Valley of the Lackciwarma and of Wyuming. 5-2S> 



II. Mr. Ingham'' s bed, on the W. side of the Susquehanna. 



1. Earth. — 2. Graywacke, 8 or 10 ft. — 3. Firm slate, 75 ft. — 

 4. Coal, best quality, 3 ft. — 5. Firm slate, 10 ft. — 6. Good coal, 

 9 ft. — 7. Firm slate, thickness unknown. — Dip 45° S. E. 



The impressions on the slate of this bed, are numerous, and re- 

 markable for distinctness, and delicacy. 



III. J\Ir. Gaylord''s bed, on the west side of the Susquehanna River. 

 A cross section of this mine is given, on account of the peculiar 

 curvature of the bed ; the surface of the hill in which it is situated 

 is parallel to this. 



a Graywacke, 15 ft. 

 b Loose slate, 1 ft. 

 c Good coal, 6 ft. 



d Pillars of coal left to support the ropl. 

 e compact slate, thickness unknowa. 



IV. Mr. Smithes bed, on W. side of the Susquehanna. 



1. Soil. — 2. Graywacke, 20 ft. — 3. Slate, 10 feet, with numer- 

 ous vegetable impressions.- — 4. Broken coal and slate, 6 ft. — 5. Good 

 coal, 20 ft. — 6. Firm slate, thickness unknown. 



This mine has been extensively wrought, and the scene, both with- 

 out and within, is exceedingly imposing. The bed is followed into 

 the mountain, large pillars of coal being left to support the superin- 

 cumbent weight. At first the entire stratum of coal was removed, 

 thus leaving the roof of slate ; but the frost operated on the slale, 

 and a considerable portion of the roof fell in. A thickness of one 

 or two feet of coal is now left for the roof, and this practice is fol- 

 lowed throughout the coal region. V/here the coal stratum is not 

 thick, the roof is sometimes supported by wooden, instead of coal 

 pillars, but this is not considered as safe as the other mode. 



Nearly opposite to this mine is that of Borbridge and Donley, one 

 of the greatest in the valley ; we preserved no minutes of this mine, 

 which is a stupendous cavern, into which a coach and six might be 

 driven and turned again with ease. Most of the coal hitherto sent 



