268 Springs and Artificial Fountains. 



8. Those which flow to the surface are generally good, fresh and 

 salubrious. 



9. Those which infiltre between their superpositions, appear to 

 partake of the nature of the different substances, which they encoun- 

 ter and travei-se. 



10. In the excavations, made by miners in the primitive mountains, 

 springs of water are sometimes found, of a pure and excellent quali- 

 ty. Such are the springs which the veins of Chalanches, Gardette, 

 Grave and Saint Christophe, in Oisans, of the department of Isere, 

 present, such are also, according to Cordier, the waters of Vic in 

 Carlodes, at the foot of the Cantal, which issue immediately from 

 the granite, and which are almost pure. 



1 1 . Generally the waters which flow from granitic earths are gase- 

 ous, sulphureous and saline.* 



12. When they are found in compact granite, these waters should 

 have their origin in these rocks, or below them. 



13. These waters are almost all thermal, and even of a very high 

 temperature. Such, in France, are the thermal and gaseous waters 

 of Ar, department of Ariege, of Chaudes, Aigues, near Saint Flour 

 in the Cantal ; of Vals, near Aubenas, in Ardeche ; of Bonnes, 

 valley of Assan, Hautes, Pyrenees ; of Cauterets, Hautes Pyrenees ; 

 of Bagneres de Luchon, Haute Garonne ; which issue from granitic 

 mountains, at a temperature, which varies from 30 to 90 degrees. 



14. In the juxtaposition of the secondary formation, or of the de- 

 positions upon the primitive, there are frequently found abundant in- 

 filtrations, which not being able to penetrate the very compact mass 

 of the latter, follow, subterraneously, the parts or surfaces under the 

 secondary. The examples of these infiltrations, are very numer- 

 ous, in the chains of the Alps and Pyrenees, and in all lofty mount- 

 ains. 



15. These infiltrations being thus formed, in the most elevated 

 parts of the chains of mountains, extend under the earth, for dis- 

 tances and depths, whose limits it is impossible to determine. 



16. The waters of these fountains are generally fresh and of a 

 good quality, when they are near the surface of the earth. 



17. When waters are procured from a great depth they are al- 

 most always gaseous sulphureous and saline. 



This is not true in the United States 



