56 Sketch of the Mine of Pasco. 



the labaderos of gold. Very near the village of Pallanchacu, there 

 is a considerable stratum of stone coal, which is worked from time 

 to time. In Cuypan, the limestone lies, also upon the sandstone, and 

 in other parts upon the conglomerate ; the sti'ata are very white, less 

 compact, and contain small shells ; the metallic stratum is argilla- 

 ceous and calcareous, it contains the cinnabar, and balsonadas of cin- 

 nabar, raore or less spacious, are found in these mines, with remains 

 of lignite. In general, the gangue of this metal, is calcareous, or 

 argillaceous, of the color of ashes, and in both, it is scattered in small 

 quantities, since they do not yield more than one arroha the cajon. 

 In Colquijarca is observed a whitish limestone ; in some layers it is 

 compact, in others, crossed in every direction, by the crystallized cal- 

 careous spar, which prevents the extraction of large masses for 

 lithography ; it alternates with a green argil of some yards in bulk, 

 as is plainly seen in the excavation Don Miguel Otero is making, 

 which commences at the plain, and cuts, perpendicularly, the me- 

 tallic strata which run from north to south. In this calcareous rock, 

 are found three narrow strata of stone coal ; the gres and quartz 

 rest upon it, the aspect and characters of which are very similar to 

 the flint, which forms the gangue of the metals of silver, in this chain. 

 When many strata unite in the centre, they form masses which are 

 extremely rich, and many yards broad, and they are all composed of 

 minerals, which produce from twenty five to thirty marks, as has been 

 the case in the mines of Leonera, St. Frances, and others. On the 

 surface of this chain, is the quartz, in appearance, half decomposed, 

 and full of cavities, forming a distinct line, known to be the metallic 

 strata, actually explored. 



Huaypacha. 



This mine is situated in a narrow inequality of ground, and along 

 the shores of a river of the same name. On the west side, near the 

 estate of St. Domingo, the granite is found very well marked, which 

 serves for the engines; its color approaches a red, tlie crystals of fel- 

 spar and mica are visible ; it passes, in some pieces, to the fine gran- 

 ite and gneiss, and forms a small pointed island in the sea ; which is 

 sloping and of some extent ; on the east, you find the micaceous and 

 argillaceous slate, of a greenish color, which is easily decomposed, 

 owing to the many veins of iron pyrites. Upon this is observed a 

 green compact rock, very hard, tenacious and hke greenstone, witli 

 veins of white quartz ; in others it has the appearance of serpentine. 



