BouPs Geological and Miscellaneous Observations. 25 



every thing. Without a sing;!^ letter, I found myself in a 

 wretched sohtary inn on the limits of Waliachia, in the midst 

 of a woody country. Happily I found the means to escape 

 from that place ; the roads were covered with soldiers, as 

 great numbers of robbers infested the immense forests- 



In my work on Transylvania you will see and learn what 

 a country this is, once over the Transylvanian hills you are 

 no longer in Europe, and I suppose that the impenetrable 

 woods of some parts of the country, must resembie those of 

 America, where the bears and the snakes arte he only in- 

 habitants. At Vienna, which I at length reached, I was 

 detained by a nervous fever ihat continued forty days. 



This year I have revisited [taly and the south part of the 

 Alps where all the secondary formarions exist, and often in 

 a single hill. You see there old schistose crystalline green- 

 stone ? * with sup[)orting grauwacke, clay slate and transi- 

 tion metalliferous limestone, as at Bleyberg, then, above, a 

 red conglomerate, next a marly limestone formation or 

 zechstein, then marls and sand stone (variegated) with gyp- 

 sum, roggenstein, shelly calcareous sandstone, wh ch is red 

 marl as in Germany. Above the red marl is a greyish 

 limestone formation, muschelkalk, then a reddish sandstone 

 formation on quadersandstein, then juratic cavernous do- 

 lomite in strata, with shells, notwithstanding what Von Buch 

 says. To these succeed oolite and compact jura limestone, 

 and against the plain of Lombardy, green sand, chalk 

 with chlorite, corals and mummulites, chalky limestone, 

 and hard chalk with flints. This coral limestone is the 

 same which is so abundant in Hungary and Austria, and 

 which contains the mastodonte, and bones of an animal al- 

 lied to the genus Ibis. (Cuvier's theory is against this.) 

 Above the chalk is coarse tertiary limestone with fossils, 

 short beds of blue clay with shells. To these probably be- 

 longs the blue shelly clay of the sub-Appenine hills. The 

 upper part of the coarse limestone contains bituminous beds 

 with fishes. 



The Appenines seem lo be composed of older transition 

 rocks, grauwacke and limestone, red marl, lilce that of the 

 Carpathians, and muschelkalk .f* of juratic dolomite, com- 

 pact limestone, green sand, coral limestone, hard chalk, and 



*In the original this word is ?o obscure that I have ^enn uuable lo decy- 

 pher it sat:sfa<;toiilv. — J. W. W. 



Vol. IX.— No. I. 4 



