532 MB. J. ST.\JfLET GARDINER ON FUNGID [June 21, 



distiugaished, of which about half extend to the axial fossa?. In 

 the larger there are from 20 to 30, alternatelj^ thick and thin, the 

 former projecting to the fossae and the latter about half as far. 

 In the still larger calices, which are about to bud, there are often 

 40 to 60 septa, the increase being due to the appearance of a 

 fresh cycle. 



The septa are continuous over all except the highest ridges, 

 where they lie opposite to one another. AH are rough and very 

 irregularly granulated both at the edges and sides. The syuap- 

 ticula are numerous, small, and thin, being especially abundant 

 near the wall, into which, as it thickens, they are mostly absorbed. 

 There is apparently a true columella arising deep down in the 

 calice, joined to the septal edges by trabeculae and from the surface 

 generally visible as a small compressed spine. 



Depth of the calices from the top of the ridges to the columella 

 about 3 mm. ; breadth from ridge to ridge about the same. 

 Valleys seldom more than 1 cm. long, with 40-60 septa on their 

 edges in 1 cm. 



Eotuma ; outer reef. 



The specimen on which this species is founded is a small 

 incrusting mass 9 cm. in greatest width by in one place 4 cm. 

 in height. Its base is much bored into by Chaetopoda, Sipun- 

 culoidea, and other organisms. In one place, where a nodule has 

 grown out at the edge, the under surface is covered by very 

 shallow calices, with a limited number of septa, alternately thick 

 and thin, and continuous between the fossffi, the appearance more 

 approximating to that of the branching species of the genus. 



6. Pavonia calicipbra, n. sp. (Plate XLIV. fig. 4.) 



Corallum dense and heavy, incrusting and massive, often with 

 the edges free for a few mm. 



Surface covered by usually completely circumscribed calices, 

 separated by thin imperforate walls. Increase both by fissiparity 

 and gemmation, the latter from any part of the polyp, but gene- 

 rally close to the wall, where several calices meet. The septa are 

 at first continuous between the axial fossae ; but the wall quickly 

 grows up between them, so that the new calice soon becomes 

 completely circumscribed and valleys do not result. The calicular 

 wall is thin at the surface, but thickens below, fusing with the 

 outermost synapticula. The latter are not numerous, being found 

 only near the opening of the calice. 



The septa are continuous by their spines over the wall from 

 calice to calice ; all are thin, rough, and granulated irregularly, 

 both at their sides and edges, and project inwards with at first 

 a gradual slope, ending perpendicularly by the fosste. In the 

 smallest calices primary, secondary, and tertiary septa can be 

 distinguished, the former projecting to the axial fossa and being 

 joined to the columella by trabeculae. In the larger calices a few 

 of the secondary septa have become fused to the columella, and 

 two additional cycles can usually be distinguished. The columella 



