it rises from the dorsal part of 

 the gluteal surface of the ilium as well as from the fascia lata 

 covering it. Its insertion is into the outer side of the great 

 trochanter, and it lies in such close relationship to the pyriformis 

 that that muscle can only be separated from it with great difficulty. 

 In some cases, e. g. Hycena crocuta (37), Canis aureus (50), and 

 Procyon lotor (64), the muscle is distinctly bilaminar. 



Entorjluteus {Gluteus minimus') rises from the ventral part of 

 the gluteal surface of the ihum and is inserted into the front of 

 the great trochanter. It is part of the same layer as the obturator 

 internus and gemelli, and is quite constant in all the Carnivora. 



Gluteus ventralis {Scansorius, Gluteus quartus). — This is a 

 differentiation of the ventral fibres of the entogluteus, and rises 

 from the ventral border of the ilium, close to the origin of the 

 rectus femoris, and is inserted into the lower part of the front of 

 the great trochanter in the region of the anterior introchanteric or 

 spiral line of the femur. Some writers, following the example of 

 Macalister, call this muscle the gluteus quintus, and use the term 

 gluteus quartus for another differentiation of the entogluteus ; 

 for this reason it seems best to avoid the terms quartus and quintus 

 and to speak of this muscle as the gluteus ventralis. Among the 

 Felidae the muscle was found in Felis leo (1) by Macalister, but is 

 not mentioned by Haughton (3), or figured by Cuvier and Laurillard 

 (2). It is also present in Felis pardus (5, 6), Felis catiis (10, 11), 

 and Oymdurus jubatus (12). Among the Viverridae it was present 

 in Cryptoprocta (13), Viverra (17), Viverrieula (19), Genetta (20, 

 22, 23, 24), Paradoxurus (25), Cynictis (31), and Proteles (32). 

 In Paradoxurus (26) and Herpestes (30) it was not found. In Hyana 

 striata among the Hysenidae the muscle was found by Meckel (34), 

 but not by Young and Eobinson (33). In Hycena crocuta (37) it 

 was present. Among the Canidae it was foiind in two specimens 



