1898.] A]sr ATOMY or pbdetes caffer. 875 



synovial cavity which communicates with the main cavity of the 

 carpus. The distal segment of the radial ossicle is connected with 

 the proximal by means of ligaments, but there is, as far as I can 

 make out after careful examination, no synovial cavity. 



Hip-joint. — The capsule is not specially thickened at any one 

 place ; it is attached all round the acetabulum and to the transverse 

 ligament ventro-caudally ; externally it thins suddenly before its 

 attachment to the junction of the neck and shaft, so that the 

 margin of the thick part forms a sphincter round the neck of the 

 femur. The cotyloid ligament is much broader in proportion than 

 in man and keeps the head of the femur in position, so that a good 

 deal of force is required to release it. Over the cotyloid notch, 

 where it is just as broad as elsewhere, it forms the transverse 

 ligament. The ligamentum teres consists of a narrow ribbon-like 

 band of fibrous tissue contained in a sheath of synovial membrane. 

 The fibrous tissue is continued through the cotyloid notch and 

 under the transverse ligament to the dorsal part of the capsule ; it 

 checks no movement of which the joint is capable, but, in extreme 

 tlexion, tenses some of the dorsal part of the capsule. The 

 Haversian pad of fat is present and well marked. 



Fig. 5. 



E.S. 



Knee-joint of Fedetes with the femur removed. 



L.P. Ligamentum patella. 

 L.M. Ligamentum mucosum. 

 E.S. & I.S. External and internal semilunar cartilages. 

 A.C. & P.O. Anterior and posterior crucial ligaments. 



The Knee-joint. — On opening the joint from the front the 

 synovial membrane is seen to be continued up for about I inch 

 above the upper limit of the trochlear surface. The origins of the 

 extensor longus digitorum and pophteus are both within the 

 synovial cavity. The external lateral ligament runs downward 

 and very much backward to the head of the fibula. The internal 

 lateral ligament is not prolonged so far down the tibia as it is in 

 many mammals ; it passes from the internal condyle downward and 

 forward, to the head of the tibia j in. below the level of the joint, 



•58* 



