108 The Hartz, 



those of lead, for the machines, Sec. Honesty and civility characterise 

 those employed, and tlrere is scarcely a workman who if questioned 

 concerning any thing that regards his duty will not answer with 

 promptitude and precision. 



The population of the Hartz may be estimated at 55,000 souls 

 composed entirely of persons directly or indirectly employed in the 

 mines ; the children are employed in packing and washing the ore, 

 for which they are compensated. In those cities termed Bergstadts 

 no person is permitted to settle without previously proving his mi- 

 ning capacity. 



Considering the natural situation of this district, a temperate cli- 

 mate could not be expected ; it is cold and wet during the winter, 

 the thermometer frequently descends to — 32°and never rises above 

 30° during the summer. Thus the inhabitants, with little inter- 

 ruption, keep a fire in their respective appartments during the whole 

 year. 



The mines then are the only primitive sources of industry in the 

 Hartz, and there is not an individual who is not dependent more or 

 less upon them. Thus a state of society is presented, differing in 

 this respect from that of any other part of the world. The forests 

 are subservient to the wants of the mines, or to subsequent opera- 

 tions, and the administration being a distinct one, consults the wants 

 of these establishments, before granting to individuals the use of 

 combustibles. 



Geology. 



We have already given the outlines of the primitive formation which 

 abruptly disappears under the superior rocks already mentioned, 

 evidently confirming the opinion of the posterior elevation of this 

 group. The superior stratified rocks surrounding the primitive for- 

 mations of the Hartz mountains are the red sandstone with its por- 

 phyry, magnesian Umestone (zechstein) gypsum, muschelkalk, a 

 horizontal limestone having an analogy to chalk, and a sandstone of 

 recent formation (quadersandstein). The theoretical profile of the 

 cropping out of the different strata from Gottingen to Ostei'ode will 

 give a correct idea of their relative superpositions. The other fig- 

 ures representing the Hartz longitudinally, and transversely, will ena- 

 ble the reader to fix in his mind the disposition of this interesting 

 group. 



