198 Art of Bakmg, 



About 24 hours before the shell is broken, the yolk of 

 the egg, which till then remains entire, passes into the intes- 

 tines, and affords nourishment sufficient for 30 hours after 

 the animal is hatched. — Bulletin d? encouragement. 



36. Patents. — The number of Patents for new inventions, 

 or improvements on former ones, taken out in 1822 were, in 



France, - 161 

 England, - 124 



and in 1823, in 

 France, - 197 

 England, - 168 

 United States, 164 



37. Syphon. — An improvement on this instrument has 

 been made in Paris, by M. Buntem, instrument-maker, 

 quai Pelletier, No. 26. so as to save the necessity of suc- 

 tion. Near the top of the outer and longer branch, just 

 below the bend of the syphon, a ball is blown, forming part 

 of the stem itself, and of a suitable size. On filling this 

 branch, (together with the ball,) with a fluid, stopping the 

 end of the tube with the finger, and then immersing the 

 short leg in the liquor to be drawn off, the operation will go 

 on at pleasure. 



The same artizan has improved the common or do/nestic 

 barometer, so as to prevent the possibility of air getting into 

 the tube, by a variation of its position. — Bulletin de la Soc. 

 (P encouragement. 



38. Art of Baking. — A machine for accelerating the fer- 

 mentation of flour, has been invented at Lausanne in Swit- 

 zerland. It consists simply of a round box of pine wood, a 

 foot in diameter, and two feet long, placed upon gudgeons, 

 and put into motion by a handle or winch, resembling 

 exactly the cylinder used for burning coffee. An opening 

 is made on one side for receiving the dough. The time 

 necessary for fermentation, depends on the temperature, 

 the rapidity of its motion, and many other circumstances ; 

 but when the paste is properly raised, the operator discovers 

 it, by the hissing sound of the fixed air, as it rushes out of 

 the machine. It never fails to work well, and requires at 



