1898.J MYOLOGX OF THE TEREESTBIAL CAESIVOBA. 175 



adductor oE the annularis instead of the index, but in Vivirricula 

 (19) the arrangement was normal. 



Second Layer of Deep Foot Muicles. — -A double-headed flexor 

 brevis was found in each toe in all the specimens examined (see 

 fig. 6). Of course in the Felidae, Hysenidae, and Canidae the 

 muscle for the hallux was absent. 



Third Layer of Deep Foot Muscles. — -In no animal could we find 

 any muscles dorsal to the ones last described. Allen, too, looked 

 fo" them in Procyon (61, 65), and Young and E/obiasou in Hyana 

 (33), but without success. 



Muscles of tlie Trimlc. 



Rectus ventraUs {Rectus abdominis). — This muscle rises from the 

 pubic symphysis and runs forwards to be inserted into several of 

 the anterior ribs at their junction with the sternum, the insertion 

 into the first rib being always the best marked. In Canis familiaris 

 (39) we noticed that the fleshy part of the muscle ended opposite 

 the 6th rib cartilage, anterior to which it was continued by a 

 fibrous sheet to the first rib. (See Part I. of this paper, P. Z. S. 

 1897, p. 3S2, fig. 6.) In Hycena striata (35) the same arrangement 

 existed. The linese transverste may be quite evident or so 

 indistinct as to be overlooked : there are usually between 5 and 8 

 of them, but they are not constant in two individuals of the same 

 species ; for instance, Testut (XXIII.) noticed eight in Ursus 

 americanus, while Meckel (XXXIX.) and Cuvier and Laurillard 

 (XXII.) only found five in the same animal, i'ive, however, 

 seems to be the commonest number. 



Tlie Pyramidalis is seldom sufficiently well-marked to be noticed 

 as a distinct muscle. In most of the animals which we dissected 

 it was looked for and found closely incorporated with the rectus. 

 Murie (XVII.) describes it as wanting in Hycena hrunnea, as do 

 also Young and Hobiusou (XIV.) in Hycena striata and Alix (XXX.) 

 in Mustela jmtorius. Shepherd, however, says that it is large and 

 distinct in Ursus americanus. 



Sujjracostalis.— There can be little doubt that this muscle is a 

 continuation forward of the external oblique plane ; it is very 

 constant in the Carnivora, and was found in everj^ animal in which 

 it was looked for. It rises from the sternum at the junction of the 

 2nd and 3rd costal cartilages, and runs outward and forward to be 

 inserted into the first rib about the middle. Some of its fibres are 

 occasionally continued into the scalenus brevis. 

 , The Exierncd Oblique rises from the posterior 8 to 10 ribs by 

 separate digitations, and the muscle runs inwardand backward to the 

 S3nnphysis and linea alba ; it is easily separable from the surface of 

 the rectus ventralis in the posterior part of the abdomen, but less 

 easily in the anterior. In the dorsal part of the abdominal wall it 

 is continuous with the lumbar aponeurosis, and there is no fleshy 

 insertion into the crest of the ilium. In Ictonyx lihyca (84) we 

 noticed double digitations from the posterior two or three ribs. 



The Internal Oblique rises from the lumbar fascia, the crest of 



