Geology of Deerjield, ^c. HI 



fell in Gill. In this last place bituminous shale has been 

 noticed. 



In Mount Toby, in Sunderland, is a cave nearly 150 feet 

 above the bed of Connecticut river. It opens to the north 

 and west, forming a quarter of a circle, is 130 feet in extent, 

 60 feet deep, and from 3 to 20 wide. A little to the south of 

 it, is a fissure in the puddingstone, formed by a separation of 

 the rock, ten feet wide, and as deep as the cave. So perfect 

 is this division, that it appears as if cloven down by the sword 

 of some Titan. Perhaps this cave and fissure were formed 

 by the washing of the waters of the lake we have mentioned 

 on the sandstone and conglomerate beneath ; thus causing 

 the superincumbent rock to fall and separate. There is no 

 appearance of any other convulsion. Imperfect, calcareous 

 stalactites are found in this cave. 



The falls in Connecticut river, at E, are not unworthy of 

 notice. The river here is about 40 rods wide, and the height 

 of the main cataract, raised considerably by an artificial dam, 

 is 30 feet. The fall continues two miles. On the north bank 

 you view the cataract from elevated ground, and can see 

 the river nearly a mile above and below — above, perfectly 

 smooth and calm, below, forming a quarter of a circle, and 

 tumbling among the broken rocks. On the opposite side of 

 the river are a few buildings, the commencement of a canal, 

 and, behind these, moderately clovatpH hills, covered with 

 woods. Two rocky islands near the middle of the descending 

 sheet, and another thirty rods below, add much to the beauty 

 of the view. Looking from the southeast shore, you have a 

 partial prospect of the falls, and a view of an amphitheatre of 

 greenstone hills, through which a small river empties. The 

 pleasure derived from the view proceeds more from its wild- 

 ness than its sublimity. 



The position of the hills, boundaries, and rivers, on the 

 accompanying map, may not, in all cases, be precisely correct. 

 The general outlines were enlarged by a pentegraph from 

 Carleton's map of Massachusetts, and the intermediate objects 

 were placed chiefly by the eye ; their relative situations being 

 determined by txavelhng over the ground, and viewing them 



