i_ 



A se;wing circle; in the open air and sunshine, shanghai 



the southern section, between Chen- 

 kiang and Hangchau, during the years 

 605 to 617 A. D. ; but the northern sec- 

 tion, from the channel of the Hwang-ho, 

 deserted in 1852, to Tientsin was not 

 built until the years 1280- 1283. 



While this canal has been called by the 

 Chinese Yu-ho (Imperial River), Yun- 

 ho (Transport River), or Yunliang-ho 

 (Tribute-bearing River), and while it 

 has connected the great rivers coming 

 down from the far interior into a great 

 water-transport system, this feature of 

 construction may have been but a by- 

 product of the great dominating purpose 

 which led to the vast internal improve- 

 ments in the form of canals, dikes, lev- 

 ees, and impounding reservoirs so widely 

 scattered, so fully developed, and so ef- 

 fectively utilized. Rather the master 



purpose must have been maintenance for 

 the increasing flood of humanity. 



And I am willing to grant to the Great 

 Yu, with his finger on the pulse of the 

 nation, the power to project his vision 

 for 4,000 years into the future of his 

 race and to formulate some of the meas- 

 ures which might be inaugurated to 

 grow with the years and make certain 

 perpetual maintenance for those to fol- 

 low. 



THE KEYNOTE OF PERMANENT 

 AGRICULTURE 



The exhaustion of cultivated fields 

 must always have been the most funda- 

 mental, vital, and difficult problem of all 

 civilized people, and it appears clear that 

 such canalization as is illustrated on 

 maps Nos. i and 2 may have been pri- 



941 



