3i4 Carpenitr on Cinchona Bark, 



on the exterior, and of a reddish brown beneath. The pecu- 

 liar features of this bark, and by which it may be readily dis- 

 tinguished, are the following. The epidermis is thick, and 

 may be easily removed from the bark : hence you find in the 

 ceroonsthe greater part deprived of this inert portion. Ithas 

 ^•nany deep transverse fissures, runnmg parallel; the fracture 

 IS woody and shining; the interior layer is fibrous, and of a 

 yellow colour ; the taste is slightly astringeist, and very bitter. 

 This specie^ of bark will yield a much larger proportion of 

 sulphate of quinine than any other bark in commerce, and 

 consequently may justly be esteemed the best. 



2d. Ca isa} a plancha, or Flat Calisaya. 



This variety consists of flat thick woody pieces, of a red- 

 dish brown colour, deprived of the epidermis, and the inte- 

 rior layer more fibrous than that in the quill. This variety 

 yields from twenty to twenty five per cent, iess qiiinine than 

 the former, and consequently is a less desirable article. 



Superior Loxa, or Crown Bark. 



Loxa is the name of the province and port of Peru where 

 this bark is obtained and exported. It was in this province 

 cinchona was originally discovered. This bark is highly es- 

 teemed by the royal family, and is that which has been se= 

 lected for their use : hence the name of crown bark. This 

 bark is in small quills, the longitudinal edges foldin^o- in upon 

 themselves, forming a tube about the circumference of a 

 goose-quill, and from half a foot to a foot in length. It is of 

 a grayish colour on the exterior, covered with small transverse 

 fissures or cracks ; the internal surface is smooth, and of 

 an orange red; it is of a compact texture, and breaks with a 

 short clear fracture ; it is the bark of the cinchona condamin- 

 ia, and is known at Loxa by tne name of Cascnrilla fina ; 

 yet notwithstaudiag this bark appears to have had the de- 

 cided preference to all other species, analysis fully indicates 

 that this bark is not equal in medicinal strength to that deno- 

 minated Calisaya. This bark is much more astringent, and 

 less bitter than the calisaya. This species yields from twen- 

 ty-five to thirty per cent, iess quinine than the the former,the 

 crystals of which are not so well characterized. 



