22G Mineralogi/ and Geology of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. 



forms the greater part of the townships of Lisbon, Madrid, Louisville, 

 Norfolk and Massena; also the northern districts of Potsdam and 

 Stockholm. Near the river St. Lawrence, the country is usually- 

 level J at a distance of ten miles, it exhibits a fine undulating surface ; 

 at fifteen miles it becomes hilly. 



The rapids of the St. Lawrence, commence at the red mills, seven 

 miles below Ogdensburg ; the river there flows over limestone. 



One mile from Massena, on the banks of the river Racket, is a 

 mineral spring, from the bottom of which, bubbles of sulphureted hy- 

 drogen gas continually rise. The water is strongly impregnated wdth 

 the gas, and its peculiar smell, may be distinguished at some distance. 

 A deposition of sulphur takes place on the stones of the well. The 

 waters of this spring, appear to resemble in their general qualities, 

 those of Harrowgate in England. Hitherto few persons have visited 

 this spring, as there were no accommodations for visitors. A large 

 boarding house has been recently erected, and it begins to attract 

 notice. 



Mineral springs of a similar kind have been noticed in other situa- 

 tions, on the banks of the same river, but this is more strongly im- 

 pregnated than any hitherto discovered. 



At Norfolk I visited the furnace, where cast iron is made during 

 the winter season. They use bog ore which is brought from some 

 distance. It is classed into three kinds^— Loam ore. Shot ore. Pan 

 ore ; varieties which arise merely from the state of aggregation. 

 At a forge in the same village, where bar iron is made, they mix a 

 proportion of the protoxide of iron, called Mountain ore, with the 

 varieties mentioned above. The mountain ore, which is brought 

 from Malone, contains some very fine octohedral crystals. 

 • At the village of Potsdam, a low range of primitive rocks crosses 

 the river, and forms a series of falls and rapids, which are very ad- 

 vantageous for mill seats. The rocks exhibited here are a red colored 

 granite, containing very little mica, and hornblende slate. An exca- 

 vation has been made in the latter rock near the bridge, and we there 

 observed the following varieties of minerals. Resplendent Horn- 

 blende in large crystals. Talc. Sahlite, light green, not abund- 

 ant. Scapolite, grey. Quartz, brown, yellow, and reddish. Fel- 

 spar, greenish. Micaceous iron ore, and copper pyrites, in minute 

 particles. 



Two miles south of Potsdam, quarries of sandstone have been 

 opened on both shores of the river : we visited tliat on the east. It 



