1898.] MYOLOGY or THE TEBRESTBIAL CARNITOHA. 177 



the outer layer corresponding to the human accessorius is present. 

 In no case have we been able to satisfy ourselves that the sacro- 

 lumbalis and accessorius are continued up into the neck as the 

 cervicaiis ascendens. The longissimus dorsi is continued up to the 

 dorsal tubercles of the transverse processes of the posterior five or 

 six cervical vertebras as the transversalis colli. 



The Transverscdis capitis (TracJielo -mastoid) is always present 

 in the Carnivora ; it is practically a continuation forward of the 

 longissimus dorsi. It rises from the posterior three or four cei'vical 

 and the anterior one or two thoi-acic vertebrte, and is inserted into 

 the skull deep to the outermost fibres of the splenitis capitis. In 

 Ursits americanus (60) a slip is given from it to the transverse 

 process of the atlas. In Ictonyx libi/ca (84) and Lutra vulgaris (88) 

 we noticed that the trachelo-mastoid was distinctly bilarainar with 

 the ventral margins fused. Sometimes the muscle has a tendinous 

 intersection running across it, but this is not nearly so frequently 

 the case as in the complexus. 



Oomplcxus. — The mesial part of the complexus which, in human 

 anatomy, is called biventer cervicis is always marked off from the 

 lateral part or complexus proper ; it rises from the anterior two or 

 three thoracic vertebrae, and usually has from one to four transverse 

 intersections in its course. The lateral part of the complexus 

 rises from the anterior one or two thoracic and the posterior four 

 cervical vertebrae ; it sometimes has one or two intersections, but 

 they are never as numerous so in the complexus mesialis. As it 

 approaches its insertion into the occipital bone the muscle usually 

 becomes tendinous. In certain of the Carnivora, e. g. Felis catus 

 (9) and Ursus mantimvs (55), a complexus tertius has been 

 noticed, lying externally to lihe rest, rising from the 2nd, 3rd, and 

 4th cervical vertebrae, and being inserted into the transverse 

 process of the atlas. 



Suboccipital triangle. — The muscles of this triangle call for little 

 remark, except to notice that the rectus capitis dorsalis (posticus) 

 major is divided into a superficial and a deep layer. This arrange- 

 ment is common in other animals besides the Carnivora, and we 

 have proposed to describe three dorsal recti of the bead, and to 

 name them superficialis, medius, and profundus, the latter corre- 

 sponding to the rectus capitis posticus minor of human anatomy. 



The Spdenius capitis is a very constant muscle rising from the 

 ligamentum nuchae and anterior thoracic spines, and being inserted 

 into the curved line of the occipital bone. 



The Splenius colli is usually absent in Carnivora. In Byrjena 

 striata (33), however, Young and Eobinson found it, and Cuvier 

 and Lauriilard represent it as a very large muscle in the same 

 animal (35). In Hycena crocuta (37) and Proteles (32), on the 

 other hand, Watson says that the muscle is absent. In two Dogs, 

 of which we have records (39, 48), there was no splenius colli ; 

 while among the Viverridae it was noticed by Young in one speci- 

 men of Viverra civetta (16), but not by Macalister and Meckel in 

 other specimens of the same animal. Among the Felidae, Ursidae, 



Pkoo. Zool. Soo.— 1898, No. XII. 12 



