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world ; besides showing 

 the differences of eleva- 

 tion and drainage, they 

 will also differentiate, by 

 means of symbols, be- 

 tween the various growths 

 of timber and show their 

 density. The character of 

 the country, whether of 

 swamp or tundra, will 

 also be shown. A line of 

 precise levels, run from 

 tidewater to a point on the 

 boundary, furnishes the 

 initial elevation for map- 

 ping, whence elevations 

 for triangulation are taken 

 and extended trigonome- 

 trically both north and 

 south. 



This survey has proba- 

 bly had more obstacles to 

 overcome than almost any 

 other survey of recent 

 times. In the first place 

 the meridian is crossed in 

 only two places by possi- 

 ble routes of water trans- 

 portation — at the Yukon 

 River and at the Porcu- 

 pine. For 225 miles south 

 of the Yukon, supplies, 

 forage, camp outfit, in- 

 struments, and personal 

 effects must mainly be 

 carried on the backs of 

 horses. A n occasional 

 road, knee deep in mire, 

 over which a six-horse 

 team can barely pull their 

 40 hundred, will run out a 

 short distance from such 

 places a s Dawson or 

 M'hitehorse. but the main 

 reliance of the party is 

 placed in the pack-train 

 wending its snaky way 

 over hill, tundra, and 

 swamp. Two miles an 

 hour is the average speed 

 of this freight train, and 

 six hours a day is con- 

 sidered long enough for a 

 horse to carry his heavy 

 burden. 



On a forced march of 



686 



