1898.] TURBINOHD AND OCIJLINOID CORALS. 995 



specimen, which has been identified by Whitelegge with Carifo- 

 phyllia clavus. The specimen referred to this genus was dredged 

 by the 'Penguin,' between 150 and 105 fathoms, and found by me 

 on one of the stones brought up. 



1. Ehizoteochus levidensis Gardiner. 



Rliizotroclius levidensis, Gardiner, Willey's Zoological Eesults, 

 pt. ii. p. 162, pi. xix. fig.' 2 (1898). 



The specimen of this species obtained by me differs slightly 

 from the type specimen in the Willey Collection. The outside is 

 not nearly so much overgrown by organisms, and there is one large 

 central radicle and six smaller rootlets. The calice is rounder, 

 and the epitheca and septa are thinner and more delicate. The 

 primary septa do not run almost horizontally inwards directly from 

 the edge of the epitheca as in the type, but form thin vertical lines 

 on the epitheca for about 1 mm. below its edge and then abruptly 

 broaden. These characters may very probably be due to a quicker 

 growth, or to the greater depth, the type specimen being dredged 

 from 40 fathoms. 



Funafuti ; 105 fathoms, outside the reef. 



Genus Stxlophoea. 



Stylopliora, Milne-Edwards & Haime, Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. 3, 

 t. xiii. p. 102, and Cor. ii. p. 133. 



I have referred the specimens of this genus to eight species, of 

 which I consider four to be new. The genus occurs locally in 

 great abundance on the rim of the reef, where the sea breaks. It 

 is very rare in the lagoon, and was only noted by me on certain 

 shoals near passages in the reef. The colour of the living colonies 

 usually varies from a disticct brown to a light yellow. 



The specific characters in the genus are extremely unsatisfactory, 

 and at first sight I was inclined to refer my collection, consisting 

 of only a few specimens, to two or three species. A careful 

 comparison, however, with a small number of specimens in the 

 Cambridge Museum, and subsequentlj^ with the British Museum 

 collection, showed me that there were a number of very distinct 

 types. The shape and mode of branching of the colonies is not 

 generally of much specific value, being, I consider, very largely 

 dependent on the position of growth. I have hence relied mainly 

 on the characters of the corallites — the shape and appearance of 

 the lip if present, the arrangement of the septa and columella, &c. 

 These characters, while usually varying largely with the position of 

 the calices in the corallum, are fairly constant, and I have in all 

 cases noted them for the terminal and side calices of the 

 branches. 



The development of the coenenchyma between the calices usually 

 increases gradually from the ends to the bases of the branches. 

 The septa, too, gradually get thicker, and the calices often decrease 

 somewhat in size, apparently owing to a deposition of skeleton 

 within the calice-walls. 



