Photo by Felix J. Koch 

 CHRISTIAN PEASANTS AT A PASHA's COURT, IN THE) INTERIOR OF TURKEY 



recent rising the Ottoman authorities 

 placed these mohajirs on the lands whose 

 Christian owners had been murdered or 

 had fled. This added a new disturbing 

 element to the situation, as the emigrants 

 are particularly bitter against their 

 Christian neighbors. 



THE CHRISTIANS OE MACEDONIA 



With regard to the actual numbers of 

 the Turks of the three vilayets of Mace- 

 donia, it is impossible to get reliable sta- 

 tistics. According to the most reliable 

 calculations, the Mohammedan popula- 

 tion does not amount to more than 700,- 

 000, of whom perhaps one-third are Os- 

 manli Turks. The Christians are about 

 1,300,000 to 1,500,000, so that it is clear 

 that the country cannot be regarded as a 

 Mohammedan land, much less as a Tur- 

 kish land. 



The Christians of Macedonia are not 

 united by language, by racial ties, nor by 

 political aspirations. It is this which has 

 hitherto impeded the emancipation of the 

 country. There are in Macedonia four 



Christian communities — Greeks, Bulga- 

 rians, Serbs, and Rumans, or Kuteo- 

 Vlachs; each of these nationalities is 

 connected by ties of language and po- 

 litical aspirations with one or other of 

 the free Balkan States. 



The Christians of Macedonia all be- 

 long to the Eastern or Orthodox Church, 

 with the exception of some Catholic Al- 

 banians in the north and a few converts 

 of the various foreign missions. But ec- 

 clesiastically they are divided into two 

 main churches, the Greek or CEcumenical 

 Patriarchate and the Bulgarian Exarch- 

 ate (see page 1112). To the former be- 

 long all the Greeks, Serbs, Vlachs, Or- 

 thodox Albanians, and a proportion of 

 the Bulgarians ; to the latter the majority 

 of the Bulgarians. This division is one 

 of the chief causes of hatred between 

 Greek and Bulgar. 



*^ 



THE GREEKS OE MACEDONIA 



After the capture of Constantinople by 

 the Turks, the Greeks, although subject 

 to periodical persecutions and massacres, 



1 125 



