On the most simple means of employing dead Jlnimals, 337 



means of a knife well sharpened after softening them in boiling water; 

 horns, thus cut are less effective than when reduced by rasping, but 

 their action lasts longer. 



. Fat. 



When an animal which cannot serve as aliment, is cut up, we 

 should carefully collect, and set aside all the fat which we can find ; 

 it is to be cut up in small portions and raehed, by heating it slowly 

 over the fire, when it is entirely liquid, and does not froth any more 

 it is to be left some minutes away from the fire, passed through a cloth 

 which is to be strongly twisted, and then poured into very dry pots, to 

 be kept cool and well covered. The fat thus prepared is very useful 

 for greasing the axletrees of wheels, the harness of carriages, leather 

 of shoes, &Z.C. 



Bones. 



In localities at a distance of five leagues or more (unless at greater 

 distances these transportations can be cheaply effected by return 

 loads) from factories of ivory black and of toys, bones, collected in 

 sufficiently large quantities, may be transported and sold advanta- 

 geously, in these establishments ; as in many places we may be de- 

 prived of this resource, and even of that of a mill to reduce them to 

 a coarse powder, it will be necessary to divide them as well as pos- 

 sible, by cutting with a hatchet on a block, all the flat bones, and the 

 softer parts, such as the bones of the head, neck, shoulders, sides and 

 the round ends of the large bones ; as to the large bones themselves 

 they may be broken by means of a marline. When they have been 

 thus all broken in pieces, as small as possible, they may be made to 

 serve as manure, particularly on moist meadows ; their good effects 

 will be experienced five or six years afterwards. It will be necessa- 

 ry to be careful not to spread these bones upon a sandy or very dry 

 soil, for if they should not be sufficiently divided to be entirely de- 

 composed in fifteen or twenty years, their effect would scarcely be 

 perceived. 



Blood and Flesh. 



When it should be decided not to employ by the means which we 

 have before pointed out, these two substances for the nourishment of 

 men and animals, an excellent manure may very easily be obtained 

 from them. As to blood, it will be necessary to heat it in a kettle, 

 or iron pot, stirring it incessantly with a wooden ladle, or better, with 

 a rod of iron until it is reduced to a sort of a humid powder. 



Then it is taken from the fire and allowed to cool when it is to be 

 divided by rubbing it between the hands and mixed with two or three 



