Geological Prodromus. 65" 



Fifth Series. 



Bog ore and iron stone are found with the lignite coal of New Jer- 

 sey — a:lso in the same geological association from Fort Ann to Cox- 

 sackie, a distance of eighty miles on the west side of Hudson River. 



I intend to demonstrate, that the detritus of new jersey, em- 

 bracing THE MARLE, WHICH CONTAINS THOSE REMARKABLE FOSSIL 

 RELICS, IS ANTEDILUVIAL, OB THE GENUINE TERTIARY FORMATION. 



Between , South Amboy and the Neversink River, a distance of 

 about twenty miles, the marine sand (Bagshot sand) reposing on the 

 marly clay (London clay) is continuous, excepting some narrow 

 channels and very limited denudations. The plastic clay appears 

 beneath, the marly above and near the level of the bay, for a dis- 

 tance of about three miles from South Amboy. It there seems to 

 sink beneath the bay, leaving the bank of marly clay and marine 

 sand in view. 



Ferruginous conglomerate and ironstone, are embraced in the 

 marly clay, in one continuous stratum, varying in thickness, through- 

 out the whole distance from South Amboy to the Neversink. Be- 

 tween the Cheesequake and Matavan rivers, a stratum of lignite or 

 wood-coal, consisting of charred cauline plants, above and in connec- 

 tion with the ferruginous conglomerate and ironstone, is entided to a 

 visit from every American geologist. It consists, mostly, of charred 

 wood of a large size, every where mineralized with iron pyrites. It 

 may be seen in one uninterrupted stratum, three or four miles in ex- 

 tent. Trunks of ti'ees, more than twelve inches in diameter, may 

 be obtained here, most perfectly charred, and mineralized with the 

 pyrites. 



Between the Matavan River (called Middletown Point River) and 

 the Neversink, very interesting beds of marie are embraced in the 

 marly clay. Perhaps it is more correct to say, that the marly 

 clay passes into this raarle. As these beds have been described un- 

 der the title of marl pits, in several public journals, I will merely 

 state, that they are rich in fossil mineralized relics, perhaps without a 

 parallel. The bones, shells, &;c. embraced in them, are well pre- 

 served, by being mineralized with hydrate of iron, &ic. 



I intend to shew, that the Lehigh or Lackawannock coal, of 



THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, IS EMBRACED IN THE SECOND GRAY- 

 WACKE, AND BELONGS TO THE SECONDARY CLASS. 



I placed this rock in the transition class, but it must be removed 

 to the lower secondary ; because petrifactions, peculiar to the sec- 



