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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



half a cocoanut shell, which in turn is 

 put in a bamboo basket and set up beside 

 one of the several entrances to the town. 

 It is believed that evil spirits cannot 

 pass these rows of head-baskets, the 

 number of which indicates only too 

 plainly that head-hunting is still common 

 in many parts of Apayao. 



THE PEOPLE OE NO man's LAND 



In the vicinity of Lubuagan there is 

 a peculiar "No Man's Land," where meet 

 the regions inhabited by the Tingians, 

 the Kalingas, the Ifugaos, and the Bon- 

 toc Igorots. There has been intermar- 

 riage between members of the several 

 tribes, resulting in a blending of physical 

 characteristics and racial customs, and it 

 is often difficult to state with any degree 

 of certainty to what particular tribe, if 

 any, the people of a given town belong. 



Like their neighbors, the inhabitants 

 of this region are skilled agriculturists, 

 raising rice and yams on the steep moun- 

 tain sides, and cultivating sugar-cane 

 with much care. Their houses resemble 

 the houses of the Kalingas more than 

 those of the Bontoc Igorots. The women 

 have adopted some articles of dress from 

 the Kalingas and others from the Tin- 

 gians. They are apparently indebted to 

 the latter for the huge "form improv- 

 ers," worn under their skirts around the 

 lower abdomen and over the hips. In 

 some cases they wear upper garments, 

 but more frequently they do not. They 

 set inordinate store by old agate beads. 



PERFECT PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT 



Many of the men have a most perfect 

 physical development. Their clouts are 

 often elaborately ornamented with beads 

 and buttons, and they wear coils of cop- 

 per wire about their necks. Into their 

 back hair, which is confined in little caps 

 like those of the Bontoc Igorots, are 

 thrust plumes of scarlet and yellow 

 feathers, or of cock's tail feathers, hav- 

 ing small yellow, white, or scarlet birds' 



feathers fastened to their tips with wax. 

 These people are especially warlike, and 

 among them are found some of the most 

 famous head-hunting chiefs of northern 

 Luzon. 



With the exception of the Tingians of 

 Apayao, they have been the last people 

 to come under government control, and 

 isolated cases of head-taking still occur 

 among them. 



HEAD-HUNTING BECOMING RARE 



As will have been inferred from many 

 of the statements made in this article, 

 head-hunting — which until recently an- 

 nually cost the lives of thousands oi 

 people in northern Luzon, prevented 

 agricultural development, and brutalized 

 those who practiced it — has, since the 

 American occupation, been very effect- 

 ively checked. It is now entirely un- 

 known in much of the territory where 

 it formerly prevailed, and is everywhere 

 exceedingly rare, except in a few remote 

 portions of the subprcvir.ee of Kalinga, 

 in the subprovince of Apayao, and among 

 the Negritos inhabiting the still practi- 

 cally unexplored regions bordering on 

 the Pacific coast of northern Luzon. 



Although I have, in this article, some- 

 times allowed myself to drop into the 

 present tense in describing the head- 

 hunting tribes of northern Luzon, it 

 should be remembered that unless other- 

 wise specifically stated the conditions 

 which I have set forth are those which 

 existed when Americans first came in 

 contact with these peoples. In a future 

 article I shall tell of some of the changes 

 which it has proved possible to bring 

 about. 



Meanwhile let it be remembered that 

 the peculiar, and sometimes highly ob- 

 jectionable, customs which have pre- 

 vailed, or still prevail, among the million 

 non-Christian inhabitants must not be 

 credited to the Filipinos, the civilized 

 and Christianized inhabitants in the 

 Philippines, of whom there are some 

 seven millions. 



