336 Dewey on Geology of WiUiamstown, ^c. 



to the Hudson. It is an inconsiderable stream, about six rode 

 in width, and its current is rapid. From the south, runs Green 

 River, a smaller stream, and enters the Hoosack one mile north- 

 east of the college. The green colour of this stream, appears to 

 be caused by a magnesian clay, which is washed from its banks 

 at the south part of the town. At the west is Westbrook, ris- 

 ing in Williamstown, and entering the Hoosack one mile and a 

 half northwest of the college. The soil in this whole tract is 

 generally clayey, rather light for such a soil, and very rich. A 

 gravelly soil appears in a few places, especially at the northern 

 part. The interval on the Hoosaok extends only a small dis- 

 tance from its banks, rarely exceeding, and often much less, 

 than half a mile, and presents the common appearances of 

 alluvial land. Rising from ten to twenty feet above this inter- 

 val, the soil is in various places filled with rolled stones of 

 quartz and limestone, as if the Hoosack had once been much 

 above the banks which confine it at present. It is not impro- 

 bable that its waters were formerly intercepted by -the hills in 

 Pownal, five riijles at the northwest, forming a small lake in 

 |this valley. 



The hills of the Taconick range, (A*) on which passes 

 the line between Massachusetts and New- York, have gene- 

 rally an elevation from twelve hundred to fourteen hun- 

 dred feet ; Pownal Mountain (B) on the north, about fourteen 

 hundred ; and Oak hill (D) on the northeast, twelve hundred 

 feet above the east college (C.) Sfiddle Mountain (EF) is an 

 insulated mass, separated from the Taconick range by the val- 

 ley of Williamstown, and from Hoosack Mountain, by the val- 

 ley in Adams. It lies about south southwest, and is nearly 

 eight miles in length, and two in breadth. It is composed of 

 two ranges, the eastern and highest (FG) being in Adams. The 

 mountain has its name from two of its peaks, which present 

 at a distance the appearance of the two elevations of a saddle. 

 The west range (E) is divided into two parts quite to its base, 

 which with the slope of the east range encloses, on three sides^ 

 3n irregular hollow, called the Hopper, (H) The northern 



« See IVJap. 



